The study was conducted in Udaipur district of Rajasthan state selected purposely keeping in view of the fact that the district has highest population of  livestock in southern Rajasthan. A sample of 120 respondents was selected for the present study. The results indicated that a majority of farmers had medium level of Coordinating ability. Half (50%) of the small dairy farmers were found to have medium level of Planning ability while majority of medium category of dairy farmers had medium level of decision-making ability whereas in case of large farmer’s category, 58.82% of them exhibited high level of risk of dairy farming enterprise. The correlation analysis revealed the independent variables viz age, education, annual income, training, occupation, scientific orientation, extension and mass media were positively and significantly correlated with farmer’s Coordinating ability. However,  education, training, annual income, economic motivation, scientific orientation, market orientation, mass media were found to have positively and significant correlation with Planning ability of the respondents. The determinants, training, occupation, extension, annual income, mass media, economic motivation and scientific orientation were important variables which influenced Coordinating ability and Planning ability of dairy entrepreneurs.

An adult Nellore brown sheep was presented to Veterinary hospital with a history of swollen unilateral protrusion of left eyeball with congestion of conjunctival mucous membrane, exophthalmos condition since 5-6weeks. Clinical examination revealed blindness due to chronic keratitis and on palpation found a large fluid filled cyst in the left eye. With the surgical intervention the cyst was removed successfully along with its membrane from the retrobulbar region of the left eye and on parasitological examination it was diagnosed as Coenurus gaigeri cyst. Surgical intervention-involved treatment coupled with antibiotic therapy was proven to be an efficient way of managing retrobulbar coenurus cases.

The total meat production in India is 9.29 million out of which 4.78 million tonnes is from poultry and the growth of poultry meat sector has increased by 6.86 % over previous year. The growth rate of backyard poultry population from 2012 to 2019 (45.79 %) is ten times higher than when compared to commercial poultry (4.50 %) (BAHS, 2022). The native chickens are slowly growing in nature and are preferred for better flavor and for the belief that natural, less intensive management systems provide desi birds with higher welfare levels, resulting in much better product quality and great demand. The meat from native chicken is more delicious and provides nutritional security and economic support for the rural and most suited for backyard system of rearing. The aim is to study the carcass traits of available native chicken in India and compare it with native chicken at Hosur. The carcass characteristic of the native chicken variety at Hosur was evaluated by sacrificing 25 birds of each sex at 16 weeks of age. The observed results were compared with the performances of other varieties of native chicken in India with respect to the parameters like New York dressing yield, eviscerated yield, Ready to cook yield, cut-up parts yield, Meat bone ratio and Giblets yield at each sex of the bird at different age of slaughter especially at 16 weeks of age. It helps to identify the variety of native chicken which had good carcass traits and could be utilized for table delicacy.

The present study was conducted to study the effect of maize (Zea mays) cob on replacing paddy straw in the Total Mixed Ration (TMR). Twelve cross bred calves of about 5 to 8 months of age with body weight ranging from 41 to 79 kg were divided into two groups of six each in completely randomized design. Five complete diets were prepared (TMR1 to TMR5) using maize cobs at the level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement of paddy straw in the diets containing 12 % CP and 60 % TDN of 50:50 concentrate to roughage ratio. There was significant (P<0.01) differences among the diets in OM, CF, NFE, TA, AIA, NDF, ADF, Lignin, Hemicellulose and Cellulose contents. In vitro rumen fermentation study showed significantly (P<0.01) higher total gas (ml/200 mg/48 h), in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability in maize cob based ration than paddy straw contained ration (51.17 vs 36.00; 62.87 vs 57.25; 64.80 vs 59.93). Paddy straw (100%) based diet as control ration and maize cob (100 % replacement of paddy straw) based diet as treatment ration fed to growing calves for sixty days in growth trial. A seven day digestion trial was conducted in the middle of the experiment. The digestibility (%) of DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the maize cob based diet fed group than paddy straw based diet fed group. The average body weight gain (kg) and FCR (kg DMI/ kg gain) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in maize cob fed animals (19.47; 6.10) than paddy straw fed animals (16.02; 7.34). The feed cost per unit of weight gain in calves fed paddy straw based diet was numerically higher (30.78 %) than calves fed on maize cob based ration. It could be concluded that maize cob based ration could replace paddy straw at 100 % level in total mixed ration without affecting feed intake and nutrient digestibility and may also improve the body weight gain and reduce feed cost in growing calves.

The calves presented with abdominal affections requiring surgical interventions were randomly divided into group I and group II with seven animals in each group.  All the animals were premedicated with dexmedetomidine at 2 µg/kg body weight, pentazocine at 1 mg/kg body weight and midazolam at 0.2 mg/kg body weight intravenously. In group I and group II, anaesthetic induction was carried out with propofol at 2 mg/kg body weight and etomidate at 0.25 mg/kg body weight intravenously, respectively. Both the groups were maintained in Isoflurane anaesthesia with modified oro-endotracheal tube. The cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored during different stages of anaesthesia in both the groups. In both the groups, a significant decrease in heart rate was noticed after premedication and anaesthetic induction. A Significant increase was noticed in systolic blood pressure values after anaesthetic induction and 10th minute of anaesthesia in group I and a highly significant increase was noticed after induction up to 10 minutes in group II.  A highly significant increase in diastolic blood pressure was noticed after induction and 10th minute in group I, whereas significant increase was noticed in mean arterial pressure after induction and 15th minute of anaesthesia in group II animals. The cardiovascular parameters recorded in the present study concluded etomidate produced better cardiovascular stability and minimal respiratory depression compared to propofol throughout the anaesthetic period.

