This study was performed to detect the antibodies against the virus-infectionassociated antigen (VIAA) in previously diseased sheep in Basra. The test is valuablein epizootiological surveys because only infected animals with foot and mouth diseasevirus will give positive reaction.Seventy five sheep sera were re-tested by AGID test to VIA antibodies from241 sheep sera examined by ELISA-VIAA test, collected from 13 suspicious infectedsheep flocks with FMD from two areas in Basra.It was found -by AGID test that 56% of the total positive tested sheep sera toELISA build specific VIA antibodies against FMD virus, and that 96% of the negativeELISA samples were negative to AGID test.The results indicated that ELISA technique was more sensitive than AGIDtechnique

This Study was conducted in animal house in Faculty of veterinary medicine of university of kufa. This study was designated to assess the neuropathy of Organophosphorus pesticide (Methomyl) after long–term administration of low dose in Rock pigeons. The Clinical signs, gross lesions and histopathological assessment of nervous tissue were described. A total of 20 pigeons, 3months old and about 500g average body weight pigeons were used in this study. The pigeons were equally divided in to tow groups. The dose was calculated based on study at close pilot at 0.02 ml and gradually lose the dose down to the toxic non-lethal dose. The toxic dose was 0.01 ml. One group was daily administered via oral gavages with 0.01 ml of methomyl; for 21 days where as the other group were leave control without administration. Organophosphorus pesticide treated groups exhibited both muscarinic and nicotinic signs of toxicity.

Tenotomized Achilles tendon Rabbits were used to investigate the effect of lowintensity pulsed ultrasound (LPUS) to accelerate the repair of injured tendon. The medial Achilles tendons of 18 local breed male rabbits were transected of all animals without suture, and bandaging was performed to immobilization the injured limb. Nine animals were chosen randomly to receive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, the other 9 animals served as control. pulsating ultrasound with intensities 500 mW/cm2 and frequency 2.5 MHz were given over the healing tendons for 10 minute daily, using a gel as the coupling agent between the ultrasound probe and the skin. The healing tendons were evaluated clinically, macroscopically and microscopically for three periods at 7, 14 and 21 days respectively after tenotomy, three rabbits for each period. In the ultrasound-treated group at 14 and 21 days postoperatively, the macroscopic and histological studies demonstrated that the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhanced the healing of tendomize Achilles tendon. The ultrasound treated group showed more mature organization at all end points of injured tendons compared

The aim of study is provide basic data about the histological features of the liver of local Iraqi ducks and to study the glycogen content in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. The anatomical examination showed that liver laid cranial part of the abdominal cavity caudally and ventrally to the heart and associated to the gizzard. The liver of Mallard is divided into two undivided lobes right and left lobes (the right lobe is larger than left lobe). Histological examination revealed that the liver consist of several lobules separated from each other by thin trabeculae of connective tissue extend from delicate capsule that enclosed the liver. The basic unit of the parenchyma of liver is hepatocyte which arranged in plates or cords like that radiated around the central vein and between these cords there is sinusoids lined by alayer of fenestrated endothelial cells and Kupffer's cells. In the boundary of each lobule showed portal area which consist of hepatic artery; hepatic vein and bile duct lining by cuboidal cells. The histochemical study showed formed differ size of glycogen granules in cytoplasm of hepatocytes and in some speciment the glycogen large granules arranged around the central vein because the bird in starvation period .the liver of Mallard generally is closely similar to the liver of another avian birds and vertebrates

Prevalence and anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes in 430 sheep investigate by faecal examination was conducted in Qushtapa, Khabat, Benslawa, Salahaddin subdistricts in Erbil, from April to July 2012. The mean eggs per gram (EPG) count determined by using modified McMaster technique, showed that (40.46%) of the sheep were infested, the higher infection was 17.2% Nematodirus spp., 13.02% Strongylus spp., 4.18% Marshaligia spp., 2.79% Trichurus spp. and 3.25% with coccidia. Four farms were selected randomly each divided to control and three treatment groups: Levamisol, Albendazole and Ivermectin groups. Anthelmintic efficacy was measured after treatment dates were investigated with faecal egg count reduction test, the FECRT percentage for Levamisol in sheep ranged from 80.3 to 94.7 which show most effective in Khabat with FECRT of 94.7% while with Albendazole ranged from 75.5% to 80.2%, suspected resistant in all group, but the injectable Ivermectin in sheep ranged from 85.2 to 94.8 and show effective in Bnaslawa and Salahaddin with FECR of 94.6% and 94.8% respectively. All the anthelmintic were found to be low effective, but resistance to Albendazole was suspected. Based on the findings, it was concluded that development of anthelmintic resistance could be prevented by avoiding frequent dosing and under dosing, while strategic deworming should be practiced by both animal health workers and animal owners.

A total of seventy four egg samples were collected from different markets sources, to investigated for Salmonellaspp. the bacteria was isolated and identified using culturing on selective media, in addition to, biochemical and serotyping by monovalent antisera. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) detection of theinvA; and DH genes was used for conformation of the identification of the Salmonella spp.. Twenty eight samples from seventy four eggs provide positive results with PCR as Salmonella spp. depending on InvA gene which is the target for the identification at the genus level.

