In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the treatment of long bone fractures of cats and dogs by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), guided by radiological and walking-weight bearing criteria. For this purpose, 6 dogs and 1 cat, were operated according to MIPO procedures. After general anesthesia with butorphanol-propofol-sevoflurane, the fragments were aligned with closed reduction, and a MIPO plate was placed periostally via the created soft tissue tunnel. Fracture healing was assessed postoperatively at 0, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days by radiographic examination and walking-weight bearing scales. From the controls made on the 14th day, it was observed that all the cases could walk. The average time for radiographic union of 7 cases were found to be 47.42 (±4.98) days. As a result, MIPO technique was considered to be an alternative to traditional -open- plate osteosynthesis methods in the treatment fractures of cats and dogs.

The purpose of this study is to identify the general profiles of female veterinarians in economic life and to determine the status of their professional performances. A survey study was conducted with 110 women out of 511 women who are engaged in veterinary clinic management businesses in Turkey. In the survey, it was determined that female veterinarians who performed clinic management businesses worked at an average of 9.91 hours on weekdays, and that 79% of them predominantly had pets in their clinics, and regarding that, pet clinic management was being carried out. In the interviews, it was determined that, the highest incomes in clinics were received from vaccination-drug revenues, examination-treatment, and operations; depending on the city that the clinic is located and whether there are pets or not. In the study conducted, it was determined that the average monthly incomes of the clinic enterprises belonging to female veterinarians were $ 1.917 and the average monthly profits were $ 868. As a result, it is thought that, female veterinarians’ participation in supplementary vocational training activities, and improving their managerial skills by focusing on customer satisfaction and advertising activities, will help to solve problems in the professional life.

The intense and unconscious use of antibacterial drugs or vitamins to protect fisheries production, fight against fish diseases and promote growth in fish can lead to the emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics and serious public health problems through consumption. Little is known about the food-borne pathogens detected by molecular methods in fish which are grown in fish farms in Turkey and about the antimicrobial resistance genes of food-borne pathogens. In this study, DNA isolations were first made from collected fish muscle samples. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM) and carbapanemase (blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, blaIMP) genes were investigated in fish tissue and DNA was found to be positive with qPCR. As a result of isolation in 50 fish samples, 70 bacteria were detected by qPCR. Of the 11 samples with E.coli, 3 were identified as E. coli O157: H7. In the fish samples, Aeromonas spp. was detected at the highest percentage (46%), followed by P.shigelloides. When the distribution of the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes were examined with qPCR in the samples with positive results, blaCTX-M was detected in 22 samples, teblaSHV in 19 samples and blaTEM genes were detected in 10 specimens. In 17 samples of P. shigelloides positive, no antimicrobial resistance gene was detected. When the distributions of the carbapenemase genes were found in the positive samples, the blaKPC gene was found to be positive in 6 samples and Aeromonas spp. was detected in 5 of these samples. The aim of this study was to analyze the status of food-borne pathogens detected in trout species in the Euphrates River and to analyze and demonstrate the antimicrobial resistance genes of these bacteria using the qPCR method. Food-borne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes such as extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and carbapanemases, were determined by molecular methods. To be able to reduce the currently increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance, the unconscious use of drugs should be reduced in the treatment of aquatic diseases and the data of the resistance genes in the pathogens detected in fish should be followed molecularly and epidemiologically.

miRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators of protein synthesis. It is known that miRNAs, which are members of the non-coding RNAs class, are effective in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression and the hereditary and adaptive immune response. miRNAs bind to target mRNAs to regulate gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. miRNAs have functions in the formation or development of many diseases such as cancer, viral and autoimmune diseases in which epigenetic mechanisms play a role. With the development of miRNA-based therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in recent years, miRNA research has gained importance. In this review, general information about miRNA is emphasized, its role in some diseases and the relationship between immunity and miRNA are examined.

