A Holstein Friesian crossbred cow after six months of second calving was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Theni, with a history of whitish vaginal discharge for the past two weeks. Rectal examination revealed bilaterally distended uterine horns with no palpable foetal structures and purulent material was expelled during the examination. Ultrasound examination revealed hyperechoic contents in both the uterine horns and a mature corpus luteum in the right ovary. Based on the clinical and ultrasound findings, the case was diagnosed as pyometra. Approximately 1.6 litters of purulent materials were evacuated using a suction apparatus and inj. PGF2αwas administered on the same day. The cow was treated with parenteral antibiotic, antihistamine and intrauterine antibiotic therapy for five days. After a month of sexual rest, a follow-up ultrasound examination revealed a normal uterus with no signs of pathology and the cow was subsequently inseminated. The case of open type pyometra in the lactating Holstein Friesian crossbred cow was successfully treated by evacuating the purulent material using a suction apparatus and followed by therapeutic management.

In all age groups of birds, there was significant PAS positive activity in the capsule, septa, apical region of lining epithelial cells of intercalated duct, intralobular duct, and interlobular duct, as well as blood vessels in all lobes of the pancreas. The PAS positive activity of the zymogen granules in groups I and II was extremely high, whereas it was reduced to moderate and moderate to low in groups III and IV, respectively. Intense PAS activity was visible on the basement membrane and apical border of the lining epithelial cells of interlobar ducts. All endocrine lobes across all age groups of birds had modest to moderate PAS activity.

The occurrence of Trichuris sp. nematodes in the caecum and colon of a free-ranging female gaur (Bos gaurus) observed during necropsy is reported. The body condition of the animal was thin with appreciable muscle wasting, sunken eye balls, rough hair coat, enlarged lymph nodes and pale mucous membrane. On necropsy, worms were found adhering to the mucosa of the caecum and colon. The worms were collected in 10% formalin, processed and identified as Trichuris sp. The worms were white in colour with whip-like anterior end, males were shorter than females. A total of 265 worms were recovered out of which 80 were male worms and 185 were female worms. The adult males were 30-55 mm long and 0.2-0.6 mm in width with a slender filiform anterior end comprising and a coiled posterior end. The adult females were 60-70 mm long and 0.3- 0.6 mm in width with a straight posterior end. It is however not probable that this infection could be one of the factors causing death of the animal.

A four-year old fullterm pregnant doe in its third parity was presented to the obstetrical ward with the history of unproductive straining for the past 24 hours. Physical examination revealed that the doe was anorectic, dehydrated, and had moderate rise in body temperature. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of an abnormal dead fetus. Per-vaginal examination revealed that the cervix had incomplete dilatation. Hence, the cesarean section was opted to relieve the dead fetus. After cesarean section, the defective fetus was found to be schistosomous reflexus monster. Postoperatively, the doe had an uneventful recovery, indicative of a successful surgical outcome.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of OPU session i.e OPU performed at known stage of cycle (OPU1) vs OPU performed at unknown stage of cycle (OPU2), on oocyte yield and in-vitro embryo production in two different Bos indicus breeds i.e., Ongole (n=6) and Gir (n=6) heifers, aged 2-4 years.  OPU 1 was carried out on day 9 (luteal phase) of induced cycle and after a resting period of 3-4 weeks OPU2 was performed at random stage of cycle.  A total of 24 OPU sessions were performed in 12 animals.  The mean antral follicle count (AFC) (32.58±2.22 and 30.50±2.16), cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) recovery (24.58±2.50and 22±1.95), viable oocyte yield (21.25±2.20and 19.33±1.72) and embryos produced (5.91±0.9and 6.66±1.13) in OPU 1 and OPU 2 respectively,did not show significant variation (P>0.05). Similarly the breed of the oocyte donor had not shown any effect on OPU-IVEP parameters. The results suggest that the stage of estrous cycle did not impact the efficacy of OPU. Ongole and Gir heifers, both being Bos indicus category, performed uniformly in both OPU sessions.

Mango (Mangifera indica) is a leading tropical fruit crop that is grown worldwide. Different parts of the mango fruit have traditionally been used for various medicinal  applications.  The  current  study  explored  the  phytochemical  components of mango leaf extract and examined its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, coumarins, glycosides, saponins, and tannins in the extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds in the extract. The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract showed dose-dependent inhibition  against  Escherichia  coli  (11–8  mm),  Staphylococcus  aureus  (13–8  mm), and Salmonella enterica (11–7 mm). The extract also exhibited dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity, reflecting its strong antioxidant potential. Therefore, the ethanolic leaf extract of Mangifera indica has considerable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities,  implying  its  potential  use  in  the  food  and  pharmaceutical  industries.

This study examines livestock population dynamics across three western Indian   states—Gujarat,   Maharashtra,   and   Rajasthan—from   1997   to   2019. Using  five decadal  livestock  census  periods,  we  analyzed  species-specific data for cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats. Statistical tools including the Coefficient of Variation (CV%), R-square (R²), Cuddy Della Valle Instability Index (CDVI), Coppock Instability Index (CII%) and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR%) were applied to assess intertemporal variability and stability trends.The results reveal divergent trends. Gujarat showed relatively stable growth in cattle and buffalo populations with moderate sheep population instability. Maharashtra experienced a notable decline in cattle and buffalo with highly volatile trends in goats. Rajasthan’s livestock sector exhibited high volatility, particularly in sheep, while showing robust growth in buffalo and goats. These findings underscore the need for species-specific and state-specific livestock policy frameworks to manage population  volatility  and  ensure  sustainability  in  rural  livestock  economies.  

The case was presented with a history of dystocia and retention of the placenta, and the placenta along with the fetus required manual removal. Clinical signs indicated an anxious and alert expression marked by erect ears, high rectal temperature (105 oF), general muscular stiffness and dilated nostrils, along with reduced rumination and bloat. The prolapse of the third eyelid was noticed and the tail exhibited stiffness with a pump-handle posture and limited movement. The treatment plan included penicillin, methocarbamol, human tetanus immunoglobulin, meloxicam and fluids. After three days of treatment, slight signs of improvement were noted, with complete recovery achieved after ten days of treatment.

Rational drug design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on knowledge of the biological target. Drug design involves the design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the bimolecular target to which they interact and therefore will bind to it. In the experiment based approach, drugs are discovered through trial and error. With high R&D cost and consumption, computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions and reduce time and cost. Scientists can predict whether the molecule will succeed or fail in the market. Currently, the process of drug designing increasingly relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. In computational drug discovery, different computational tools, methods, and software are used to simulate drug receptor interactions. Using computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions with less time and cost.

Chlortetracycline (CTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline group of drugs. It is commonly used in the poultry industry for the treatment of bacterial infections and is also used as a growth promoter. This study was aimed at validating the sensitive HPLC method for the assay of CTC in chicken plasma. The method consisted of isocratic elution with separation using a C]8 column. The mobile phase used in the study was aqueous oxalic acid (0.03M), acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 60:30:10. The HPLC conditions included a flow rate of Iml/min with UVdetection at 375nm. CTC in chicken plasma was extracted with Mcllvaine buffer followed by dilution with water in the ratio of 1:1 andfiltered using 0.22p filters. The peak of chlortetracycline was noticed at 5-6 minis. The method was linear from 0.05mg/ml to 10mg/ml. The recovery percentage from plasma was recorded as 110%. Thus, from this study it is inferred that this method is optimal for the assay of CTC in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies.