The second part of the article series is about the study of the influence of yeast and autolyzed yeast derivative on red wines’ qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Wine samples in which the preparation process was explained in the first part of the article were investigated. Wine coloring and phenolic compounds were measured. Organoleptic properties of the wines are presented as spider graphs with tasting notes.

This study aims to develop technology and a recipe for a novel type of functional bakery product using an alternative sweetener. As licorice roots contain glycyrrhizin, they can be replaced with sugar. Compared to sucrose, glycyrrhizin has a sweet taste 50-100 times stronger. In addition to developing technology for a new product, it is also necessary to consider the economic efficiency and safety of the end product as well. According to the AST 36-94 and AST 37-94 normative documents in force on RA territory, porosity and moisture were determined as physicochemical indicators. A KERN analyzer was used to determine the moisture content of the finished product. The examination of cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead from safety indicators was performed according to the normative documents GOST EN 14083-2013, GOST R 51766-2001, and GOST R 53183-2008. As long as there are no risks associated with harmful effects on human life or health, food products are safe. A finished product should also be cost-effective, profitable, and economical. The safety indicators of the finished product were evaluated for their economic efficiency and compliance with the requirements of the existing normative documents. It has been proven that licorice root extract is safe to use in baking since not all sugar substitutes are safe. Despite being novel in the domestic food market, particularly the functional food market, the proposed product can stimulate the growth of bakery industry.

Scientific research was conducted from 2020 to 2022 under laboratory conditions and on cabbage plantations (plot and industrial). It has been confirmed that cabbage plantations in the Lukashin community of the Armavir region had a high population of cabbage moth caterpillars. Local bacterial cultural liquids of Bacillus thuringiensis species tested separately and in combination with sublethal doses of insecticides showed high biological effectiveness against phytophagous caterpillars of ages I-III, which does not differ significantly from the reference indicator: commercial bacterial preparation Lepidocide. According to the results of laboratory examination of the bodies of the deceased larvae, it was found out that the decomposing body tissues of the pest larvae were filled with insecticidal sporocrystalline components, which confirmed that the death of the phytophagous larvae is the result of the effect of the tested insecticides. When struggling against cabbage moth caterpillars, it is proposed to use bacterial culture fluids alone with a lethal dose of 300 million spores/ml and in combinations with their sub-lethal quantity (titer of 150 million spores/ml) with the chemical insecticide calypso (0.033 % suspension).

The study aimed to assess 58 veterinary laboratory specialists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning brucellosis across all regional (Marz) and central laboratories (Reference Laboratory for Especially Dangerous Pathogens). The survey was developed to assess the knowledge of lab specialists and identify gaps in laboratory activities that may have an impact on test results. Questions covered the following topics: a) disease epidemiology, b) sample conditions, c) biosafety and biosecurity, and d) laboratory tests, requirements, and indicators. According to the results, 45 % of respondents are 51 years old or older, most (26 respondents/45 %) have six to ten years of laboratory experience, and 20 respondents (35 %) have 21 years and more experience. Eleven people (19 %) had not received professional training. At the same time, 90 % and more correct answers were given by respondents who had passed training during the last year. In the last year, a person took training but did not answer 90% of the questions correctly. Most part (86 %) of respondents were not familiar with lab test indicators (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, etc.) and 46 (79 %) were unaware of screening and confirmation tests requirements. Only 55 % (32 people) knew that one serological test was insufficient to make a final diagnosis, but 24 (75 %) of those respondents could not justify that. This study shows that it is necessary to review the current mechanisms for the preparation of laboratory specialists. This will indirectly impact an accurate assessment of the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in Armenia.

Using research findings, it was determined that each strain exhibits distinct morphological, biochemical, and tinctorial attributes that are intrinsic to its particular classification. Remarkably, the API test proficiently categorized the subtypes of these strains, achieving an exceptional precision rate of up to 99.8 %. The following strains of microbes have been isolated during this study: E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus spp., and Proteus mirabilis. The results of analyses conducted through the discօ diffusion technique reveal a diverse spectrum of antibiotic resistance profiles among the multiple strains isolated from poultry, encompassing 28 antibiotics originating from Italy. The acquired data are of significant scientific and pragmatic value. This underlines the need for specific emphasis on strains manifesting pathogenic traits, particularly those demonstrating multidrug resistance involving three or more distinct antibiotics. The importance of understanding and managing antibiotic resistance in avian microbial populations is underscored by this imperative.

In this article, we present the course and results of scientific research aimed at calculation of the concentration of somatic cells in cow's milk to detect subclinical mastitis in individual farms of the Republic of Armenia. Comparison of somatic cell concentrations in milk from healthy and sick cows with subclinical mastitis, analysis and comparison of blood morphological parameters in sick and healthy animals has been implemented and the relationship between somatic cell concentration in milk and morphological abnormalities in sick cow blood has been identified. SC concentrations between 300 and 500 thousand/ml are indicative of mastitis risk. In this case, the type of reaction manifested was positive. It was found that the viscosity of the investigated solution "Somatic plus" + milk increases in proportion to the increasing concentration of somatic cells in the milk sample, which indicates subclinical mastitis. A study of the morphological parameters of blood in healthy and subclinical mastitis animals revealed some deviations from the reference values of blood parameters, leading to the conclusion that these changes in animals' blood are related to an increase in the number of milk's somatic cells. Increased leukocytes were found in sick animals' blood. This was followedby an increase in stab neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and ESR. As a result of all this, the body is experiencing inflammatory processes mobilizing its defensive mechanisms against pathogens.

