Broiler chickens are frequently infected with Escherichia coli (E.coli), which often results in disease and high economic losses. Poultry of all ages are susceptible to infections with E.coli, but the most affected are birds of 4-5 weeks. In our study Serotypes O78 and O187 were chosen as they were the most prevalent isolated serotypes from diseased broiler chicken with respiratory affections specially CRD, one hundred chicks of different ages, sex and breeds (cobb, native, sasso) were used in this study. The samples were collected from privately owned poultry farms at EL Mina, Fayoum, Giza and Beni-Suef governorates, all sampled chicks showed clinical signs characteristic for E. coli affections including respiratory distress with or without diarrhea, Swabs from internal organs of 60 diseased chicks were subjected to bacterial examination. Out of 53 oxidase negative strains, 40 E. coli isolates were recovered, other Enterobacteriaceae including, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Out of 40 E.coli isolates, E. coli O78 was the most predominant serotype isolated (23) with an incidence of 57.5 % followed by E. coli O187 (12) isolates with an incidence of 30 % and E. coli O115 (5) isolates at percentage of 12.5%, The pre-prepared vaccine against E.coli serotype O used in this study was designed vaccine as it contains an E. coli strain that has been genetically-modified by the deletion of the aroA gene responsible for the biosynthesis of amino acids in the virulent E. coli parent strain (The GMO is named aroA- PTA-5094). The aroA gene-deleted vaccine can trigger a protective immunity in poultry against infection and disease from wild, virulent E. coli bacteria found in the environment. However, because the aroA gene is deleted, the live vaccine bacterium becomes a-virulent and unable to form a self-sustaining population since the vaccine strain has lost the capability to synthesize the amino acids necessary for its survival. The E. coli vaccine dosages were calculated according to a titer of 5.0x106 cfu per dose, one hundred one day old chicks were divided into 5 groups each one 20chicks,group 1, control negative and groups 4 and 5 control positive for serotype O78 and serotype O178 ,while group 2 vaccinated at one day and challenged with E.coli O78 at age of 25 day old, also group 3 vaccinated at 5 day old and challenged with E.coli O178 at age of 25 day old, Two findings, the average lesion scores of air sacs in the groups 4 and 5,four and 3 birds died in the positive control at two days post challenge with E. coli O78 and O178 respectively. The birds were found to have acute, severe septicemia and E. coli could be isolated from the livers. The mortality and morbidity rates of the birds vaccinated with E. coli aroA-live vaccine was great better significant difference from the positive control group showing no mortalities and low pathological picture. There were significant differences in the FCR among the 3 groups significantly less than those of the positive control groups; the body weight was higher in vaccinated groups. Our conclusion, vaccination improves health and FCR and ABW of broiler chicks

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis vaccine was prepared from a local field isolate. Vaccination of sheep with 50g PLD toxoid and 10 mg bacterin adjuvanted with Montanide oil improved the levels of immune responses of sheep. In many countries, inactivated C. pseudotuberculosis adjuvant vaccines have been used for prevention and control of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep. However, the efficacy was variable. The aim of the present study was directed to prepare and evaluate the potency of an inactivated C. pseudotuberculosis vaccine using Montanide ISA206. Sheep were vaccinated with 1st dose of 2ml containing 10 mg bacterin and 50g toxoid and Montanide ISA 206 oil adjuvant and boostered with the same dose 15 days Apart. Evaluation of post vaccinal cellular immune response with lymphocyte proliferation assay and humoral immune response using ELISA was carried out. Cell mediated immune response of vaccinated sheep reached its peak 0.445 by 1st week post the second vaccination. The level of humoral immune response showed optical density of 1.005 by 1st week post the second vaccination. Challenge test was done in all sheep four weeks after the second dose of vaccination. Three sheep from vaccinated and three sheep from non-vaccinated groups were slaughtered and necropsied 150 days post challenge. The results revealed 75% protection percentage against challenge while unvaccinated challenged sheep showed 9% protection. Statistical analysis indicated that the vaccine assessed a significant level of cellular and humoral immunity.

Information regarding the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of udder and teat affections is scarce in ruminant. The present study was conducted on 30 cows, 20 ewes and 45 does. The surgical affections of udder and teats were recorded in 10 cows, 5 ewes and 15 does. In normal udder, glandular parenchyma on ultrasonographic examination appeared as homogenous and hyperechoic with anechoic alveoli, the milk appeared with high pitched anechoic large areas. While in the teat skin echoed strongly, the middle layer less echogenic than skin in a homogenous, uniform pattern and the teat canal represented by extending area between the two hyper-echoic lines forming anechoic lumen. In multiple abscesses, the glandular parenchyma of udder appeared as multiple hyper-echoic areas surrounded by hypo-echoic margin. In case of super numerary teats, presence of hypo-echoic to an-echoic areas separated by hyper-echoic septa due to each teat had separated milk cisternae. In case of complete teat obstruction, presence of hyper-echoic obstructive mass which present in teat canal. In conclusion, ultrasonography is a good tool for differential diagnosis of different udder and teat affections.

