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Effect of oxidative status on the occurrence of haemolactia in dairy cows after calving Texto completo
2022
Kuroiwa, Tomoko | Matsuda, Keiichi | Kanazawa, Tomomi | Chee, Hueyshy | Kimura, Atsushi | Satoh, Hiroshi | Sato, Shigeru | Ichijo, Toshihiro
Effect of oxidative status on the occurrence of haemolactia in dairy cows after calving Texto completo
2022
Kuroiwa, Tomoko | Matsuda, Keiichi | Kanazawa, Tomomi | Chee, Hueyshy | Kimura, Atsushi | Satoh, Hiroshi | Sato, Shigeru | Ichijo, Toshihiro
Dairy cows may infrequently give milk tinged with blood after calving, which is a condition termed haemolactia. Economic losses for dairy farmers are caused by cases of haemolactia because of the condemnation of such milk, potential contamination of good bulk tank milk with haemolactic milk, and need for veterinarian intervention. This study was performed to elucidate the oxidative status of dairy cows with haemolactia during the peripartum period. Plasma glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase concentrations along with serum vitamin A, C and E concentrations were determined as indices of oxidative stress. The sampled dairy cows comprised two haemolactic (n = 11 and n = 6) and two non-haemolactic (n = 11 and n = 6) groups. On the first day when haemolactia was identified in colostrum (at mean 2.1 days after parturition), a significantly increased concentration of plasma MDA was noted in the haemolactic group. During the prepartum period, low levels of serum vitamin E were continuously observed from prepartum week 4 to the parturition day but only in the haemolactic group. These results demonstrate that continuous low levels of serum vitamin E in the prepartum period may play a pivotal role as a requisite factor in the onset of haemolactia after calving.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effect of oxidative status on the occurrence of haemolactia in dairy cows after calving Texto completo
2022
Kuroiwa Tomoko | Matsuda Keiichi | Kanazawa Tomomi | Chee Hueyshy | Kimura Atsushi | Satoh Hiroshi | Sato Shigeru | Ichijo Toshihiro
Dairy cows may infrequently give milk tinged with blood after calving, which is a condition termed haemolactia. Economic losses for dairy farmers are caused by cases of haemolactia because of the condemnation of such milk, potential contamination of good bulk tank milk with haemolactic milk, and need for veterinarian intervention. This study was performed to elucidate the oxidative status of dairy cows with haemolactia during the peripartum period.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Animal botulism in Poland – laboratory and epidemiological investigations Texto completo
2022
Grenda, Tomasz | Goldsztejn, Magdalena | Kwiatek, Krzysztof | Kozak, Beata | Grenda, Anna
Animal botulism in Poland – laboratory and epidemiological investigations Texto completo
2022
Grenda, Tomasz | Goldsztejn, Magdalena | Kwiatek, Krzysztof | Kozak, Beata | Grenda, Anna
The aim of the study was to present cases of botulism in animals found in Poland in 2019–2021. The analytical laboratory diagnosis and difficulties that occurred in the interpretation of the results are described. From 2019 to 2021, samples of serum, intestinal content, liver, spleen, kidney, faeces, wet feed, dry feed, ensilage, water and mixed samples of internal organs associated with 10 suspected animal botulism cases were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute. Samples were analysed using a mouse bioassay and culture methods in combination with ntnh and bont gene detection. Among the ten putative botulism cases, only four (40%) were confirmed in the laboratory on the basis of the detection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) or the ntnh or bont genes. The remaining six (60%) were determined as probable despite observable characteristic clinical signs. The diagnosis of botulism in animals is a very difficult task, made so by the heterogeneity of Clostridium botulinum strains and possible loss of toxinogenicity during laboratory processing or the potential degradation of toxins. Laboratory diagnosis is a complex and problematic process which should utilise different prescribed methods for specific types of sample.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Animal botulism in Poland – laboratory and epidemiological investigations Texto completo
2022
Grenda Tomasz | Goldsztejn Magdalena | Kwiatek Krzysztof | Kozak Beata | Grenda Anna
The aim of the study was to present cases of botulism in animals found in Poland in 2019–2021. The analytical laboratory diagnosis and difficulties that occurred in the interpretation of the results are described.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of Fasciola hepatica from sheep in Xinjiang, China Texto completo
2022
Xifeng, Wang | Kai, Zhang | Guowu, Zhang | Zhiyuan, Li | Yunxia, Shang | Chengcheng, Ning | Chunhui, Ji | Jun, Qiao | Qingling, Meng | Xuepeng, Cai
Molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of Fasciola hepatica from sheep in Xinjiang, China Texto completo