Over the recent 20 years, for the first time, the disease of swine perfringens has been studied in the Aragatsotn region of RA and related epidemiological analysis has been conducted. To identify A, C, and D serological types of Cl. Perfringens and special diagnostic sera produced by the Kursk biofactory were used. It has been found that the main serological infection type of swine perfringens is C and sometimes A and D subtypes. In the pig breeding farms of the mentioned region about 6887 heads of swine (aging from 3 days to 1 year old) were registered. Per the research results, about 45 out of 72 communities were recognized as insecure/vulnerable. As to the above-stated animal number, it should be mentioned, that 1722 heads of swine fell down, whereas 5510 were considered bacteria carriers. Thus, as a result of epidemiological analysis, the morbidity (bacteria carrying rate), mortality, insecurity/vulnerability, and focality coefficients (indicators) have made 0.80 (80 %), 0.25 (25 %), 0.63 (63 %), and 122 animals, respectively.

The fifth article in the series summarizes the results of genetic analysis of 7 varieties of tobacco of the Samsun oriental variety type and their diallel hybrids for the yield of dry leaves. The trait inheritance in F1 is most characterized by an intermediate type, the determination and growth of which is realized primarily by additive genes with a recessive nature. These give rise to deviations between yield indicators and the effects of GCA. A new tactic has been developed for selecting promising starting materials and selecting for the combination of genes in genotypes that control moderate yield and high aromaticity of raw materials. For this purpose, the following varieties have been proposed: Samsun 47, Samsun 36, Samsun Bafra, and Samsun Maden, and universal hybrids Samsun 47xSamsun Bafra and Samsun 36xSamsun Bafra which are valuable both for heterosis and breeding. CMS analogues of maternal forms make it possible to organize hybrid seed production. Analyses of genetic correlations allow us to draw the most important conclusion about the reality of the combination in the genotypes of selected forms of moderate yield and high-quality raw materials by intensifying the photosynthetic apparatus. A new principle of selection in population has been developed: selection should be carried out according to the type of leaf of the aromatic variety Samsun Bafra, and to the rate of leaf formation productive varieties Samsun 36 and Samsun 47.

TIn the current period of agricultural management, when the task is to obtain new breeds of farm animals following modern socio-economic, regional, and natural-geographical requirements and to improve the existing ones, the problem of using the rich gene pool of wild relatives very often arises. It should be noted, however, that the genetic potential of the Armenian Mouflon was not used during the creation of agricultural animals, particularly sheep in Armenia. This was due to several biological barriers, which are currently surmountable with the use of modern biotechnological methods, especially genomic selection. To resolve the issue, we carried out the genetic passportization and barcoding of the Armenian Mouflon kept in the Yerevan Zoo according to ISSR-PCR markers. Five of the 11 ISSR primers used during molecular-genetic research had high activity: (GA)9C, (CA)9G, (CTC)6G, (GTG)6C, and (ACC)6G. A total of 63 or 71.6 % of the 88 ISSR-PCR amplicons were polymorphic. The lowest value of polymorphic DNA fragments was recorded for (ACC)6G (59.1 %) and the highest for (GTG)6C (83.3%) primers. The number of rare alleles, which indicates the originality and homogeneity of the given population, in the experimental group were: (CTC)6G and (GTG)6C. From the analysis of the material obtained during the experimental research, it was possible to decode the genetic formula and barcode of the Armenian Mouflon, which can be used as a test to clarify the identification, origin, and evolution of the species and conduct molecular selection in the breeding processes.

The research aimed to identify latent mastitis in cows on farms in the Republic of Armenia by counting somatic cells in milk using the California method. Among the 170 animals examined, 60 had latent mastitis, which comprised 35.2 % of the population. The highest incidence was observed in the Vayoc Dzor region (50 %), while the lowest was found in the Sunik region (25 %). It was found that 40 animals (23.5 %) showed a pronounced reaction to mastitis, and the concentration of somatic cells in milk was 300-500 thousand/sm3. 20 animals demonstrated a positive reaction to the test (11.7 %), and the number of somatic cells in milk exceeded 500 thousand/sm3. A microbiological study of milk from animals with subclinical mastitis was conducted to determine the species composition of pathogenic microflora. The study indicated that the milk was highly contaminated with staphylococcus, streptococcus, corynebacterial, E. coli, mycoplasma, candida, etc. A rise in leukocytes was observed in the blood of sick animals, as well as increases in band neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and ESRs. All this indicates, there is an inflammatory process present in the body and the immune system is mobilizing to fight pathology.