This study was designated to investigate the effect of light color and stocking density on some productive performance of broilers. A total of 675 Ross 308 one-dayold broiler chicks were used in this study. The birds were exposed to white light (WL) as a control , red light (RL), blue light (BL), green light (GL), and Blue – Green mix light (BGL) by a light-emitting diode system (LED) applied for 24 hours daily in separated rooms. The birds were randomly divided and housed into 9 wooden sealed pens of 1m2in three replicates for each density 12, 15 and 18 birds/m2in the room. The results showed that the broilers reared under BGL significantly increased (P< 0.05) body weight (BW) and weight gain (WG) at 1st, 3rdand 5thweek. Obviously, stocking density had no significant effect on BW and WG at 1stweek but significantly increased under 12 birds/m2at 3rdand 5thweek. Feed intake (FI) recorded a significant increase (P< 0.05) in broilers reared under WL at 1stweek, but no statistical difference was found at 3rdweek whereas, FI significantly increased (P< 0.05) in broilers reared under BL at 5thweek. The stocking density affected FI values which were significantly differed (P< 0.05) at 1st, 3rdand 5thweek under 12 birds/m2compared with other densities. The results of the study revealed a significant increase (P< 0.05) of Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers reared under BL at 1stweek and RL at 3rdweek but there was no significant difference between groups at 5thweek. The results indicated a significant difference of FCR value in 18 birds/m2at 1st week but there were no significant differences at 3rdand 5thweek at different densities. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that chickens reared under five different color lighting schedules with three bird densities showed that broilers reared under mixing blue – green light under 12 birds/m2has a significant positive effects on production performance compared with other light programs and bird densities

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily members are closely associated with tissue remodelling events and reproductive processes. The present study aimed to determine the role of immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin-α, βA, and βB subunits on serum growth growth and differentiation hormones profile during pregnancy, delivery, and lactation periods in primiparous female Wister rats.Eighty four pregnant primiparous female rats were assigned to 4 groups (21 per each). On 5 th and 10 th day of gestation, control was injected with saline (100μl, i.p.), Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups were injected with inhibin-α, βA, and βBantiserum (1µg in 100μl of saline, i.p.), respectively. Each group was allocated to 3 equal subgroups: pregnancy, delivery, and lactation subgroups were sacrificed on day 16 of gestation, 1st day after parturition, and 11 th day of lactation, respectively. At the end of each subgroups period, females were anesthetized, dissected and blood samples were obtained for assessment of inhibin-A, -B, activin-A , -B, -AB, GH, and prolactin levels. Serum inhibin-A concentration in Tbb group increased during pregnancy and delivery among experimental groups. In comparison between periods, Tbb group showed significantly higher level during pregnancy and decreased during delivery and lactation, whereas Ta and Tba groups recorded no difference between periods. Inhibin-B increased in control and Tba groups during pregnancy, whereas lactation period showed higher levels in Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups compared with control. Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups recorded no siginificant differences between pregnancy and delivery periods but they were significantly higher in lactation period.During pregnancy and delivery, Tbb group revealed higher levels of activin-A and lowest level of activin-B concentrations among groups, whereas activin-AB concentration increased in control and Ta groups. In comparison between periods, activin-A concentration was higher at delivery, whereas activin-B and –AB concentrations were higher at lactation. Serum GH, in Ta group, recorded higher level during the three periods among groups. In comparison between periods, the levels of GH and PRL in all groups showed higher levels at delivery followed by lactation and pregnancy.In conclusion, passive im munization against inhibin-α, βA, but not βB subunit, at 5th and 10th day of pregnancy, have ameliorating role on serum growth and differentiation hoemones profile

This study aimed to investigate the Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extracted of silymarin from Silybum marianum seeds and to compare it’s with the commercial silymarin extract(legalon) against oral dosing of Nickel chloride effects on sperms concentration, motility ,viability, sperm abnormality and male fertility and gonadal hormones .Twenty adult male rabbits aged 5 to 6 month and weighted 1.250-1.500 kg divided into four equal groups,1 st group served as control group received 1 ml of normal saline (NaCl 0.9%),2 nd group received (1mg/100g B.W )NiCl2 orally, 3 rd group received same dose of NiCl2 plus (0.1mg/100g B.W) silymarin extract, the fourth group received same dose of NiCl2 plus (0.1mg/100g B.W) legalon for 35 days, Results showed negative effects of NiCl2 which caused significant(p≤0.05) decrease in sperm concentration ,viability, motility and fertility while sperm abnormality was significantly increase, also NiCl2 caused significant (p≤0.05) decrease in serum progesterone, estradiol and testosterone. while silymarin extract and legalon adverse the negative effects of NiCl2 and causing ameliorative effects on all the studied parameters .

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) seeds on blood glucose, total serum cholesterol and total serum protein in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. Twenty-four mature male rabbits (local breed) were randomly divided into four groups of equal number: (Control negative group (normal rabbits received 2 ml normal saline). Normal animals group treated orally with (200 mg /kg b.w.) alcoholic extract of fenugreek daily. Diabetic positive control group (induced diabetic rabbits received 2 ml normal saline). Diabetic group treated orally with (200 mg /kg b.w.) alcoholic extract of fenugreek daily. All group were deranched for six weeks. Diabetes was induced experimentally by single intravenous injection of alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/ kg b.w.).Estimation of blood glucose, total cholesterol and total protein was carried out weekly for all groups of the experiment. The results showed that alcoholic extract of T. foenum-graecum L. caused Significant decrease (P