The present study assigns the effect of neuroectomy to bone healing of experimentally induce bone fracture in 3rd metacarpal bone ,in donkeys by macroscopic, radiographic and evaluation of mineral levels(ca,p). Sixteen donkeys of male sex with the age 1.5- 2 years, weighting 125-150 kg. were used for this study. These animals were healthy clinically. The donkeys were divided randomly into two groups( non- neuroectomized and neuroectomized) eight donkeys each group. The animals anaesthetized with xylazine Hcl at dose 0.5 mg/kg. B.W., then injectable Ketamine Hcl at the dose 3 mg/kg B.W.which administered intravenously. The animals of non- neuroectomized group, induced one fracture at the mid of the shift of 3rd metacarpal bone. Evaluated with clinical signs macroscopical, estimation of level of mineral and radiographic examination. Gross examination swelling in the site of fracture and lameness. The callus formation shows in radiographic examination.The calcium concentration was highly significant increase after 30th and 60th days , which the phosphorus level increase after 30th days and then s decrease at 60th days

This study was performed to detect the antibodies against the virus-infectionassociated antigen (VIAA) in previously diseased sheep in Basra. The test is valuablein epizootiological surveys because only infected animals with foot and mouth diseasevirus will give positive reaction.Seventy five sheep sera were re-tested by AGID test to VIA antibodies from241 sheep sera examined by ELISA-VIAA test, collected from 13 suspicious infectedsheep flocks with FMD from two areas in Basra.It was found -by AGID test that 56% of the total positive tested sheep sera toELISA build specific VIA antibodies against FMD virus, and that 96% of the negativeELISA samples were negative to AGID test.The results indicated that ELISA technique was more sensitive than AGIDtechnique

The present study was carried out to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in freshwater crab (Potamon mesopotamicum) in Tigris at North of Qurna, as well as their antibiotic resistance. A total of 21 bacterial isolates consisting three bacterial species were isolated from freshwater crab, P. aeroginosa, E. coli, A. hydrophila kanamycin was found to be effective against all the bacterial isolated whilst the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance was shown beyond to Lincomycin (76.4%) followed by ampicilin(66.14%), Erythromycin(57.3%).

This study performed in twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats for (90) days which divided randomly into four equal groups. Group (1): received normal saline daily. Group (2): received orally codeine-paracetamol(40/2500 mg / kg b.w) daily. Group (3): received orally codeine-paracetamol (80/5000 mg / kg b.w)daily. Group (4): received orally codeine- paracetamol (160 /10000 mg / kg b.w) daily. After end of day (90) of study all animals were sacrificed to do the histopathological and biochemical examinations. The statistical analysis results revealed the body weight effects of codeine-paracetamol toxicity a significant (P≤0.05) decreases of treated group after (90) days of treatment. The histopathological investigation of liver, kidney and brain of treated groups showed centrolobular necrosis, dilation of sinusoids, vaculation of hepatocytes and septal fibrosis of liver while kidney showed vaculation of mesengial cells of glomeruli, necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and dilation of renal cortical tubules, also brain of treated group showed vaculation of neurons, these changes are appeared mild in group (2), moderated in group (3) and sever in group (4). The statistical analysis results of biochemical investigations of liver and kidney function tests showed a significant (P≤0.05) increases of levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin and creatinine respectively in all treated groups which these enzymes increased mildly in group (2), moderately in group (3) and severely in group (4).

This study was carried out in Veterinary Medicine College / University of Basrah to investigate the effect of Bisphenol A on thyroid, liver and testicular functions. A total of 24 adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, six animals in each group. Animal of group (1) served as control and received a daily oral administration of corn oil throughout the experimental protocol. Animals of group 2, 3 and 4 were administered orally 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of BPA respectively dissolved in corn oil, the experiment extended for 30 days. The results of the present study showed a significant decrease in serum thyroxin (T4) concentration and a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) concentration in bisphenol A treated groups. A significant decrease in serum testosterone and LH concentrations in all BPA-treated groups compared with control. On other hand non significant decrease in serum concentrations of FSH were observed in BPA-treated groups compared with control. A significant decrease in epididymal sperm count and sperms motility in all BPA treated groups. However no significant differences were noted in sperms viability between all BPA treatment groups and control. Histopathological changes were found in thyroid glands of male rats with different doses of BPA, also central vein dilation, enlarged nuclei, vacuolation of hepatocytes were observed in the liver of BPA treated groups and different degrees of histological changes include depression of spermatogenesis, decrease of leydig cells in dose dependent manner were found in testicular tissues of BPA treated groups.

