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Detection of Dinophysis species and associated okadaic acid in farmed shellfish: a two-year study from the western Mediterranean area Texto completo
2018
Bazzoni Anna Maria | Mudadu Alessandro G. | Lorenzoni Giuseppa | Soro Barbara | Bardino Nadia | Arras Igor | Sanna Giovanna | Vodret Bruna | Bazzardi Riccardo | Marongiu Edoardo | Virgilio Sebastiano
Diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), an alimentary intoxication known to lead to intestinal symptoms, and caused by toxins produced by some dinoflagellates (including several Dinophysis), represents a serious threat to public health. The aim of this paper was to provide information about the occurrence and abundance of potentially toxic harmful algal species causing DSP, and the associated concentration of okadaic acid (OA) toxins. The departing assumption was that in the study area there was an increase in the presence both of Dinophysis species and OA and its derivates that could result in a risk to the health of seafood consumers.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Ready-to-eat meat products as a source of Listeria monocytogenes Texto completo
2018
Kurpas Monika | Wieczorek Kinga | Osek Jacek
Ready-to-eat meat products as a source of Listeria monocytogenes Texto completo
2018
Kurpas Monika | Wieczorek Kinga | Osek Jacek
In 2015 in the European Union member states listeriosis caused 270 deaths. Food is the route of transmission in 99% of all human infection cases. Several studies from different countries have shown that the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in food can be as high as 58.3%. One of the most important ways to protect food from these microorganisms is to prevent the spread of the bacteria at processing plants at different stages of food production chain. The ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in extreme conditions and to form biofilms on various surfaces is a significant challenge for food safety. Removal of these bacteria from niches in processing plants is difficult and requires the use of sanitisers and precise equipment cleaning. The presence of L. monocytogenes in processing environment at slaughterhouses, deli meat factories or in retail may be a reason of cross-contamination. Proper hygienic systems applied by workers in food preparing places and knowledge about different routes of spreading of these bacteria may effectively decrease the risk of food contamination. Standardised legal regulations and control of meat product manufacture should be a fundamental way to protect food from L. monocytogenes contamination.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Ready-to-eat meat products as a source of Listeria monocytogenes Texto completo
2018
Kurpas, Monika | Wieczorek, Kinga | Osek, Jacek
In 2015 in the European Union member states listeriosis caused 270 deaths. Food is the route of transmission in 99% of all human infection cases. Several studies from different countries have shown that the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in food can be as high as 58.3%. One of the most important ways to protect food from these microorganisms is to prevent the spread of the bacteria at processing plants at different stages of food production chain. The ability of L. monocytogenes to survive in extreme conditions and to form biofilms on various surfaces is a significant challenge for food safety. Removal of these bacteria from niches in processing plants is difficult and requires the use of sanitisers and precise equipment cleaning. The presence of L. monocytogenes in processing environment at slaughterhouses, deli meat factories or in retail may be a reason of cross-contamination. Proper hygienic systems applied by workers in food preparing places and knowledge about different routes of spreading of these bacteria may effectively decrease the risk of food contamination. Standardised legal regulations and control of meat product manufacture should be a fundamental way to protect food from L. monocytogenes contamination.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Study on Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Echinococcus granulosus infection in veterinarians from Poland Texto completo
2018
Wójcik-Fatla Angelina | Sroka Jacek | Zając Violetta | Zwoliński Jacek | Sawczyn-Domańska Anna | Kloc Anna | Bilska-Zając Ewa | Chmura Robert | Dutkiewicz Jacek
Study on Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Echinococcus granulosus infection in veterinarians from Poland Texto completo
2018
Wójcik-Fatla Angelina | Sroka Jacek | Zając Violetta | Zwoliński Jacek | Sawczyn-Domańska Anna | Kloc Anna | Bilska-Zając Ewa | Chmura Robert | Dutkiewicz Jacek
Introduction: Exposure to zoonotic factors in veterinary practice is closely related to the nature of the work. The main aim of the study was to determine the risk of selected zoonotic infections among the occupational group of veterinarians in Poland.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Study on Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Echinococcus granulosus infection in veterinarians from Poland Texto completo
2018
Wójcik-Fatla, Angelina | Sroka, Jacek | Zając, Violetta | Zwoliński, Jacek | Sawczyn-Domańska, Anna | Kloc, Anna | Bilska-Zając, Ewa | Chmura, Robert | Dutkiewicz, Jacek
Introduction: Exposure to zoonotic factors in veterinary practice is closely related to the nature of the work. The main aim of the study was to determine the risk of selected zoonotic infections among the occupational group of veterinarians in Poland. Material and Methods: Blood samples of 373 veterinarians (162 males and 211 females) from 12 provinces of Poland were collected by the venipuncture of a forearm for serological tests. Commercial immunoenzymatic tests (ELISA) were used for detection of specific IgG antibodies to Echinococcus granulosus, IgM and IgG to Leptospira spp., and IgM, IgA, and I and II phase IgG to Coxiella burnetii. Enzyme-linked fluorescence assays (ELFA) were used to detect IgM and IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Results: Positive results were found in 209 (56.0%) veterinarians for at least one of the examined diseases. The overall proportion of participants found to have specific Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the IgM and/or IgG assays amounted to 44.5%. The presence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies was found in 16 (4.3%) subjects, while Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 63 (16.9%) veterinarians. Among the 373 veterinarians examined, no Echinococcus granulosus antibodies were found. Conclusion: Results of the study seem to indicate a slightly elevated risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection and a moderate risk of infection with Leptospira spp. and Coxiella burnetii in veterinarians.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Early cytokine response after vaccination with Coxiella burnetii phase I in an infected herd of dairy cattle Texto completo