Urinary myiasis is mainly caused by the larvae of Psychoda albipennis, Fannia scalaris, Musca spp., Sarcophaga spp., Lucilia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Calliphora spp., and rarely by Eristalis tenax, Cordylobia anthropophaga and Clogmia albipunctata. Intestinal myiasis is caused by the larvae of Fannia canicularis, Eristalis tenax, Musca domestica, Calliphora vicina and rarely by Clogmia (Telmatoscopus) albipunctatus. The first case is a 47-year-old woman with difficulty in urination, frequent urination, haematuria, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, urinary incontinence and occasional small, moving, dark colored worm-like organisms in her urine for 4-5 months. The second case is an 8-year-old boy who complained of yellowish worm-like organisms in his feces, teeth grinding and to saliva in sleep for some time. These patients were referred to our department from the Department of Infectious Diseases of Medical Faculty Hospital in Kirikkale University. The larvae brought by the patient in separate containers were examined macroscopically and microscopically. The examined larvae were identified as Psyhcoda albipennis in urine and Fannia canicularis in faeces. In these cases, Psychoda albipennis was the second case in urine, while Fannia canicularis was the first case in feces in Kirikkale. It was found interesting that the mother and her son had different myiasis factors at the same time. This study shed slight on the medical importance of urinary and intestinal myiasis.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 2017-0730 Patent Number Thermolife Ixir product on weight loss and some biochemistry values in obese rat with fatty liver. Thirty male Wistar albino rats fed a high-fat diet were the material of the study. An obesity model was created in rats fed a special high fat diet. Ad libitum feeding was applied to rats with a special diet and water. These rats were randomly divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 rats in each group. Group B was given 1 gram of the product daily, and 1.5 grams of the product was given to group C while group A was served as control. All rats were fed a high-fat diet. Before the study, the body weight was measured and blood was drawn for serum parameters. The test mixture was administered orally for a month, the same parameters were measued periodically and differences were determined. After the study, it was observed that the body weight of the rats in group B and C decreased significantly compared to group A. It was determined that there was a decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride values, an increase in HDL values and, the changes in other parameters were not statistically significant. At the end of the study (the 30th day), it was observed that the adipose tissues in the body appearred normal and lower in the rats in group B and C which were fed without a diet change. The rats in group A had appearent fatty tissues in abdomen and aroud the different areas of the body. In histopathological examination, the liver in group A rats was associated with hepatic steatosis, which covered approxiamtely 10% of the liver, due to excessive fatty nutrition. In a dependent manner, the rats in groups B and C had lower triglyceride and glucose levels and higher HDL levels. In conclusion, the Thermolife Ixir productcauses weight loss and fat burning in rats in a dose dependent manner that is also associated with increase in HDL as well decrease in triglyceride and glucose levels.

The aim of the present study was to examine gastrointestinal parasites in stool samples collected from stray dogs cared in animal shelters of Kırıkkale and Ankara and pet dogs that have been taken to the clinics and animal hospitals for control and treatment, and to evaluate the results for public health. Stool samples of 200 animals were obtained by arriving relevant centres for this purpose. Stool samples obtained were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Fülleborn Flotation and Benedek Sedimentation techniques were applied onto the stool samples for microscopic examination; Mc Master technique as used to determine the egg count per stool gram in stool samples which were positive for parasite. Stool samples were also examined for protozoan trophozoites and cysts through Giemsa staining, and for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts through Carbol-Fuchsin staining. According to the results of this study, helminths and protozoans were detected with following rates; Toxocara canis by 18%, Toxascaris leonina by 9%, Taenia spp. by 0.5%, Ancylostoma spp. by 7.5%, Dipylidium caninum by 0.5%, Hymenolepis diminuta by 0.5%, and Fasciolid type egg by 1.5%; protozoans detected in the stool samples were Isospora spp. by 14.5%, Giardia spp. by 16.5%, and Cryptosporidium spp. by 2%. Furthermore, the egg of Linguatula serrata (0.5%) was detected in one dog, and mature Demodex spp. (2%) was detected in 4 dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether jejunal serosal patches could securely seal large, open defects in duodenal segments harvested from canine cadavers and to compare intraluminal pressures at which leakage first occurred and maximal intraluminal pressures for repaired duodenal segments between 2 suture patterns. SAMPLE Duodenal and jejunal segments from 9 canine cadavers. PROCEDURES 20 constructs were created through repair of large, open duodenal defects with circumferential suturing of an intact jejunal segment (jejunal serosal patch). Constructs were randomly assigned to have the serosal patch anastomosed to the duodenal segment by a simple continuous or simple interrupted suture pattern. The pressure at which the first leakage was observed and the maximum pressure obtained during testing were recorded and compared between suture patterns. RESULTS Initial leakage pressure was significantly higher with the simple interrupted pattern (mean ± SD, 68.89 ± 5.62 mm Hg), compared with the simple continuous pattern (59.8 ± 20.03 mm Hg). Maximum intraluminal pressures did not significantly differ between the simple interrupted (91 ± 8.27 mm Hg) and simple continuous patterns (90.7 ± 16.91 mm Hg). All constructs, regardless of suture pattern, withstood supraphysiologic pressures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Jejunal serosal patches adequately sealed large, open duodenal defects and prevented leakage in these constructs. Constructs with simple continuous or simple interrupted suture patterns withstood physiologic and supraphysiologic intraluminal pressures, although constructs with a simple interrupted suture pattern initially leaked at higher pressures.