A total of 120 fish samples were collected from different water sources in El Fayoum Governorate, (Bahr El Banat agricultural drainage, different fish farms and Al Rayaan Lake). and represented by Clarias gariepinus from Bahr El Banat agricultural drainage, different fish farms (15 each), Mugil cephalus from different fish farms and Al Rayaan Lake (15 each), Solea solea (30 samples) and Oreochromis niloticus from Bahr El Banat agricultural drainage, different fish farms and Al Rayaan Lake (10 each). Fourteen organochlorine compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography. Fish samples from Bahr El Banat revealed the highest mean levels of p,p'-DDD, endrin, endosulfan, γ-chlordane, heptachlor and γ-HCH, while fish samples from Al Rayaan Lake have shown the highest mean level of methoxychlor, p,p'-DDT, p,p'- DDE, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, δ-HCH and α-HCH. Most of the examined fish samples from different species, are within the maximum residue limits and should not pose a health risk to consumers. The public health hazards were discussed as well as recommendations were done.

The present work designed to describe the histological and histochemical features of parotid gland in buffaloes and cows.The glands were collected from ten heads of buffaloes and cows used. The histological and histochemical study revealed that the parotid gland in buffaloes and cows are compound tubuloacinar-type, having dense connective tissue capsule, the parenchyma consists of acini, intercalated, striated and excretory duct, acini surrounded by myoepithelial cells.The parotidis a purely serous gland. histochemical study,demonstrated of mucopolysaccharide by using combined AB-PAS, acini shows weak to moderate reaction in buffaloes but weak reaction in cows.

Ten samples of baffula stomach including rumen, reticulum, omasum Abomasum were collected from slaughter of Basrah .Tissue sections were done and stained with alcian blue and acridin orange dyes then photographed by light and fluorescent microscope .The histochemical study showed that all four parts of stomach consist of mucosa,submucosa ,muscular and serosal layer .The histochemical study showed that mucopolysacchrides distributed in all histological layers but with high density in the mucosal layer.

The study was conducted in Collage of Veterinary Medicine Basrah University,to evaluate the effect of proanthocyanidin and ranitidin on gastric ulcer, haematological and biochemical parameters changes by using female rabbits with acute gastric lesions induced by indomethacin.The study done on (30)adult female rabbits, their weight ranged between (1500-2000.0mg); divided into five groups, each group consist of six rabbits as the following: Group1:- healthy (negative control group) administrated normal saline (0.9 of normal saline) for 10 days; Group 2:-given indomethacin 75mgkg B.W. for two days(positive control group); Group 3:- at first given indomethacin 75mgkg B.W. for two days, then treated with proanthocyanidin(PA) 100mgkg B.W. for 10 days; Group 4, initially given indomethacin 75mgkg for two days, then treated with proanthocyanidin(PA) 200mgkg for 10 days; Group 5, given indomethacin 75mgkg for two days, then treated with ranitidin 50mgkg for10 days.The results showed that proanthocyanidin(PA) and ranitidin caused significant reduction (P≤0.05) in gastric volume, ulcer area, serum MDA, gastric tissue MDA while significant increase (P≤0.05) in mucin and gastric pH. It also revealed significant decrease (P≤0.05) in glucose concentration in rabbits treated with proanthocyanidin compared to positive control group while showedno-significant change in glucose concentration in rabbits treated with ranitidine compared with positive control group. It also, showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in Red Blood Cell(RBC),Hemoglobin(Hb) andMean Corpuscle hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) in rabbit treated with proanthocyanidin or ranitidin, while there was significant decrease (P≤0.05) in Mean Corpuscle Volume(MCV) in rabbits treated with proanthocyanidin in dose of 100mgkgand ranitidine in a dose of 50mg/kg with non-significant change of MCV in female rabbits with gastric ulceration treated with proanthocyanidin at dose 200 compared with positive control group.It showed non-significant changes in White Blood Cell (WBC) of female rabbits with gastric ulceration treated with proanthocyanidin compared with positive and negative control groups, while the results showed significant decrease (P≤0.05) in WBC of female rabbits with gastric ulceration treated with ranitidine group compared with positive and negative control groups and the other groups. The study revealed significant decrease (P≤0.05) in total cholesterol, triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL) and very Low Density Lipoprotein(VLDL) of female rabbits with gastric ulceration treated with proanthocyanidin and ranitidine group compared with positive control group while it showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in rabbits treated with proanthocyanidin and ranitidine group compared with positive control group. It is concluded that proanthocyanidin extract of the grape seeds(Vitis vinifera)displayed good antiulcer activity, hypoglycemia effect, amelioration of heamatological parameters and improve dyslipidemia corroborating the folk use of Vitis vinifera preparations, and contributing for its pharmacological validation.

The seminiferous tubules of the testes of rabbits were lined by multilayered germ cells . The first layer was occupied by the spermatogonia , which were differentiated into type A(dusty type) spermatogonia, Intermediate type and type B (crusty type) spermatogonia. Pictures of Preleptotene, Leptotene, Zygotene ,Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis. Primary spermatocytes were found and followed by secondary spermatocytes. Reading the morphological changes, the spermatid proposed 10 stages of cellular association during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in rabbit .