Objective: To study the impact of early metabolic profiling and intervention measures in the periparturient period on the occurrence of postparturient metabolic diseases in cows. Materials and Methods: Using a cohort of dairy cows from two selected areas of Bangladesh, we routinely tested the serum calcium level and ketone bodies in the urine at periparturient periods. In addition, milk samples were tested for the presence of mastitis at different stages of lactation. Animals showing reduced serum calcium levels, high ketone bodies in the urine or the presence of clinical and subclinical mastitis received appropriate therapeutic intervention immediately after detection. After the intervention, the number of animals that got sick with diseases or conditions like milk fever, ketosis, mastitis, and dystocia, which are caused by metabolic problems, was recorded. Results: In the periparturient period, most of the animals had lower serum calcium levels (8.13 ± 1.2 mg/dl), which were significantly increased by the following intervention (10.05 ± 1.4 mg/dl). On the other hand, there was a higher number of ketosis-affected animals (33.9%, 20/59) during the periparturient period, which decreased (18.6%, 11/59) during the postparturient period. Similarly, the number of mastitis-affected cows was also decreased in postparturient cows (30.9%, 13/42) than in periparturient cows (59.5%, 25/42), following improved hygienic measures. After early intervention, the number of study animals with metabolic diseases decreased from 51.7% before intervention to 15.3% after intervention. Conclusions: Early metabolic profiling significantly reduced the occurrence of metabolic diseases in cows. Therefore, we recommend regular metabolic profiling of dairy cows and receiving early intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of metabolic diseases on the farm. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(2): 295–300, June 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i596

Objective: To study the impact of early metabolic profiling and intervention measures in the peri¬parturient period on the occurrence of postparturient metabolic diseases in cows. Materials and Methods: Using a cohort of dairy cows from two selected areas of Bangladesh, we routinely tested the serum calcium level and ketone bodies in the urine at periparturient periods. In addition, milk samples were tested for the presence of mastitis at different stages of lactation. Animals showing reduced serum calcium levels, high ketone bodies in the urine or the presence of clinical and subclinical mastitis received appropriate therapeutic intervention immediately after detection. After the intervention, the number of animals that got sick with diseases or conditions like milk fever, ketosis, mastitis, and dystocia, which are caused by metabolic problems, was recorded. Results: In the periparturient period, most of the animals had lower serum calcium levels (8.13 ± 1.2 mg/dl), which were significantly increased by the following intervention (10.05 ± 1.4 mg/dl). On the other hand, there was a higher number of ketosis-affected animals (33.9%, 20/59) during the periparturient period, which decreased (18.6%, 11/59) during the postparturient period. Similarly, the number of mastitis-affected cows was also decreased in postparturient cows (30.9%, 13/42) than in periparturient cows (59.5%, 25/42), following improved hygienic measures. After early intervention, the number of study animals with metabolic diseases decreased from 51.7% before intervention to 15.3% after intervention. Conclusions: Early metabolic profiling significantly reduced the occurrence of metabolic diseases in cows. Therefore, we recommend regular metabolic profiling of dairy cows and receiving early intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of metabolic diseases on the farm. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(2.000): 295-300]

Objective: To study the impact of early metabolic profiling and intervention measures in the peri¬parturient period on the occurrence of postparturient metabolic diseases in cows. Materials and Methods: Using a cohort of dairy cows from two selected areas of Bangladesh, we routinely tested the serum calcium level and ketone bodies in the urine at periparturient periods. In addition, milk samples were tested for the presence of mastitis at different stages of lactation. Animals showing reduced serum calcium levels, high ketone bodies in the urine or the presence of clinical and subclinical mastitis received appropriate therapeutic intervention immediately after detection. After the intervention, the number of animals that got sick with diseases or conditions like milk fever, ketosis, mastitis, and dystocia, which are caused by metabolic problems, was recorded. Results: In the periparturient period, most of the animals had lower serum calcium levels (8.13 ± 1.2 mg/dl), which were significantly increased by the following intervention (10.05 ± 1.4 mg/dl). On the other hand, there was a higher number of ketosis-affected animals (33.9%, 20/59) during the periparturient period, which decreased (18.6%, 11/59) during the postparturient period. Similarly, the number of mastitis-affected cows was also decreased in postparturient cows (30.9%, 13/42) than in periparturient cows (59.5%, 25/42), following improved hygienic measures. After early intervention, the number of study animals with metabolic diseases decreased from 51.7% before intervention to 15.3% after intervention. Conclusions: Early metabolic profiling significantly reduced the occurrence of metabolic diseases in cows. Therefore, we recommend regular metabolic profiling of dairy cows and receiving early intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of metabolic diseases on the farm. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(2.000): 295-300]