The prevalence of the causative agents of feline upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) has been previously documented in many regions worldwide, but has yet to be reported in eastern Canada. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of feline herpesvirus(-1) (FHV(-1)), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydia felis (C. felis), and Bordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica) in a population of shelter cats with clinical signs related to URTD on Prince Edward Island, Canada; to compare the prevalence of FHV(-1) and FCV as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation (VI) in this population; and lastly, to determine whether factors, such as co-infections, time of year, concurrent feline leukemia virus (FeLV)- or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive status, or clinical signs, were associated with prevalence of particular pathogens. Conjunctival, nasal mucosal, and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 82 cats with clinical signs consistent with URTD. Samples were pooled in transport medium and PCR was used to detect FHV(-1), FCV, and C. felis and VI was also used to detect FHV(-1) and FCV. A separate swab was submitted for aerobic bacterial culture to detect B. bronchiseptica. Feline herpesvirus(-1) (FHV(-1)) was the most prevalent in this population, followed by C. felis, B. bronchiseptica, and FCV. Of the 4 cats that were positive for B. bronchiseptica, 3 were concurrently positive for FHV(-1). All positive B. bronchiseptica cultures were resistant to cefovecin. The prevalence for FHV(-1) was lowest in autumn (seasons P < 0.001) and was positively associated with the presence of nasal discharge (P = 0.018) and coughing (P = 0.043).

OBJECTIVE To establish a reference interval for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined by measuring serum clearance of a single IV dose of inulin in clinically normal cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and compare serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration in cheetahs with GFR. ANIMALS 33 cheetahs housed at 3 institutions. PROCEDURES A single bolus of inulin (3,000 mg/m2) was administered IV, and 5 serial blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum inulin concentration with the anthrone technique. The GFR was estimated with a modified slope-intercept method for the slow component of the serum concentration-versus-time curve. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations were measured in samples obtained immediately prior to inulin administration, and serum SDMA concentration was measured in stored samples. RESULTS Mean ± SD measured GFR was 1.58 ± 0.39 mL/min/kg, and the calculated reference interval was 0.84 to 2.37 mL/min/kg. There were significant negative correlations between GFR and serum creatinine concentration (r = −0.499), BUN concentration (r = −0.592), and age (r = −0.463). Serum SDMA concentration was not significantly correlated with GFR (r = 0.385), BUN concentration (r = −0.281), or serum creatinine concentration (r = 0.165). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A reference interval for GFR in clinically normal cheetahs was obtained. Further evaluation of animals with renal disease is needed to determine whether measuring serum clearance of a single IV dose of inulin is a reliable diagnostic test for early detection of renal disease in cheetahs.