2018
Małaczewska Joanna | Kaczorek-Łukowska Edyta | Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Rękawek Wojciech | Wójcik Roman | Niemczuk Krzysztof | Siwicki Andrzej Krzysztof
Early cytokine response after vaccination with Coxiella burnetii phase I in an infected herd of dairy cattle Texto completo
2018
Małaczewska Joanna | Kaczorek-Łukowska Edyta | Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Rękawek Wojciech | Wójcik Roman | Niemczuk Krzysztof | Siwicki Andrzej Krzysztof
Introduction:Coxiella (C.) burnetii, the aetiological agent of Q fever, is able to modulate the macrophage/T-lymphocyte axis in an infected organism and impair synthesis of monokines and lymphokines.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Early cytokine response after vaccination with Coxiella burnetii phase I in an infected herd of dairy cattle Texto completo
2018
Małaczewska, Joanna | Kaczorek-Łukowska, Edyta | Szymańska-Czerwińska, Monika | Rękawek, Wojciech | Wójcik, Roman | Niemczuk, Krzysztof | Siwicki, Andrzej Krzysztof
Introduction: Coxiella (C.) burnetii, the aetiological agent of Q fever, is able to modulate the macrophage/T-lymphocyte axis in an infected organism and impair synthesis of monokines and lymphokines. Material and Methods: The purpose of this research was to determine the levels of the cytokines that play a key role in the response to C. burnetii antigens (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α) in the serum of animals originating from an infected herd prior to vaccination (day 0) and at 1, 7, and 21 days afterwards. Results: The vaccination of animals did not affect the production of IL-6, IL-1β, or IL-2. The serum levels of these cytokines were too low to measure in most of the samples. The initial levels of TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-10 were higher in seropositive than in seronegative animals, although significant differences between seropositive shedders and seropositive nonshedders appeared only in the levels of IFNγ and IL-10. Additionally, the course of the post-vaccination response concerning these two cytokines was different among seronegative nonshedders, seropositive nonshedders, and seropositive shedders. Conclusion: It seems that analysis of the IFNγ and IL-10 concentrations in animal blood serum may have some practical value in an assessment of the health status of seropositive animals and post-vaccination response.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Lack of association between Epstein–Barr virus and mammary tumours in dogs Texto completo
2018
Roa López Gustavo A. | Suárez Jhon Jairo | Barato Paola | García Noel Verján
Lack of association between Epstein–Barr virus and mammary tumours in dogs Texto completo
2018
Roa López Gustavo A. | Suárez Jhon Jairo | Barato Paola | García Noel Verján
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus associated with various neoplasms in humans and is a probable aetiological agent in breast cancer; however, a causal relationship has not yet been established. Because of the epidemiological and clinicopathological similarities between breast cancer and canine mammary tumours, dogs have been proposed as a valid model for breast cancer.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Lack of association between Epstein–Barr virus and mammary tumours in dogs Texto completo
2018
Roa López, Gustavo A. | Suárez, Jhon Jairo | Barato, Paola | García, Noel Verján
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus associated with various neoplasms in humans and is a probable aetiological agent in breast cancer; however, a causal relationship has not yet been established. Because of the epidemiological and clinicopathological similarities between breast cancer and canine mammary tumours, dogs have been proposed as a valid model for breast cancer. A total of 47 canine mammary gland tumour tissues were processed by routine histopathological technique with haematoxylin-eosin staining and classified according to the type of neoplasm. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues and the EBNA-1 gene and the BamHI-W region specific for EBV were evaluated by nested PCR. The histopathological evaluation revealed 2 benign neoplasms, and many carcinomas: 2 in situ, 9 simple, 3 solid, 10 complex, and 21 mixed. One sample was positive for the EBNA-1 gene, while all were negative for the BamHI-W region. No association was found between EBV and mammary tumours in dogs. However, here we report for the first time the presence of an EBV gene sequence in a canine mammary tumour. It is likely that detection of EBV might be affected by the quality and quantity of DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues. Additional studies are necessary to establish any association of EBV with mammary gland cancer in humans and in dogs, which could eventually lead to better public health prevention and control.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Plasma concentration of norepinephrine, β-endorphin, and substance P in lame dairy cows Texto completo
2018
Rodriguez Alfredo Rosamel | Herzberg Daniel Eduardo | Werner Marianne Patricia | Müller Heine Yacob | Bustamante Hedie Almagro
Plasma concentration of norepinephrine, β-endorphin, and substance P in lame dairy cows Texto completo
2018
Rodriguez Alfredo Rosamel | Herzberg Daniel Eduardo | Werner Marianne Patricia | Müller Heine Yacob | Bustamante Hedie Almagro
Lameness is a painful and debilitating condition that affects dairy cows worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of norepinephrine, β-endorphin, and substance P in dairy cows with lameness and different mobility scores (MS).