Objective: Quail production is ranked as an important alternative animal protein source in Cameroon. One of the main constraints of this production is the quality of feed, which lacks protein that is regularly supplied by fish meal. To avoid disagreements due to the constant shortage of fish meal, alternative protein sources are needed, and among them are crickets(Acheta domesticus). The goal of this study was to find out how well Japanese quails could be raised if fish meal was replaced with cricket meal. Materials and Methods: A total of 192, 4-week-old quails were divided into 12 similar sets of 8 females and 8 males. The Four experimental diets (T00, T15, T30, and T45) were all formulated based on the level (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively) of fish meal substitution with cricket meal in the basal diet (crude protein: 20.18% and ME: 3,013.78 kcal/kg) and randomly assigned to three sets in a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments each repeated three times. Growth, carcass, and some reproduction parameters were collected. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Cricket meal diets increased body weight in males (204.32 ± 5.69 gm for T45) and regardless of the sex (226.72 ± 29.45 gm for T30) compared to 184.17 ± 3.11 gm and 214.55 ± 32.77 gm for the control group, respectively. In females, substitution at 30% increased body weight (253.80 ± 6.48 gm), while 45% induced a reduction (216.67 ± 6.49 gm) when compared to the control group value (244.92 ± 6.07 gm). Carcass yield and the proportion of different parts were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. Liver proportions were significantly higher at 15% and 35% cricket meal incorporation compared to 45%. First songs and egg laying were recorded at 7 weeks with T15, which also led to improved egg laying performance compared to the other treatments. Ovaries were poorly developed in the T45 females compared to the other treatments. Conclusions: Cricket flour might be a good candidate as a locally available protein source to substitute fish meal in the Japanese quail’s diet at the finisher and reproductive stages, and the level of 30% seems to be more efficient. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(2): 310–322, June 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i598

Objective: Quail production is ranked as an important alternative animal protein source in Cameroon. One of the main constraints of this production is the quality of feed, which lacks pro¬tein that is regularly supplied by fish meal. To avoid disagreements due to the constant shortage of fish meal, alternative protein sources are needed, and among them are crickets (Acheta domes¬ticus). The goal of this study was to find out how well Japanese quails could be raised if fish meal was replaced with cricket meal. Materials and Methods: A total of 192, 4-week-old quails were divided into 12 similar sets of 8 females and 8 males. The Four experimental diets (T00, T15, T30, and T45) were all formulated based on the level (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively) of fish meal substitution with cricket meal in the basal diet (crude protein: 20.18% and ME: 3,013.78 kcal/kg) and randomly assigned to three sets in a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments each repeated three times. Growth, carcass, and some reproduction parameters were collected. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Cricket meal diets increased body weight in males (204.32 ± 5.69 gm for T45) and regard¬less of the sex (226.72 ± 29.45 gm for T30) compared to 184.17 ± 3.11 gm and 214.55 ± 32.77 gm for the control group, respectively. In females, substitution at 30% increased body weight (253.80 ± 6.48 gm), while 45% induced a reduction (216.67 ± 6.49 gm) when compared to the control group value (244.92 ± 6.07 gm). Carcass yield and the proportion of different parts were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. Liver proportions were significantly higher at 15% and 35% cricket meal incorporation compared to 45%. First songs and egg laying were recorded at 7 weeks with T15, which also led to improved egg laying performance compared to the other treatments. Ovaries were poorly developed in the T45 females compared to the other treatments. Conclusions: Cricket flour might be a good candidate as a locally available protein source to sub¬stitute fish meal in the Japanese quail's diet at the finisher and reproductive stages, and the level of 30% seems to be more efficient. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(2.000): 310-322]