A case of fetal mummification among one of the quadruplet kids was reported in a fourth parity Kanni adu doe.

A three-month-old female New Zealand White Rabbit, weighing about 1.4 kg was brought to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli with ahistory of intense pruritis and alopecia all over the body. Clinical observation revealed crusty lesions on the nose,ear margin and toes. Microscopic examination of the deep skin scraping revealed the presence of Psoroptes cuniculi mite. The rabbit was treated with an injection Ivermectin @ 0.4 mg/kg sub-cutaneous and an injection of Chlorpheniramine maleate @ 0.4 mg/kg intramuscular and further advised the owner to give HITEK® oral solution (Ivermectin) @ 0.4 mg/kg PO once a week and Benzyl benzoate I.P. solution topically daily for a continuous period of one month along with multivitamin supplementation (Multistar pet®) @ 2 ml PO BID. The rabbit recovered successfully without any drug side effects (Tandem usage of ivermectin and Benzyl Benzoate).

To improve the production performance of white Guinea fowl, selective breeding was carried out continuously for six generation. A total 1000 Guinea fowl hatching eggs were procured from various government institutions and private entrepreneurs, and subsequently keets were hatched out and base population was created. The production traits were given due importance during selective breeding for six generations to improve both body weight and egg production. The traits such as hatch weight 4th, 8th, 12th,16th and 24 week body weight (g), FCR, livability, age at sexual maturity (days), Hen – Day Egg Production (HDEP) and Hen - Housed Egg Production (HHEP), annual egg number, egg weight (g), adult livability, total and fertile hatchability (%) were studied in all six generations. The day-old chick weight of all six generations ranged from 26.46 to 28.10 g. The 4th and 8th week mean body weight of the first generation white Guinea fowl was 180.85g and 481.69 g respectively, which increased to 220.95 g and 494.13 g, respectively in 6th generation. Similarly, the 12th and 16th week body weights in 1st generation increased from 767.12 g to 805.29 g and 951.04 g to 1079.15 g, respectively, at 6th generation. The linear regression analysis of 4th and 8th week body weight over generations revealed significant increment of 7.59 g and 7.72 g, respectively, per generation. Similarly, the 12th and 24th week body weight in each generation had a positive change with high degree of goodness of fit. The 12 and 16th week FCR showed a positive change of high magnitude over generations. The hen day and hen housed egg production (29-51 weeks) from 1st generation to 6th generation increased from 39.26 to 40.55 % and 37.53 to 38.83 %, respectively, during the course of selection. The total and fertile egg hatchability also showed marked changes due to selection with values varying from 49.52 to 53.14 % and 71.37 to 72.38 % across the generations. This study concluded that the multi stage short-term selection can improve both body weight and egg production in white Guinea fowl.  

The prevalence of haemoparasites in dogs in different regions of Andhra Pradesh was presented in this study. The overall prevalence of haemoparasitic infection was 35.0 and 48.23 per cent in Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra regions, respectively. Statistically, there was no significant (P>0.05) relationship between the region and prevalence of haemoparasites in dogs. Infection with single haemoparasite and co-infection with more than one haemoparasites was non-significantly higher (32.62% and 15.60%, respectively) in dogs of Coastal Andhra than in Rayalaseema region (27.50% and 7.50%, respectively). The prevalence of Babesia spp., Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis was non-significantly (P>0.05) high in Coastal Andhra than in Rayalaseema region. Among three species identified Babesia spp. were the most prevalent species in dogs in two regions. Co-infection with Babesia spp. and E. canis (10.06%; P>0.05) was more frequently observed in dogs in Coastal Andhra region than in dogs of Rayalaseema region (6.25 %). 

The present study aimed to develop and standardize RTD dal payasam prepared with coconut milk by replacing bovine milk by cooking dal (moong dal/ split yellow lentils) in coconut milk with added nuts, sugar and shredded coconut. The product was prepared with total solids of 22-23% as per commercial purpose. Three different trials (P1, P2 and P3) with varying quantities of dal (150g, 200g and 250g), jaggery (250g, 150g and 200g) and coconut milk of 200ml (based on preliminary study) was studied. The optimized dal payasam was filled in cans and retort processed at 121.1ºC and overpressure of 1.29 bar with steam pressure of 1 bar. Lethality time (F0) of 16.7 min and Total Process Time of 34.2 to 38.7 min was calculated by predictive thermal process modeling. Sensory evaluation of P1, P2 and P3 concluded that P3 with 250g moong dal, 200g jaggery, 200 ml coconut milk was highly preferred by sensory panelists. The finalized trial was further studied for its physico-chemical properties for 60 days at refrigerated (4±2ºC) and room temperature (25±2ºC). The study concluded that retort processed Ready-to-Drink dal payasam packed in cans was safe to consume upto 60 days of storage.