This Study was conducted in animal house in Faculty of veterinary medicine of university of kufa. This study was designated to assess the neuropathy of Organophosphorus pesticide (Methomyl) after long–term administration of low dose in Rock pigeons. The Clinical signs, gross lesions and histopathological assessment of nervous tissue were described. A total of 20 pigeons, 3months old and about 500g average body weight pigeons were used in this study. The pigeons were equally divided in to tow groups. The dose was calculated based on study at close pilot at 0.02 ml and gradually lose the dose down to the toxic non-lethal dose. The toxic dose was 0.01 ml. One group was daily administered via oral gavages with 0.01 ml of methomyl; for 21 days where as the other group were leave control without administration. Organophosphorus pesticide treated groups exhibited both muscarinic and nicotinic signs of toxicity.

The present study was conducted at the Animal Farm/ College of Agriculture/ University of Basrah during the period from 2/12/2012 to 2/3/2013. The study included 24 milking ewes aged around 2-4 years, having single lamb, closely lambing date and weighted 42 kg. After giving the ewes preliminary period of 10 days, they were distributed randomly and equally to six feeding groups. The first group was fed 60% concentrate and 40% roughages; soya bean meal was treated by formaldehyde. The second group was fed 60% concentrate and 40% roughages with untreated soya bean meal. The third group was fed 50% concentrate and 50% roughages with treated soya bean meal. The fourth group was fed 50% concentrate and 50% roughages with untreated soya bean meal. The fifth group was fed 40% concentrate and 60% roughages with treated soya bean meal. The sixth group was fed 40% concentrate and 60% roughages with untreated soya bean meal (control). The ration was given as 4% of live body weight. The concentrate consisted of 40% barley, 20% corn, 30% wheat bran, 7% soya bean meal, 1% salt and 2% Calcium bicarbonate. Roughage was wheat straw treated with 4% urea and 3kg/ton yeast. Treated soya bean meal reduced degradable protein from 70% to 60%. There were no significant differences among feeding groups in pH, total bacteria and cellolytic bacteria before feeding. However, the differences reached significant level (P

Tenotomized Achilles tendon Rabbits were used to investigate the effect of lowintensity pulsed ultrasound (LPUS) to accelerate the repair of injured tendon. The medial Achilles tendons of 18 local breed male rabbits were transected of all animals without suture, and bandaging was performed to immobilization the injured limb. Nine animals were chosen randomly to receive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, the other 9 animals served as control. pulsating ultrasound with intensities 500 mW/cm2 and frequency 2.5 MHz were given over the healing tendons for 10 minute daily, using a gel as the coupling agent between the ultrasound probe and the skin. The healing tendons were evaluated clinically, macroscopically and microscopically for three periods at 7, 14 and 21 days respectively after tenotomy, three rabbits for each period. In the ultrasound-treated group at 14 and 21 days postoperatively, the macroscopic and histological studies demonstrated that the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhanced the healing of tendomize Achilles tendon. The ultrasound treated group showed more mature organization at all end points of injured tendons compared

The aim of study is provide basic data about the histological features of the liver of local Iraqi ducks and to study the glycogen content in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. The anatomical examination showed that liver laid cranial part of the abdominal cavity caudally and ventrally to the heart and associated to the gizzard. The liver of Mallard is divided into two undivided lobes right and left lobes (the right lobe is larger than left lobe). Histological examination revealed that the liver consist of several lobules separated from each other by thin trabeculae of connective tissue extend from delicate capsule that enclosed the liver. The basic unit of the parenchyma of liver is hepatocyte which arranged in plates or cords like that radiated around the central vein and between these cords there is sinusoids lined by alayer of fenestrated endothelial cells and Kupffer's cells. In the boundary of each lobule showed portal area which consist of hepatic artery; hepatic vein and bile duct lining by cuboidal cells. The histochemical study showed formed differ size of glycogen granules in cytoplasm of hepatocytes and in some speciment the glycogen large granules arranged around the central vein because the bird in starvation period .the liver of Mallard generally is closely similar to the liver of another avian birds and vertebrates

In recent years, pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives attracted organic chemists due to their widespread potential biological and chemotherapeutic activities. In this study, pyrimidine derivative namely 6-Chloro-2,4-diamino pyrimidine was screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cerius, Streptococcus spp, Klebsella- spp and salmonella spp and fungicidal activity against Aspergillus multi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. A compound exhibited low antibacterial and antifungal activity with the reference standard Streptomycin, Vancomycin and Nystatin respectively. The toxicity of the compound was also assayed via the determination of their LD50 value by using Dixon , s up and down method (1980). Studied compound was found to have an LD50 of 518.6 mg / kg of body weight.