Objective: Quail production is ranked as an important alternative animal protein source in Cameroon. One of the main constraints of this production is the quality of feed, which lacks pro¬tein that is regularly supplied by fish meal. To avoid disagreements due to the constant shortage of fish meal, alternative protein sources are needed, and among them are crickets (Acheta domes¬ticus). The goal of this study was to find out how well Japanese quails could be raised if fish meal was replaced with cricket meal. Materials and Methods: A total of 192, 4-week-old quails were divided into 12 similar sets of 8 females and 8 males. The Four experimental diets (T00, T15, T30, and T45) were all formulated based on the level (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45%, respectively) of fish meal substitution with cricket meal in the basal diet (crude protein: 20.18% and ME: 3,013.78 kcal/kg) and randomly assigned to three sets in a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments each repeated three times. Growth, carcass, and some reproduction parameters were collected. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Cricket meal diets increased body weight in males (204.32 ± 5.69 gm for T45) and regard¬less of the sex (226.72 ± 29.45 gm for T30) compared to 184.17 ± 3.11 gm and 214.55 ± 32.77 gm for the control group, respectively. In females, substitution at 30% increased body weight (253.80 ± 6.48 gm), while 45% induced a reduction (216.67 ± 6.49 gm) when compared to the control group value (244.92 ± 6.07 gm). Carcass yield and the proportion of different parts were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. Liver proportions were significantly higher at 15% and 35% cricket meal incorporation compared to 45%. First songs and egg laying were recorded at 7 weeks with T15, which also led to improved egg laying performance compared to the other treatments. Ovaries were poorly developed in the T45 females compared to the other treatments. Conclusions: Cricket flour might be a good candidate as a locally available protein source to sub¬stitute fish meal in the Japanese quail's diet at the finisher and reproductive stages, and the level of 30% seems to be more efficient. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(2.000): 310-322]

Objective: The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an infectious disease that causes very high economic losses due to decreased livestock production and poultry deaths. The vaccine’s ineffectiveness due to mutation of the genetic structure of the virus impacts obstacles in controlling the disease, especially in some endemic areas. This study aimed to provide an alternative treatment for NDV infection by observing the viral replication inhibitor activity of Clostridium perfringens sialidase in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. Materials and Methods: The virus was adapted in CEF monolayer cells, then collected thrice using the freeze–thaw method and stored at −20°C for the next step in the challenge procedure. C. perfringens crude sialidase was obtained, but it was further purified via stepwise elution in ion exchange using Q Sepharose® Fast Flow and affinity chromatography with oxamic acid agarose. The purified sialidase was tested for its toxicity, ability to breakdown sialic acid, stopping viral replication, and how treated cells expressed their genes. Results: According to this study, purified C. perfringens sialidase at dosages of 187.5, 93.75, and 46.87 mU effectively hydrolyzes CEF cells’ sialic acid and significantly inhibits viral replication on the treated cells. However, sialidase dosages of 375 and 750 mU affected the viability of monolayer CEF cells. Interestingly, downregulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR7 (p < 0.05) in the sialidase-treated group indicates viral endocytosis failure. Conclusions: By stopping endocytosis and viral replication in host cells, sialidase from C. perfringens can be used as an alternative preventive treatment for NDV infection. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(2): 335–345, June 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i600

Objective: The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an infectious disease that causes very high eco¬nomic losses due to decreased livestock production and poultry deaths. The vaccine's ineffec¬tiveness due to mutation of the genetic structure of the virus impacts obstacles in controlling the disease, especially in some endemic areas. This study aimed to provide an alternative treatment for NDV infection by observing the viral replication inhibitor activity of Clostridium perfringens sialidase in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. Materials and Methods: The virus was adapted in CEF monolayer cells, then collected thrice using the freeze–thaw method and stored at −20°C for the next step in the challenge procedure. C. perfringens crude sialidase was obtained, but it was further purified via stepwise elution in ion exchange using Q Sepharose® Fast Flow and affinity chromatography with oxamic acid agarose. The purified sialidase was tested for its toxicity, ability to breakdown sialic acid, stopping viral replication, and how treated cells expressed their genes. Results: According to this study, purified C. perfringens sialidase at dosages of 187.5, 93.75, and 46.87 mU effectively hydrolyzes CEF cells' sialic acid and significantly inhibits viral replication on the treated cells. However, sialidase dosages of 375 and 750 mU affected the viability of mono¬layer CEF cells. Interestingly, downregulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR7 (p < 0.05) in the sialidase-treated group indicates viral endocytosis failure. Conclusions: By stopping endocytosis and viral replication in host cells, sialidase from C. perfrin¬gens can be used as an alternative preventive treatment for NDV infection. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(2.000): 335-345]