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Plasma concentration of norepinephrine, β-endorphin, and substance P in lame dairy cows Texto completo
2018
Rodriguez, Alfredo Rosamel | Herzberg, Daniel Eduardo | Werner, Marianne Patricia | Müller, Heine Yacob | Bustamante, Hedie Almagro
Lameness is a painful and debilitating condition that affects dairy cows worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of norepinephrine, β-endorphin, and substance P in dairy cows with lameness and different mobility scores (MS). A total of 100 Friesian and Jersey cows with lameness (parity range: 1–6; weight: 400–500 kg; milk yield: 22–28 L a day, and lactation stage less than 230 days) were selected. Animals were selected and grouped according to MS (MS 0–3; n = 25), and plasma concentration of norepinephrine, substance P, and β-endorphin was measured using ELISA. Cows with MS 3 had higher plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and substance P and lower plasma concentrations of β-endorphins when compared to MS 0 cows. Variations in plasma concentration of norepinephrine, substance P, and β-endorphin could be associated with intense pain states in dairy cows with lameness, but are insufficient to differentiate these states from the mildest pain states. Further studies are necessary in order to evaluate the potential use of these biomarkers in the detection of chronic bovine painful conditions.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Avian reticuloendotheliosis in chickens – an update on disease occurrence and clinical course Texto completo
2018
Woźniakowski Grzegorz | Frant Maciej | Mamczur Andrzej
Avian reticuloendotheliosis in chickens – an update on disease occurrence and clinical course Texto completo
2018
Woźniakowski Grzegorz | Frant Maciej | Mamczur Andrzej
Avian reticuloendotheliosis (RE) represents an important immunosuppressive disease of poultry. The occurrence of RE in both chickens and turkeys has an immunosuppressive effect and may lead to vaccination failures. Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is widely distributed in different kinds of birds, causing subclinical infections. Another important issue adhering to this disease is contamination of vaccines against fowl pox (FP) and Marek’s disease (MD) with REV. The capability of REV to integrate into the genome of other larger DNA viruses complicates its diagnosis and prevention. There are no efficient vaccines against RE nor treatment, which also complicates how to limit its impact on poultry farming. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of this important immunosuppressive agent of poultry emphasising the importance of this problem in terms of diagnosis of RE.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Avian reticuloendotheliosis in chickens – an update on disease occurrence and clinical course Texto completo
2018
Woźniakowski, Grzegorz | Frant, Maciej | Mamczur, Andrzej
Avian reticuloendotheliosis (RE) represents an important immunosuppressive disease of poultry. The occurrence of RE in both chickens and turkeys has an immunosuppressive effect and may lead to vaccination failures. Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is widely distributed in different kinds of birds, causing subclinical infections. Another important issue adhering to this disease is contamination of vaccines against fowl pox (FP) and Marek’s disease (MD) with REV. The capability of REV to integrate into the genome of other larger DNA viruses complicates its diagnosis and prevention. There are no efficient vaccines against RE nor treatment, which also complicates how to limit its impact on poultry farming. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of this important immunosuppressive agent of poultry emphasising the importance of this problem in terms of diagnosis of RE.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Xylazine regulates the release of glycine and aspartic acid in rat brain Texto completo
2018
Zhang Yi-Ming | Yu Dong-Xu | Yin Bai-Shuang | Li Xin-Ran | Li Li-Na | Li Ya-Nan | Wang Yu-Xin | Chen Yu | Liu Wen-Han | Gao Li
Xylazine regulates the release of glycine and aspartic acid in rat brain Texto completo
2018
Zhang Yi-Ming | Yu Dong-Xu | Yin Bai-Shuang | Li Xin-Ran | Li Li-Na | Li Ya-Nan | Wang Yu-Xin | Chen Yu | Liu Wen-Han | Gao Li
Xylazine, a type of α2-adrenoceptors, is a commonly used drug in veterinary medicine. Xylazine-induced changes in the content of amino acid neurotransmitters – glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp), in different brain regions and neurons were studied.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Xylazine regulates the release of glycine and aspartic acid in rat brain Texto completo
2018
Zhang, Yi-Ming | Yu, Dong-Xu | Yin, Bai-Shuang | Li, Xin-Ran | Li, Li-Na | Li, Ya-Nan | Wang, Yu-Xin | Chen, Yu | Liu, Wen-Han | Gao, Li