2022
Xifeng, Wang | Kai, Zhang | Guowu, Zhang | Zhiyuan, Li | Yunxia, Shang | Chengcheng, Ning | Chunhui, Ji | Jun, Qiao | Qingling, Meng | Xuepeng, Cai
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode infecting ruminants worldwide and occasionally affecting other animal species, including humans. It causes significant economic losses. Geographic distribution and patterns of infection must be considered before control and management measures are developed for this parasite. DNA molecular markers are useful for the identification of flukes and elucidation of their genetic evolution. Therefore, the population structure of F. hepatica was studied using this method in sheep in Xinjiang, China. The molecular characteristics, genetic relationships within the population and dispersal patterns of F. hepatica isolates were analysed based on the cox1 and nad1 genes. The population structure of F. hepatica from three regions of Xinjiang was explored and a neutrality test was conducted. The cox1 and nad1 genes have 21 and 42 variable sites, respectively, which can be classified into 34 and 33 haplotypes. Median-joining network and phylogenetic tree analyses showed that there was no significant variation in F. hepatica isolates between the three geographical regions. Analysis of variance revealed that the genetic variation of F. hepatica was mainly present within the populations. The neutrality test indicated that the populations were relatively stable but the Hami population may have undergone short-term expansion. This study revealed for the first time the molecular characteristics, genetic diversity and dispersal patterns of F. hepatica isolates from sheep in Xinjiang, thus providing new insights into the genetic variation and haplotype diversity of F. hepatica from indigenous sheep.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of Fasciola hepatica from sheep in Xinjiang, China Texto completo
2022
Xifeng Wang | Kai Zhang | Guowu Zhang | Zhiyuan Li | Yunxia Shang | Chengcheng Ning | Chunhui Ji | Jun Qiao | Qingling Meng | Xuepeng Cai
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode infecting ruminants worldwide and occasionally affecting other animal species, including humans. It causes significant economic losses. Geographic distribution and patterns of infection must be considered before control and management measures are developed for this parasite. DNA molecular markers are useful for the identification of flukes and elucidation of their genetic evolution. Therefore, the population structure of F. hepatica was studied using this method in sheep in Xinjiang, China.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Nephrin and podocin mRNA detection in urine sediment of dogs with chronic kidney disease: preliminary observations Texto completo
2022
Souza, Camilla de | Coelho, Mariana | Antonelo, Daniel Silva | Passarelli, Danielle | Rochetti, Arina Lázaro | Fukumasu, Heidge | Leite-Dellova, Deise Carla Almeida
Nephrin and podocin mRNA detection in urine sediment of dogs with chronic kidney disease: preliminary observations Texto completo
2022
Souza, Camilla de | Coelho, Mariana | Antonelo, Daniel Silva | Passarelli, Danielle | Rochetti, Arina Lázaro | Fukumasu, Heidge | Leite-Dellova, Deise Carla Almeida
Dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have alterations in the glomerular filtration barrier, including podocyte loss. Detection of podocyte mRNA in urine could be useful for assessing podocyturia in dogs with kidney disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of nephrin mRNA (NPHS1) and podocin mRNA (NPHS2) in urine sediments of dogs with naturally occurring CKD and healthy dogs. Twenty-four dogs, 14 with CKD and 10 as healthy controls, underwent clinical evaluation. The dogs with CKD were divided into two groups, according to the International Renal Interest Society criteria: stage 1 or 2 CKD (n = 5) and stage 3 or 4 CKD (n = 9). Urine was collected by catheterisation or free catch and RNA isolation from the urine sediments was optimised using glycogen as a co-precipitant. Detection of NPHS1 and NPHS2 in the sediment samples was performed using quantitative real-time PCR. Both types of mRNA were detected in samples from all groups, but the percentages of detection were higher in the group of dogs with stage 1 or 2 CKD and lower in the group of dogs with stage 3 or 4 disease. Physiological podocyturia was observed in healthy dogs, and the results suggest differential podocyturia in dogs with CKD, according to the stage of the disease, i.e. an increase in podocyturia in dogs at stage 1 or 2 and a reduction in podocyturia in dogs at stage 3 or 4.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Nephrin and podocin mRNA detection in urine sediment of dogs with chronic kidney disease: preliminary observations Texto completo
2022
Souza Camilla de | Coelho Mariana | Antonelo Daniel Silva | Passarelli Danielle | Rochetti Arina Lázaro | Fukumasu Heidge | Leite-Dellova Deise Carla Almeida
Dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have alterations in the glomerular filtration barrier, including podocyte loss. Detection of podocyte mRNA in urine could be useful for assessing podocyturia in dogs with kidney disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of nephrin mRNA (NPHS1) and podocin mRNA (NPHS2) in urine sediments of dogs with naturally occurring CKD and healthy dogs.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]ASF -survivors’ sera do not inhibit African swine fever virus replication in vitro Texto completo
2022
Walczak, Marek | Juszkiewicz, Małgorzata | Szymankiewicz, Krzesimir | Szczotka-Bochniarz, Anna | Woźniakowski, Grzegorz
ASF -survivors’ sera do not inhibit African swine fever virus replication in vitro Texto completo
2022
Walczak, Marek | Juszkiewicz, Małgorzata | Szymankiewicz, Krzesimir | Szczotka-Bochniarz, Anna | Woźniakowski, Grzegorz
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes one of the most dangerous diseases of pigs and wild boar – African swine fever (ASF). Since its second introduction into Europe (in 2007), the disease has been spreading consistently, and now ASF-free European countries are at risk. Complex interactions between the host’s immune system and the virus have long prevented the development of a safe vaccine against ASF. This study analysed the possibility of neutralisation of the ASFV in vitro by sera collected from ASF-survivor animals. Two pig and three wild boar serum samples were collected from previously selected potential ASF survivors. All sera presented high antibody titres (>5 log₁₀/mL). Primary alveolar macrophages were cultured in growth medium containing 10% and 20% concentrations of selected sera and infected with a haemadsorbing ASFV strain (Pol18_28298_O111, genotype II). The progress of infection was investigated under a light microscope by observing the cytopathic effect (CPE) and the haemadsorption phenomenon. Growth kinetics were investigated using a real-time PCR assay. Haemadsorption inhibition was detected in the presence of almost all selected sera; however, the inhibition of virus replication in vitro was excluded. In all samples, a CPE and decreasing quantification cycle values of the viral DNA were found. Anti-ASFV antibodies alone are not able to inhibit virus replication. Interactions between the humoral and cellular immune response which effectively combat the disease are implicated in an ASF-survivor’s organism.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]ASF -survivors’ sera do not inhibit African swine fever virus replication in vitro Texto completo
2022
Walczak Marek | Juszkiewicz Małgorzata | Szymankiewicz Krzesimir | Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna | Woźniakowski Grzegorz
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes one of the most dangerous diseases of pigs and wild boar – African swine fever (ASF). Since its second introduction into Europe (in 2007), the disease has been spreading consistently, and now ASF-free European countries are at risk. Complex interactions between the host’s immune system and the virus have long prevented the development of a safe vaccine against ASF. This study analysed the possibility of neutralisation of the ASFV in vitro by sera collected from ASF-survivor animals.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Isolation and characterization of Vibrio spp. from sea food and environmental samples in and around Chennai city: Isolation and characterization of Vibrio spp. ----------- environmental samples in and around Chennai city Texto completo
2022
Deepak, S.J. | Porteen, K | Elango, A | Senthilkumar, T M A | Narendra Babu, R | Sureshkannan, S
Vibrio is a major sea food pathogen which needs to be monitored regularly for devising appropriate control strategy to ensure food safety among sea food consumers and handlers. The present study aims to ascertain the occurrence of Vibrio spp. in seafood viz fishes, prawn/shrimps, crabs and water samples collected from various fish markets in and around Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 175 samples were screened, of which 106 (60.57%) samples were found positive by PCR targeting the 16s rRNA of Vibrio genus and all the positive isolates were subjected to toxR gene identification by Multiplex PCR for species level identification. At the species level 28(26.41%) were positive for Vibrio parahemolyticus (Vp), 6 (5.67%) positive for Vibrio Cholerae (Vc), 2 (1.89%) positive for Vibrio vulnificus (Vv). The presence of mixed vibrio species were also observed of which 56 samples (43.40%) revealed the presence of Vp and Vc, 7 (6.60%) with Vp and Vv, 3 (2.84%) with Vv and Vc and 14 samples with (13.20%) Vp, Vv and Vv. The present study identified the presence along with mixed Vibrio spp. in most of the samples tested from the study area.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]ULTRASOUND GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS ASPIRATION OF UDDER ABSCESS IN DAIRY COWS WITH CHRONIC MASTITIS Texto completo
2022
M. Venkatesan | K. Jayalakshmi | B. Poovarajan | M. Saravanan | S Yogeshpriya | P Selvaraj