Objective: The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an infectious disease that causes very high eco¬nomic losses due to decreased livestock production and poultry deaths. The vaccine's ineffec¬tiveness due to mutation of the genetic structure of the virus impacts obstacles in controlling the disease, especially in some endemic areas. This study aimed to provide an alternative treatment for NDV infection by observing the viral replication inhibitor activity of Clostridium perfringens sialidase in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. Materials and Methods: The virus was adapted in CEF monolayer cells, then collected thrice using the freeze–thaw method and stored at −20&#xb0;C for the next step in the challenge procedure. C. perfringens crude sialidase was obtained, but it was further purified via stepwise elution in ion exchange using Q Sepharose® Fast Flow and affinity chromatography with oxamic acid agarose. The purified sialidase was tested for its toxicity, ability to breakdown sialic acid, stopping viral replication, and how treated cells expressed their genes. Results: According to this study, purified C. perfringens sialidase at dosages of 187.5, 93.75, and 46.87 mU effectively hydrolyzes CEF cells' sialic acid and significantly inhibits viral replication on the treated cells. However, sialidase dosages of 375 and 750 mU affected the viability of mono¬layer CEF cells. Interestingly, downregulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR7 (p < 0.05) in the sialidase-treated group indicates viral endocytosis failure. Conclusions: By stopping endocytosis and viral replication in host cells, sialidase from C. perfrin¬gens can be used as an alternative preventive treatment for NDV infection. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(2.000): 335-345]

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a computerized deep learning (DL) technique to identify bacterial genera more precisely in minimum time than the usual, traditional, and commonly used techniques like cultural, staining, and morphological characteristics. Materials and Methods: A convolutional neural network as a part of machine learning (ML) for bacterial genera identification methods was developed using python programming language and the Keras API with TensorFlow ML or DL framework to discriminate bacterial genera, e.g., Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Salmonella, and Corynebacterium. A total of 200 digital microscopic cell images comprising 40 of each of the genera mentioned above were used in this study. Results: The developed technique could identify and distinguish microscopic images of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Salmonella, and Corynebacterium with the highest accuracy of 92.20% for Staphylococcus and the lowest of 77.40% for Salmonella. Among the five epochs, the accuracy rate of bacterial genera identification of Staphylococcus was graded 1, and Streptococcus, Escherichia, Corynebacterium, and Salmonella as 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusion: The experimental results suggest using the DL method to predict bacterial genera included in this study. However, further improvement with more bacterial genera, especially of similar morphology, is necessary to make the technique widely used for bacterial genera identification. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 573–582, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i626

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a computerized deep learning (DL) technique to identify bacterial genera more precisely in minimum time than the usual, traditional, and commonly used techniques like cultural, staining, and morphological characteristics. Materials and Methods: A convolutional neural network as a part of machine learning (ML) for bacterial genera identification methods was developed using python programming language and the Keras API with TensorFlow ML or DL framework to discriminate bacterial genera, e.g., Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Salmonella, and Corynebacterium. A total of 200 dig¬ital microscopic cell images comprising 40 of each of the genera mentioned above were used in this study. Results: The developed technique could identify and distinguish microscopic images of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Salmonella, and Corynebacterium with the highest accuracy of 92.20% for Staphylococcus and the lowest of 77.40% for Salmonella. Among the five epochs, the accuracy rate of bacterial genera identification of Staphylococcus was graded 1, and Streptococcus, Escherichia, Corynebacterium, and Salmonella as 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusion: The experimental results suggest using the DL method to predict bacterial genera included in this study. However, further improvement with more bacterial genera, especially of similar morphology, is necessary to make the technique widely used for bacterial genera identification. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 573-582]