Xylazine, a type of α₂-adrenoceptors, is a commonly used drug in veterinary medicine. Xylazine-induced changes in the content of amino acid neurotransmitters – glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp), in different brain regions and neurons were studied. Wistar rats were administered 50 mg/kg or 70 mg/kg of xylazine by intraperitoneal injection. In addition, in vitro experiments were conducted, in which neurons were treated with 15 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 35μg/mL, and 45 μg/mL of xylazine. Test methods were based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). During anaesthesia, Asp levels in each brain area were significantly lower compared to the control group. Except for the cerebrum, levels of Gly in other brain areas were significantly increased during the anaesthesia period. In vitro, xylazine-related neuron secretion of Gly increased significantly compared to the control group at 60 min and 90 min. Moreover, xylazine caused a significant decrease in the levels of Asp secreted by neurons at 20 min, but gradually returned to the level of the control group. The data showed that during anaesthesia the overall levels of Asp decreased and overall levels of Gly increased. In addition, the inhibitory effect of xylazine on Asp and the promotion of Gly were dose-dependent. Our data showed that different effects of xylazine on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters provided a theoretical basis for the mechanism of xylazine activity in clinical anaesthesia.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Increased p63 expression in canine perianal gland tumours Texto completo
2018
Kim Soo-Hyeon | Seung Byung-Joon | Cho Seung-Hee | Lim Ha-Young | Park Hee-Myung | Sur Jung-Hyang
p63 is a homologous molecule of p53 and was recently identified as playing important roles in several key cellular processes, including epithelial development and proliferation. Since then, several studies have demonstrated altered p63 expression in various cancers of epithelial origin. Canine perianal gland tumour is one of the most common skin neoplasms in dogs; however, the molecular characteristics of this tumour remain poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to analyse and compare the expression of p63 in canine perianal gland adenomas and carcinomas.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Identification and control of sources of Taenia solium infection – the attempts to eradicate the parasite Texto completo
2018
Samorek-Pieróg Małgorzata | Karamon Jacek | Cencek Tomasz
Identification and control of sources of Taenia solium infection – the attempts to eradicate the parasite Texto completo
2018
Samorek-Pieróg Małgorzata | Karamon Jacek | Cencek Tomasz
Taenia solium is a parasite causing porcine cysticercosis and human taeniosis and cysticercosis, parasitic zoonoses with a serious public health and economic influence. It has been globally ranked as the top foodborne parasite by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). This parasite is transmitted mainly in countryside regions where animals are free roaming, having access to human faeces, and infected pork is widely available. More developed countries eliminated cysticercosis; nonetheless, there are insufficient data about the current endemicity status of T. solium, due to increased human migration from endemic areas. Formally submitted statistics on cysticercosis in pigs are extremely inadequate. This is the result of not reporting all cases of the disease by some countries and lack of molecular verification during identification of the parasite. There is a need to develop diagnostic tests with increased sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of the present review is to summarise current knowledge about diagnostic and control methods concerning T. solium infection. The article does not address the diagnostics of human cysticercosis, since there is a distinct medical field which should be discussed separately. The paper focuses mainly on identifying the sources of T. solium infection, presenting the methods to detect and control porcine cysticercosis and taeniosis in humans.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Identification and control of sources of Taenia solium infection – the attempts to eradicate the parasite Texto completo
2018
Samorek-Pieróg, Małgorzata | Karamon, Jacek | Cencek, Tomasz
Taenia solium is a parasite causing porcine cysticercosis and human taeniosis and cysticercosis, parasitic zoonoses with a serious public health and economic influence. It has been globally ranked as the top foodborne parasite by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO). This parasite is transmitted mainly in countryside regions where animals are free roaming, having access to human faeces, and infected pork is widely available. More developed countries eliminated cysticercosis; nonetheless, there are insufficient data about the current endemicity status of T. solium, due to increased human migration from endemic areas. Formally submitted statistics on cysticercosis in pigs are extremely inadequate. This is the result of not reporting all cases of the disease by some countries and lack of molecular verification during identification of the parasite. There is a need to develop diagnostic tests with increased sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of the present review is to summarise current knowledge about diagnostic and control methods concerning T. solium infection. The article does not address the diagnostics of human cysticercosis, since there is a distinct medical field which should be discussed separately. The paper focuses mainly on identifying the sources of T. solium infection, presenting the methods to detect and control porcine cysticercosis and taeniosis in humans.
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