Pseudorabies has been controlled efficiently in China for many years by vaccination. However, it suddenly broke out in many pig farms in 2012–2013 in southern China. In this study, a systematic investigation that included virus isolation, genetic and pathological studies, and immunogenicity analysis was carried out with the aim of understanding the pathogenetic and antigenic features of novel isolates of pseudorabies virus (PRV). Of 38 tissue samples collected from pigs with clinical signs of pseudorabies on 13 farms in 4 provinces in southern China in 2012–2013, 29 showed wild-type PRV infection by polymerase chain reaction. Sequence analysis of 5 isolates from the 4 provinces showed that they belonged to a relatively independent cluster that shared 2 insertions of a single amino acid in the gE gene and 1 insertion of 7 amino acids in the gC gene. In experiments, isolate ZJ01 caused death in 100% of pigs that were either 14 or 80 days old. The serum antibodies to the commercial PRV vaccines had significantly lower neutralizing activity against the ZJ01 isolate than against the vaccine strains. The antigenic relatedness between ZJ01 and the vaccine strains was 0.378 to 0.455. These findings indicated that a novel, highly virulent PRV strain with antigenic variance had spread widely in southern China.

Sodium nitrite is widely used as a color fixative and preservative in meat and fish. Impairment of hepatic function and disturbances in lipid metabolism are well recognized adverse effects of sodium nitrite. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of bis [4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybezylidineaminophenyl)]telluride, a novel compound, in preventing the hepatic damage and disturbances of lipid metabolism induced by sodium nitrite toxicity in male albino rats. The estimated LD50 of [4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybezylidineaminophenyl)]telluride in adult male albino rats is 218.7 mg/kg body weight. Rats given sodium nitrite (0.2%) in the drinking water showed a significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, Total cholesterol, TG. LDL and VLDL while HDL significantly reduced. These changes are reversed by administration of bis [4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybezylidineaminophenyl)]telluride in a dose of 11mg/kg body weight corresponding to 1/20 LD50. It is concluded that bis [4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybezylidineaminophenyl)]telluride is effective in preventing hepatic damage and dislipidemia in sodium nitrite intoxicated male rats.

Twenty samples of Laryngeal and Tracheal tissues from laying chickens of two flocks with suspicious infectious laryngeotracheitis were tested for the detection of the causative virus by using virus isolation in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF)cell culture and chicken embryos by chorioallantoic membrane inoculation and conventional polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The virus was isolated from three samples (larynx and trachea) out of ten samples at Al-Sawara city on (CEF)cell culture and produce pock lesions on chorioallantoic membrane of infected chicken embryos in which the virus was isolated. Positive PCR results were detected in the three clinical samples, isolated virus in CEF cell culture and isolated virus in chicken embryos (inoculated on chorioallantoic membrane).

The present study assigns the effect of neuroectomy to bone healing of experimentally induce bone fracture in 3rd metacarpal bone ,in donkeys by macroscopic, radiographic and evaluation of mineral levels(ca,p). Sixteen donkeys of male sex with the age 1.5- 2 years, weighting 125-150 kg. were used for this study. These animals were healthy clinically. The donkeys were divided randomly into two groups( non- neuroectomized and neuroectomized) eight donkeys each group. The animals anaesthetized with xylazine Hcl at dose 0.5 mg/kg. B.W., then injectable Ketamine Hcl at the dose 3 mg/kg B.W.which administered intravenously. The animals of non- neuroectomized group, induced one fracture at the mid of the shift of 3rd metacarpal bone. Evaluated with clinical signs macroscopical, estimation of level of mineral and radiographic examination. Gross examination swelling in the site of fracture and lameness. The callus formation shows in radiographic examination.The calcium concentration was highly significant increase after 30th and 60th days , which the phosphorus level increase after 30th days and then s decrease at 60th days

This study was performed to detect the antibodies against the virus-infectionassociated antigen (VIAA) in previously diseased sheep in Basra. The test is valuablein epizootiological surveys because only infected animals with foot and mouth diseasevirus will give positive reaction.Seventy five sheep sera were re-tested by AGID test to VIA antibodies from241 sheep sera examined by ELISA-VIAA test, collected from 13 suspicious infectedsheep flocks with FMD from two areas in Basra.It was found -by AGID test that 56% of the total positive tested sheep sera toELISA build specific VIA antibodies against FMD virus, and that 96% of the negativeELISA samples were negative to AGID test.The results indicated that ELISA technique was more sensitive than AGIDtechnique

The present study was carried out to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in freshwater crab (Potamon mesopotamicum) in Tigris at North of Qurna, as well as their antibiotic resistance. A total of 21 bacterial isolates consisting three bacterial species were isolated from freshwater crab, P. aeroginosa, E. coli, A. hydrophila kanamycin was found to be effective against all the bacterial isolated whilst the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance was shown beyond to Lincomycin (76.4%) followed by ampicilin(66.14%), Erythromycin(57.3%).