Objective: Melilotus officinalis is a plant that grows naturally in northwestern Morocco and could become a promising alternative. The study was carried out to investigate the effects of M. officinalis hay on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of goat kids in northern Morocco compared to Medicago sativa. Materials and Methods: Eighteen 3-month-old male “Beni Arouss” goat kids have been divided similarly into two groups. The control group (Luc) received lucerne hay, and the test group (YSClov) received yellow sweetclover hay, both supplemented with concentrate. Average daily gain and dry matter intake were determined during the experiment. After 99 days, goat kids were weighed, and carcass characteristics were determined. Meat quality was evaluated using samples from the semimembranosus (SM) and longissimus thoracis muscles. Results: The addition of YSClov significantly increased ash content (p &lt; 0.001) and fat content (p &lt; 0.01), reduced water holding capacity (p &lt; 0.01), and SM pH 24 (p &lt; 0.05). The YSClov meat was significantly more tender than the Luc meat, with corresponding values of 8.20 and 11.80 kg/ cm² (p &lt; 0.05), while the Luc meat was more tender when cooked. No significant effect was found for the other parameters. The YSClov meat is richer in desirable fatty acids (DFA), while the Luc meat appears to be richer in omega-3 DFA (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Melilotus officinalis hay showed promising results in intramuscular fat, protein content, tenderness, DFA content, and similar growth performance compared to conventional feeds. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 617–624, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i631

Objective: Melilotus officinalis is a plant that grows naturally in northwestern Morocco and could become a promising alternative. The study was carried out to investigate the effects of M. officinalis hay on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of goat kids in northern Morocco compared to Medicago sativa. Materials and Methods: Eighteen 3-month-old male &quot;Beni Arouss&quot; goat kids have been divided similarly into two groups. The control group (Luc) received lucerne hay, and the test group (YSClov) received yellow sweetclover hay, both supplemented with concentrate. Average daily gain and dry matter intake were determined during the experiment. After 99 days, goat kids were weighed, and carcass characteristics were determined. Meat quality was evaluated using samples from the semimembranosus (SM) and longissimus thoracis muscles. Results: The addition of YSClov significantly increased ash content (p &lt; 0.001) and fat content (p &lt; 0.01), reduced water holding capacity (p &lt; 0.01), and SM pH 24 (p &lt; 0.05). The YSClov meat was significantly more tender than the Luc meat, with corresponding values of 8.20 and 11.80 kg/ cm² (p &lt; 0.05), while the Luc meat was more tender when cooked. No significant effect was found for the other parameters. The YSClov meat is richer in desirable fatty acids (DFA), while the Luc meat appears to be richer in omega-3 DFA(p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Melilotus officinalis hay showed promising results in intramuscular fat, protein content, tenderness, DFA content, and similar growth performance compared to conventional feeds. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 617-624]

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effect of inoculants of different types and doses on the nutrient quality and in vitro digestibility of fermented rice bran. Materials and Methods: The study was designed using a completely randomized design with a 3 × 3-factorial pattern. The first factor was the type of inoculum, consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Effective Microorganism-4, and Saus Burger Pakan (SBP). The second factor is inoculum doses, which are as follows: levels 2%, 4%, and 6%. The variables measured included chemical composition, fiber fraction content, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Results: The results showed that the type of inoculation treatment and the doses of inoculation did not affect the dry matter (DM) content of fermented bran, and the organic matter content of fermented bran was only affected by the inoculation dose factor (p &lt; 0.05). The highest crude protein and Extract Ether (EE) were obtained in the SBP inoculants, which increased linearly with increasing inoculation doses (p &lt; 0.05). While a significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05) occurred in crude fiber content. The cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fractions were significantly lower in the SBP treatment as the dose increased. The SBP inoculant type produced the highest DMD (p &lt; 0.05) but showed a response that was not different from the SC inoculant treatment for OMD. Increasing inoculation doses of 2%, 4%, and 6% linearly increased the DMD and OMD of fermented bran (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, inoculant application on fermented bran showed an interaction effect except for the components of DM, EE, ADF, NDF, and DMD of fermented bran. Conclusions: It was concluded that the SBP at 6% and their combination resulted in the best chemical quality and digestibility of rice bran. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 625–633, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i632