A retrospective study was carried out to assess the udder affections of cows that were presented to the Large Animal Medicine Referral Clinic of Veterinary College and Research Institute, Thanjavur, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu during June 2017 to April 2018. In this study involving 161 cows, 4 cows were found to have udder swelling / abscess diagnosed by ultrasound and percutaneous aspiration done under sonagraphic guidance. Udder ultrasound revealed hyperechoic alveolar tissue with anechoic/ heterogenous content in the affected quarters. Aspirated samples were culturally positive for the isolate Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test showed highest susceptibility to streptomycin followed by enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and amoxycillin with good recovery on treatment.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Outbreak of betanodavirus infection in cage-cultured Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch): A case study in Odisha Texto completo
2022
K.P. Jithendran | P.K. Sahoo | C.P. Binesh | B.R. Mohanty
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) or viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an infectious neuropathological disease affecting more than 120 fish species. Although VER affects mainly marine fish , the disease has also been detected in certain species reared in low saline and freshwater environments. In the present study, a case of betanodavirus associated massive mortality was investigated in juvenile seabass Latescalcarifer, maintained in cage culture facilities in brackishwater pond in Odisha(India).The affected fish showed clinical signs typical of betanodavirus infection around 70 days post hatch (dph), resulting sudden mass mortality in all the cages affecting almost 100% of the population. Histopathology revealed massive necrosis of tubules in kidney and mild vacuolation of the nervous system, suggesting an infection by betanodavirus.The presence of virus was detected and confirmed by nested RT-PCR assay and sequence analysis of PCR product. Sequencing of the PCR product indicated sequence homology with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus(RGNNV) type.However , the reservoir of the virus leading to the outbreak remains unidentified but suspects the infected fry as source. This is the first report of mortality associated with natural infection of betanodavirus infection in inland cage farming facilities in India.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]TRAZODONE: A POTENTIAL DRUG TO TREAT ANXIETY IN DOGS Texto completo
2022
Gnanadhas, Jeba Sujana | Cupit, Jessica Walker | V, Ranganathan | J, Ramesh | N, Sakthivelu
Trazodone is a commonly used medication in the United States for the treatment of anxiety in dogs.This article is intended to bring awareness among small animal veterinary practitioners of India about trazodone and its potential uses in the treatment of post-operative hyperactivity, noise phobia, separation anxiety and aggressive behavior.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]A STUDY ON MIGRATORY PATTERN AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF TIRUCHY BLACK SHEEP IN TAMIL NADU Texto completo
2022
P. Gopu | N. Murali | R. Saravanan | R. Annalvilli
Tiruchy Black is one of the coarse wool breeds of sheep reared in Tamil Nadu. An investigation was undertaken to ascertain the migratory pattern and socio-economic status of Tiruchy Black sheep at 71 flocks in 53 villages of Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri Districts of Tamil Nadu. The migratory tracts were almost regular over the year in the breeding tract. A total of eight migratory tracts comprising of three major and five minor tracts were identified. The overall distance covered was 98.64 ± 1.13 km with a range of 15 to 128 km. The mean radial migratory distance was 184.12 ± 1.42 with range from 65 to 234 in major tracts and 34.12 ± 1.62 with a range of 15 to 64 Km in minor tracts. The Tiruchy Black sheep farmers family size was comprised of 2-5 numbers and both the genders were involved in sheep rearing. In the present study, it was observed that vast majority of sheep farmers belonged to the most backward (72.16 %), followed by backward (22.37 %) and others (5.47 %). Majority of sheep farmers belonged to the ‘Kurumba Gounders’ (96.00%). A small proportion of them in small farms belonged to the Vanniyars (4.00%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant relation between caste, community and farm size. Depending upon the condition of the animal, prices of adult rams and ewes varied from Rs. 7,000 to 8,000 and from Rs.5000 to 6,000 respectively. Surplus ram lambs were sold at the age of 3 to 5 months for Rs.1,750 to 2,500. It is concluded that the Tiruchy Black sheep farmers were following traditionally migratory pattern over the generations and which helps improves their socioeconomic status in the breeding tract of Tamil Nadu.
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