This study performed in twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats for (90) days which divided randomly into four equal groups. Group (1): received normal saline daily. Group (2): received orally codeine-paracetamol(40/2500 mg / kg b.w) daily. Group (3): received orally codeine-paracetamol (80/5000 mg / kg b.w)daily. Group (4): received orally codeine- paracetamol (160 /10000 mg / kg b.w) daily. After end of day (90) of study all animals were sacrificed to do the histopathological and biochemical examinations. The statistical analysis results revealed the body weight effects of codeine-paracetamol toxicity a significant (P≤0.05) decreases of treated group after (90) days of treatment. The histopathological investigation of liver, kidney and brain of treated groups showed centrolobular necrosis, dilation of sinusoids, vaculation of hepatocytes and septal fibrosis of liver while kidney showed vaculation of mesengial cells of glomeruli, necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and dilation of renal cortical tubules, also brain of treated group showed vaculation of neurons, these changes are appeared mild in group (2), moderated in group (3) and sever in group (4). The statistical analysis results of biochemical investigations of liver and kidney function tests showed a significant (P≤0.05) increases of levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin and creatinine respectively in all treated groups which these enzymes increased mildly in group (2), moderately in group (3) and severely in group (4).

This study was carried out in Veterinary Medicine College / University of Basrah to investigate the effect of Bisphenol A on thyroid, liver and testicular functions. A total of 24 adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, six animals in each group. Animal of group (1) served as control and received a daily oral administration of corn oil throughout the experimental protocol. Animals of group 2, 3 and 4 were administered orally 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of BPA respectively dissolved in corn oil, the experiment extended for 30 days. The results of the present study showed a significant decrease in serum thyroxin (T4) concentration and a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) concentration in bisphenol A treated groups. A significant decrease in serum testosterone and LH concentrations in all BPA-treated groups compared with control. On other hand non significant decrease in serum concentrations of FSH were observed in BPA-treated groups compared with control. A significant decrease in epididymal sperm count and sperms motility in all BPA treated groups. However no significant differences were noted in sperms viability between all BPA treatment groups and control. Histopathological changes were found in thyroid glands of male rats with different doses of BPA, also central vein dilation, enlarged nuclei, vacuolation of hepatocytes were observed in the liver of BPA treated groups and different degrees of histological changes include depression of spermatogenesis, decrease of leydig cells in dose dependent manner were found in testicular tissues of BPA treated groups.

This Study was conducted in animal house in Faculty of veterinary medicine of university of kufa. This study was designated to assess the neuropathy of Organophosphorus pesticide (Methomyl) after long–term administration of low dose in Rock pigeons. The Clinical signs, gross lesions and histopathological assessment of nervous tissue were described. A total of 20 pigeons, 3months old and about 500g average body weight pigeons were used in this study. The pigeons were equally divided in to tow groups. The dose was calculated based on study at close pilot at 0.02 ml and gradually lose the dose down to the toxic non-lethal dose. The toxic dose was 0.01 ml. One group was daily administered via oral gavages with 0.01 ml of methomyl; for 21 days where as the other group were leave control without administration. Organophosphorus pesticide treated groups exhibited both muscarinic and nicotinic signs of toxicity.

The present study was conducted at the Animal Farm/ College of Agriculture/ University of Basrah during the period from 2/12/2012 to 2/3/2013. The study included 24 milking ewes aged around 2-4 years, having single lamb, closely lambing date and weighted 42 kg. After giving the ewes preliminary period of 10 days, they were distributed randomly and equally to six feeding groups. The first group was fed 60% concentrate and 40% roughages; soya bean meal was treated by formaldehyde. The second group was fed 60% concentrate and 40% roughages with untreated soya bean meal. The third group was fed 50% concentrate and 50% roughages with treated soya bean meal. The fourth group was fed 50% concentrate and 50% roughages with untreated soya bean meal. The fifth group was fed 40% concentrate and 60% roughages with treated soya bean meal. The sixth group was fed 40% concentrate and 60% roughages with untreated soya bean meal (control). The ration was given as 4% of live body weight. The concentrate consisted of 40% barley, 20% corn, 30% wheat bran, 7% soya bean meal, 1% salt and 2% Calcium bicarbonate. Roughage was wheat straw treated with 4% urea and 3kg/ton yeast. Treated soya bean meal reduced degradable protein from 70% to 60%. There were no significant differences among feeding groups in pH, total bacteria and cellolytic bacteria before feeding. However, the differences reached significant level (P