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effect of inoculants of different types and doses on the nutrient quality and in vitro digestibility of fermented rice bran. Materials and Methods: The study was designed using a completely randomized design with a 3 × 3-factorial pattern. The first factor was the type of inoculum, consisting of Saccharomyces cerevi¬siae (SC), Effective Microorganism-4, and Saus Burger Pakan (SBP). The second factor is inoculum doses, which are as follows: levels 2%, 4%, and 6%. The variables measured included chemical composition, fiber fraction content, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Results: The results showed that the type of inoculation treatment and the doses of inoculation did not affect the dry matter (DM) content of fermented bran, and the organic matter content of fermented bran was only affected by the inoculation dose factor (p &lt; 0.05). The highest crude protein and Extract Ether (EE) were obtained in the SBP inoculants, which increased linearly with increasing inoculation doses (p &lt; 0.05). While a significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05) occurred in crude fiber content. The cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral deter¬gent fiber (NDF) fractions were significantly lower in the SBP treatment as the dose increased. The SBP inoculant type produced the highest DMD (p &lt; 0.05) but showed a response that was not different from the SC inoculant treatment for OMD. Increasing inoculation doses of 2%, 4%, and 6% linearly increased the DMD and OMD of fermented bran (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, inoculant application on fermented bran showed an interaction effect except for the components of DM, EE, ADF, NDF, and DMD of fermented bran. Conclusions: It was concluded that the SBP at 6% and their combination resulted in the best chemical quality and digestibility of rice bran. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 625-633]

Objectives: This study was designed to detect Riemerella anatipestifer through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from duck farming areas of the Mymensingh and Sylhet divisions and to determine the antibiogram profile of the PCR-positive isolates using the disc diffusion method. Materials and Methods: Fifty two samples were collected, comprising clinically sick (32 ducks) and dead ducks(20). PCR confirmation was accomplished, and consistent findings were observed, employing R. anatipestifer groEL (271-bp) gene as appropriate molecular markers. For further clarification, see R. anatipestifer specific PCR assay (546-bp) and gyrB-based PCR (162-bp) were also done. The disc diffusion method was followed for the antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates against commonly used antibiotics. Results: A total of 21 samples, 8 from clinically sick birds and 13 from dead birds, showed positive results in both conventional and molecular assays out of 52 samples. High occurrences were found in oropharyngeal swabs from sick ducks and the liver and heart from dead ducks. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that the isolates were 100% resistant to penicillin G, cefradine, streptomycin, neomycin, gentamycin, meropenem, and erythromycin, but 100% sensitive to cotrimoxazole, florfenicol, and levofloxacin. Conclusion: For diverse duck-populated areas in Bangladesh, this study shows the severity of R. anatipestifer infection among ducks. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 684–693, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i637

Objectives: This study was designed to detect Riemerella anatipestifer through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from duck farming areas of the Mymensingh and Sylhet divisions and to determine the antibiogram profile of the PCR-positive isolates using the disc diffusion method. Materials and Methods: Fifty two samples were collected, comprising clinically sick (32 ducks) and dead ducks (20). PCR confirmation was accomplished, and consistent findings were observed, employing R. anatipestifer groEL (271-bp) gene as appropriate molecular markers. For further clarification, see R. anatipestifer specific PCR assay (546-bp) and gyrB-based PCR (162-bp) were also done. The disc diffusion method was followed for the antibiotic susceptibility test of the iso¬lates against commonly used antibiotics. Results: A total of 21 samples, 8 from clinically sick birds and 13 from dead birds, showed positive results in both conventional and molecular assays out of 52 samples. High occurrences were found in oropharyngeal swabs from sick ducks and the liver and heart from dead ducks. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that the isolates were 100% resistant to penicillin G, cefradine, streptomycin, neomycin, gentamycin, meropenem, and erythromycin, but 100% sensitive to cotrimoxazole, florfenicol, and levofloxacin. Conclusion: For diverse duck-populated areas in Bangladesh, this study shows the severity of R. anatipestifer infection among ducks. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 684-693]

