Mammary tumours are considered as the most important neoplasms in dogs especially in sexually intact female dogs. Prognosis is directly associated with various factors such as tumour size, metastases, involvement of lymph node, tumour type and grade. Recently, tumour microenvironment (TME) has gained huge importance and proved to be a key regulator of breast cancer's biologic behaviour, according to mounting data. The capacity of extracellular matrix components like collagen to alter their intrinsic structure and alignment aids in tumour invasion and metastasis. We present a case study of 25 canine mammary tumours (CMTs), where the stroma associated with the malignancy was specifically considered while histomorphologically analysing the tumours. The majority of the tumours were malignant (96 per cent) and one was identified to be benign. Simple carcinomas made up the majority of tumours, followed by mixed types. Cancer associated stroma was assessed by routine H and E staining and additionally by performing immunohistochemistry technique with anti-cytokeratin antibody to access the relative abundance of neoplastic epithelial cells. Special stains such as Picrosirius red, Masson’s trichrome and Herovici were employed to demonstrate the desmoplastic stromal reaction and varying grades of collagen could be observed in the stroma of different tumours. The extent of fibroplasia was found to be directly proportional to the grade and size of tumour. Thus, results of the present study indicated that the cancer associated stroma significantly in fluence the CMT progression and clinical outcome.

A study was conducted in Murrah buffaloes belonging to Livestock Farm Complex of Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, located in cauvery delta region to document the effect of heat ameliorative measures on physiological responses during summer. Twenty four buffaloes were selected and divided into four treatment groups of 6 animals per group. All the animals were maintained under standard managemental conditions with wallowing facility. The treatment group (T1) was control, animals in T2 were provided with cooling jacket, animals in T3 were supplemented with probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and T4 animals received probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and were provided cooling jacket. Physiological parameters viz., respiratory rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature were recorded during the summer season (March 2022 to May 2022) at weekly intervals in animals of all the treatment groups. Measurements were made when animals were at rest and after the exposure to sun light at 9 am and 2 pm respectively. From results it was concluded that the heat ameliorative measures given to the different groups of animals decreased the respiratory rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature during summer.

Examination of gastro intestinal tract of 20 carcasses of backyard poultry revealed mucoid material in the lumen of the proventriculus and gizzard. The mucosa of proventriculus and gizzard were thickened. Peeling of the horny gizzard cuticle layer revealed the presence of Cheilospirura hamulosa on the sub-mucosal and muscular surface. The lumen of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract contained tenacious muco-sanguineous content. Caeca was completely filled with tarry red coloured content mixed with Subulura brumpti.

A pregnant graded Murrah buffalo at eight months of gestation in third parity having bilateral distension of abdomen was presented. The case was diagnosed as hydramnios and treated with dinoprost tromethamine, diethyl stilbesterol, valethamate bromide and dexamethasone. After 76 hours, cervix was dilated fully and trans-cervical amniocentesis was performed and approximately 60-70 litres of amniotic fluid was drained and a dead male fetus with cleft palate was delivered.

A two year old non descript bitch was presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Veterinary Clinical Complex, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry with a history of an accidentall fall from the first floor of a building to the spiked metal railings of a gate onto the ground level. Physical examination revealed respiratory distress, pain on palpation around thoracic and abdomen region, perforating wound was noticed on the left lateral thorax at the level of 10 costal cartilage and animal was vomiting since then. On radiographic examination, a mild pneumothorax and gas filled air pockets were noticed in the abdomen, suspecting gastric perforation. Haematobiochemical values were within the normal range. Animal was stabilized by oxygen supplementation, IV fluids and analgesics. After stabilization, anaesthesia was achieved by Inj. Diazepam @ 0.5 mg/kg and Inj. Propofol @ 3 mg/kg IV. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to repair the perforating wound. Post operatively, antibiotics and analgesia were administered for 5th days along with fluid therapy. Based on history and clinical examination, the case was diagnosed as gastric perforation due to high rise syndrome and animal made an uneventful recovery.

