Campylobacter is the commonest reported bacterial cause of infectious intestinal disease. To study the epidemiology of Campylobacter infection among children, 100 stool samples along with patients anamnesis were collected from the clinical diarrheic reported to Enterology unit of Institute for child Health and centre for Children, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu between May 2013 to June 2013. Samples were subjected to traditional culture and modern PCR techniques, both of which revealed same results of 13% prevalence of Campylobacter sps (8% C.jejuni & 5% C.coli). Analyzing the patients anamnesis to study the epidemiological determinants, sex has a significance (P<0.05). Age and residential area have no significance and summer season and cross contamination could be probable determinants for the infection.

A trial was conducted to assess the influence of different methods of garlic supplementation on the blood profile of crossbred calves. For studying the blood profile, 18 Jersey crossbred calves of both sexes in the age group of 2-3 months were randomly allotted into three treatment groups of 6 calves in each group. Calves in the first group (T1) were supplemented with garlic powder at the dose rate of 250 mg/Kg BW for a period of 150 days in water whereas calves in the second group (T2) were supplemented with 250mg/Kg BW in concentrate feed and the third group (T3) was treated as control. The data on haemogram were collected and analysed as per standard procedures. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups in the values of either haemogram or serum biochemical parameters during experimental period.

Milk is the one of the most important protein diet to the human population. However, in last few decades, presence of A1 b casein in milk was associated with important issues associated with range of illnesses in human being. In this study a total of 85 cattle blood samples (Kangeyam and HF crossbred) were analysed for A1 b  casein gene based on AS-PCR. A1/A2 genotype frequency data indicated that 37% were A2 homozygous (A2A2), 17% were A1 homozygous (A1A1) and 46% heterozygous (A1A2) in HF cross bred cattle. The pure Kangeyam (Bos indicus) cattle breed had only A2 gene and showed only A2A2 genotype, which produce safer A2 milk for the human consumption. The Holstein Friesian cross breed animal also showed mostly of A2 gene (0.595). 

Laminitis is inflammation of sensitive laminae of the foot in horses and donkey. The front hooves are most commonly affected than hind feet. Laminitis can be mechanical or systematic, acute or chronic, unilateral or bilateral or sometimes all four feet were affectedDonkeys appear to be particularly susceptible to laminitis may be due to live in the desert and dry area so their ‘good bacteria’ are even more sensitive to carbohydrate overload than those of ponies and horses there certainly is no lush grass in the desert and dry area. A two year old male donkey walking very tenderly and repeated raising of left hind leg. The affected hind leg foot was cleaned with 1% Kmno4 solution for avoiding secondary bacterial infection Inj. Meloxicam 35mg I/M, in, inj. Strepto penicillin 500mg I/M were given. The affected left hind leg was exposed to infra red light for 5 minutes and hot fomentation was given with hot salt and hot rice bran mixture. Iodine ointment was applied over the swollen coronary band area of left foot.

Faecal samples of 264 sheep from 4 different sheep farms belonging to three different districts of Karnataka were screened to note the incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes. It was found that 93% of the sheep harboured strongyle infection. The faecal egg counts were found to be light to moderate. The in vitro egg hatch assay was employed to assess the resistance of strongyles in 4 sheep farms. The ED50 value for albendazole ranged between 2.5μg/ml to 6.9 μg/ ml which indicated the resistance of the gastrointestinal nematodes. All the samples were also subjected to another in vitro test, viz., larval development assay. The values ranged between 3-2μg to 4.2μg / ml which also indicated the development of resistance to albendazole. Larval paralysis assay confirmed the development of resistance to albendazole. 

The gross studies on the hippocampus were made on 10 specimens each of calves and adults of the Indian buffalo. The hippocampus was a curved elevation, lying immediately ventral to the splenium of the corpus callosum, dorsal to the lateral aspect of the thalamus. It occupied the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. The ventricular surface of the hippocampus was covered by a thin layer of white matter, the alveus. Rostrolaterally the alveus joined a thick fibrous band, the hippocampal fimbria which connected the alveus to the fornix. On the ventromedial aspect, a deep groove, the hippocampal sulcus, separated this surface into lateral and medial portions. 

Punganur breed of cattle in Andhra Pradesh is under the threat of extinction and efforts are being made for conservation, propagation of this breed under in situ conservation. All breedable female animals were bred to Punganur bulls available by natural service. The average birth weights of male and female calves were 10.31 ± 0.43 kg and 10.35 ± 0.75 kg, respectively. The mean height at withers, chest girth ,body length, pin bones width, paunch girth, poll length, tail length, and ear length in male calves  were 45.81 ± 1.05, 46.72 ± 1.34, 43.90 ± 1.29, 7.54 ± 0.73, 45 ± 1.2, 18.09 ± 0.94, 27.45 ± 1.77, 8.54 ± 0.7 cm, respectively. Majority of the calves were born with a mixture of white and brown coat colour, black muzzle, black colour hooves and black switch. The average lactation milk yield was 457.5 ± 81 liters with a lactation length of 153 ± 24 days. The average daily milk yield and peak yield were 3.04 ± 0.16 and 3.90 ± 0.17 liters respectively with an average 5.4 % fat and 9.53 % S.N.F.

A two year old male cat was presented to the Emergency and Critical Care Unit with a history of inappetence after paracetamol 300 mg (Half tablet of 600 mg) administration overnight. On clinical examination the cat had a mild elevation of vital signs. Based on history and clinical signs the case was diagnosed as paracetamol poisoning and treated with activated charcoal a total dose of 3 g)orally and N-acetyl cysteine intravenously at 140 mg/kg along with Ringer’s lactate, 10 ml/kg b.wt. The owner was advised to administer Nacetyl cysteine at 70 mg/kg orally for every 6 hours for five times. After treatment the cat was recovered successfully.

Commercial cocktail enzymes were collected from the market and evaluated for enzyme activity. Among the enzyme preparations which is having more enzyme activity was selected for invitro evaluation by using de oiled rice bran as substrate. The results of the present study indicated that a significant (P < 0.05) and linear increase in the release of glucose and reducing sugars with the increase in the level of enzyme mixtures from 0 to 7.5 mg / 10 g of DORB.

The present study describes the cloning and expression of endoglucanase gene from termite gut bacteria. Salmonella enterica with cellulolytic activity was  isolated from the gut of the termite Odontotermes formosanus and characterized by sugar fermentation tests, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA  sequencing. Endoglucanase gene was amplified from the genomic DNA of the bacteria and the purified 1.72 Kbp Polymerase chain reaction product was cloned into pET100 prokaryotic vector. The recombinant plasmid expressed a 65kDa endoglucanase which reacted with anti His-HRP antibody in western blotting. Cellulolytic activity of the recombinant plasmid was confirmed by congo red assay and the enzyme activity was found to be 54 Units/ml.