Objectives: The study aimed to determine how Nano-Methionine (Nano-Meth) affected growth, lipid metabolism, and relative gene expression for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1), myostatin (MSTN), and cholecystokinin (CCK) genes in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: 1) the control group received drinking water without any supplements, and 2) the Nano-Meth group received 10 ml/l of 5% Nano-Meth starting from 1 day old until 35 days old (the end of the experiment). Results: Nano-Meth improved final body weight, weight gains, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Compared to the control group, Nano-Meth significantly lowered the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in chickens. Nano-Meth significantly increased the serum levels of total protein, albumin, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose more than the control group. Nano-Meth lowered the mRNA gene expression of ACC, FAS, MSTN, and CCK but increased that of GHR and IGFR-1. Conclusions: We concluded that supplementation with Nano-Meth enhances growth performance and decreases lipid accumulation in broiler chickens. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 743–753, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i644

Objectives: The study aimed to determine how Nano-Methionine (Nano-Meth) affected growth, lipid metabolism, and relative gene expression for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid syn¬thase (FAS), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGFR-1), myo¬statin (MSTN), and cholecystokinin (CCK) genes in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: 1) the control group received drinking water without any supplements, and 2) the Nano-Meth group received 10 ml/l of 5% Nano-Meth starting from 1 day old until 35 days old (the end of the experiment). Results: Nano-Meth improved final body weight, weight gains, feed intake, and feed conver¬sion ratio. Compared to the control group, Nano-Meth significantly lowered the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in chickens. Nano-Meth significantly increased the serum levels of total protein, albumin, high-density lipo-protein, and glucose more than the control group. Nano-Meth lowered the mRNA gene expression of ACC, FAS, MSTN, and CCK but increased that of GHR and IGFR-1. Conclusions: We concluded that supplementation with Nano-Meth enhances growth performance and decreases lipid accumulation in broiler chickens. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 743-753]

Objective: Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic infection in Saudi Arabia, including Jazan Province, and epidemiological reports about this disease are limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding brucellosis among the general population of Jazan Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted using a pretested questionnaire that assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward Brucellosis. The calculated sample size was 384, and 1,055 participants were included representing various genders, ages, and levels of education. Data were collected between March and April 2022 and analyzed using descriptive, chi-square, and t-test analyses. Results: Only 50% of the included participants have heard about Brucellosis. Among those who had heard about Brucellosis, 70% had a good knowledge about Brucellosis and that was significantly associated with male gender, being healthcare workers (HCWs), and having a higher level of education. Participants who directly involved in animal care represented 9%, and attitudes and practices regarding brucellosis were varied from average to unsatisfactory. This variation was significantly affected by the level of knowledge. Conclusion: About 50% of the general population of Jazan Province had never heard about Brucellosis, in a region found prevalent for this disease. Good knowledge was recorded in 70% of those who were aware of Brucellosis, which was significantly associated with the male sex, job as being HCW, and having a higher level of education. These results necessitate public awareness campaign activities to improve knowledge and practices, especially among women, the younger generation, and individuals with limited educational backgrounds. This action could reduce the burden of the disease. &nbsp; J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 9(4): 761–769, December 2022 http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2022.i646

Objective: Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic infection in Saudi Arabia, including Jazan Province, and epidemiological reports about this disease are limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding brucellosis among the general population of Jazan Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted using a pretested questionnaire that assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward Brucellosis. The calculated sample size was 384, and 1,055 participants were included representing various genders, ages, and levels of education. Data were collected between March and April 2022 and analyzed using descriptive, chi-square, and t-test analyses. Results: Only 50% of the included participants have heard about Brucellosis. Among those who had heard about Brucellosis, 70% had a good knowledge about Brucellosis and that was significantly associated with male gender, being healthcare workers (HCWs), and having a higher level of education. Participants who directly involved in animal care represented 9%, and attitudes and practices regarding brucellosis were varied from average to unsatisfactory. This variation was significantly affected by the level of knowledge. Conclusion: About 50% of the general population of Jazan Province had never heard about Brucellosis, in a region found prevalent for this disease. Good knowledge was recorded in 70% of those who were aware of Brucellosis, which was significantly associated with the male sex, job as being HCW, and having a higher level of education. These results necessitate public awareness campaign activities to improve knowledge and practices, especially among women, the younger generation, and individuals with limited educational backgrounds. This action could reduce the burden of the disease. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9(4.000): 761-769]