Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has been as an model animal for studing the neurological disease such as stroke and epilepsy because of the congenital incompleteries in Willis circle, as well as the investigation of water metabolism because of the long time-survival in the condition of water-deprived desert condition, compared with other species animal. Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expressed at the surface of principal cells in collecting duct results from an equilibrium between the AQP2 in intracellular vesicles and the AQP2 on the plasma membrane.

This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity of Paenibacillus (P.) polymyxa JB115 and single oral dose toxicity of culture broth containing β-glucan (CBG-JB115) produced from P. polymyxa JB115 in Sprague-Dawely rats of both sexes for 14 days. After oral administration of P. polymyxa JB115 into rats, we could not find any abnormal clinical signs and variation in the body weight and temperature as compared with control group. We also investigated the acute toxicity of CBG-JB115. As the results, there were no clinical signs and variance in the body weight and temperature related with CBG-JB115 in comparison with the control group.

In this study, the levels of aflatoxin M₁(AFM₁) in milk were determined by HPLC with derivatization method. Milk samples were purified using C∧18 disposable cartridge followed by derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid and analysed using HPLC with fluorescence detection. The recoveries of AFM₁ from milk samples added AFM₁ at a level of 0.025~0.1 ng/ml were 94.7~98.0% with detection limit of 0.009 ng/ml. The amounts of AFM₁ were determined below 0.05 ng/ml for all tested samples of commercial milk collected in 1999 and 2000.

Cause of high lethality and dissemination to human being, new development of rapid method for the detection of highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) is still necessary. For the detection of AIV subtype H5N1, typical pathogenic AIV, new method to confirm sub-typing of this virus is also needed. For the purpose of ultra-rapid detection and sub-typing of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of AIV, this study was planned. As the results we could demonstrate an ultra-rapid multiplex real-time PCR (URMRT-PCR) for the detection of AIV.

An eight years old female barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), which bred at the Gwangju Uchi Park Zoo had shown anorexia, depression,. respiratory problem for several weeks after parturition. In necropsy, extensive necrotizing pneumonia was found with severe immunocytes infiltration in the alveolar spaces and bronchioles. Pulmonary pleura were thickened with fibrin and inflammatory cells. Bacteria were isolated from lung and identified as Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) by biochemical tests and PCR on sodA and gusA genes, though seeⅠgene was not detected.

Serological surveillance programs in animal populations are becoming increasingly important to estimate prevalence of a specific disease and subsequently to document disease-free status in a region or a country. For these purposes, the programs need to be based on both theoretical and economical aspects from the designing phase. From Aujeszky's disease (AD)-eradication program point of view, group of animals (aggregates, herds) not individual animal is the more important sampling unit of concern.

From January to June 2006, 54 suckling pigs had been submitted in virology lab., College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. All pigs had suffered from various symptoms such as respiratory, sign, enteric signs, neurologic signs, etc. Among 54 pigs, 24 pigs (44.4%) were positive for porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) through reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction. According to this result, HEV infections seemed to be prevalent and widespread in Korean swine farms, and the infection is associated with respiratory signs and neurologic signs more than enteric signs.

This study was carried out to investigate the possible bacterial causes affecting the productivity of the breeder hens. The hens under test were positive for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and negative for Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum (S. g-p) as tested by serum agglutination test. Ovaries with lesions were bacteriologically and serologically proven to have 12 bacterial isolates including three un-typed E. coli, one O11, and one O78; three Staphylococcus aureus; one S.g-p; two Proteus and one Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) isolates. The antibiogram of the two identified E. coli strains, S. g-p as well as P. aeruginosa showed variable sensitivity. The tested organisms were very sensitive to colistin and enrofloxacin. The selected E. coli, S.g-p and P. aeruginosa strains proved to be pathogenic to 3-day-old chicks, with induction of clinical signs, mortalities, post mortem lesions and adverse effect on the body weight gain. On the other hand, E. coli O78 was more pathogenic than O 11. The use of the abovementioned drugs for controlling of those infections in chicks was effective as indicated by the results of the in vitro test. It is important to carry out bacteriological examination to the breeder flocks in order to investigate the bacterial affections with estimation of changes in their sensitivity to the used antibiotics.

During 2005, velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused a major outbreak among commercial broiler chicken in Egypt. The outbreak raised concerns regarding the protective immunity of commercially available vaccines for prevention and control of this virus in poultry. The virus was isolated from broiler farm suffered from more than 95% mortalities. The isolate was confirmed not to be avian influenza virus (AIV) by rapid chromatographic strip test, and characterized as NDV using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which amplified a portion of the fusion gene of NDV and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. This isolate confirmed to be velogenic viscerotropic NDV by mean death time (MDT) test and pathogenicity to 7-week old chickens. We tried to determine whether the existing commercial live NDV La Sota vaccine could provide protection against the isolated virus or not. Birds received a single dose of live La Sota type vaccine at 3 weeks of age and were challenged 2 weeks postvaccination with a lethal dose of NDV. Results indicated that the live vaccine did not protect against morbidity but reduced mortality in comparison to controls. All unvaccinated control chickens challenged with NDV died within 5 days post-challenge (pc). Protection from disease did not correlate with the presence of antibody titers (determined by HI) at day of challenge. These results underscore the need to develop new NDV vaccines and vaccine strategies for use during outbreak situations to protect birds from both disease and infection and to reduce virus shedding.

The use of bovine saliva as a wound dressing rriaterial. In the present study, bovine saliva was_ applied to experimental by second intention on the eilrperimental wounds in rats , and it's effects on _ epithelization, wound contraction newly formed granulation tissue. T f I . We evaluated the time interval required for wound healing using a standard wound with and without bovine saliva. The bovine saliva did interfere with a normal development of wound healing. - Histological evaluation was considered to parameters the effect of bovine saliva on wound healing. The effect appear to be due to an increase collagen activity , consequently improving the T _ collagen matrix and enhancing the breaking strength by lysosomes with saliva