A postpartum graded Murrah buffalo that calved 25 days before was presented with a history of swelling of the perianal region immediately after parturition. On examination, ventral anal region was found to be enlarged with a pouch that contained around 1.5 kg of dung. The buffalo was given caudal epidural anaesthesia and the perianal mucous membrane was scarified and sutured. Postoperatively antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-histamine were given for 5 days and animal exhibited normal defecation without straining. The correction of unusual case of peri-partum third degree perineal laceration associated with rectal-vaginal fistula and rectal pouch formation in a graded Murrah buffalo, its management and successful recovery is reported.

A Large White Yorkshire male pubertal pig was presented with the history of sustained protrusion of penis for about six hours. Edema of the protracted penis was reduced. Manual repositioning and retension of glans penis into preputial cavity was carried out successfully. There was no recurrence.

A study was conducted on Soviet chinchilla rabbits (n=28) with mange infestation at Rabbit Breeding Unit, Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, Tamil Nadu. The infested rabbits evinced the symptoms of alopecia, anorexia, pruritus, skin erosion, and dry crust like lesions on extremities, ears, nose, and face. The affected rabbits were grouped into four groups (7 for each group) for different therapeutic treatments along with antihistamine and vitamin supplementation for a period of 4 weeks with weekly intervals. It was established that treatment group 4 was successful in curative and early revival of mange infestation.

An attempt was made to overview the conduct, components and output of various livestock research activities conducted in TANUVAS for the period from 2008 to 2018. Among 152 projects completed during the study period, there were 52 health projects, 36 production, 25 social science, 16 clinical science, 14 infrastructure, six processing, two environment and one education related projects. The research investment of projects completed from 2008 to 2018 was found to be the highest for Health (Rs.1767.70 lakhs), followed by Infrastructure (Rs.1723.40 lakhs), Production (Rs.668.72 lakhs), Social science (Rs.393.82 lakhs), Clinical science (Rs.360.28 lakhs), Education (Rs.221.47 lakhs), Processing (Rs.87.50 lakhs) and Environment (Rs.14.64 lakhs). Among various livestock species, Poultry research occupied predominant position with 39 numbers of projects with outlay of Rs.791.25 lakhs. It should be noted that the research on companion animals and fodder were less than 10 in last ten years. A total of 44 patents were filed in TANUVAS during last decade, among which seven were granted. It is concluded that the focus should also be made on fodder, swine and companion animal and fodder research.

An attempt was made to work out the factor shares and value shares of output in livestock sector over last 19 years and to examine in the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth of livestock production i.e. livestock production growth over and above the input growth in Tamil Nadu using secondary data for the period from 1999-2000 to 2017-18 from various reports on state-wise estimates of value of outputs from Central Statistics Office, Government of India and Department of Economics and Statistics, Government of Tamil Nadu. The share of milk to total value of output in Tamil Nadu decreased from 68 per cent to 27 per cent from the year 1999-2000 to 2017-18, whereas product shares of meat increased from 18.45 per cent to 64.77 per cent during the same period. During the same period, the factor shares of feed (47.65 per cent to 38.06 per cent) and dry fodder (36 per cent to 20 per cent) was decreased, in contrast to the share of green fodder (10 to 19 per cent). The value of TFP was found to be increasing gradually from the year 2000-01 to 2002-03 and drastically declined during the year 2003-04 (0.95), thereafter it increased gradually from the period 2003-04 to 2016-17, with drastic dip during 2011-12 and minor dip during 2007-08, 2013-14, 2015-16 and 2017-18. From the year 1999- 2000, the cumulative TFP index increased to 6.17 during 2004-05, 12.79 during 2010-11 and 20.38 during 2017-18 with increase of one unit per annum, which indicated good sign of livestock development in Tamil Nadu. It could be concluded that the technological interventions in livestock sector (output growth over and above the input growth) in Tamil Nadu shared about 72 per cent in the growth of livestock sector for the past 19 years.