The objective of this study was to assess the renal function in animals with renal failure after peritoneal dialysis. Animals with kidney failure presented to veterinary teaching hospital at Ankara University consisted of 4 dogs and one cat. Animals with kidney failure were treated with peritoneal dialysisapplication. Concentration of serum urea in all patients significantly decreased after the second attempt of peritonealdialysis but, not serum creatinine. When peritoneal dialysis procedures (4 to 10 times) completed, theconcentrations of serum urea and creatinine were significantly decreased in all animals. Complications identifiedduring PD were peritonitis, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, dialysate retention or leakage from the catheter site,edema and pleural effusion/chylothorax.In the present study, it was concluded that peritoneal dialysis procedure was a life-saving, easily applicable, and cost effective clinical procedure for companion animals with renal failure.

Interpretation of laboratory data is very important and based on comparison with reference intervals in routine practice. Leukocyte term includes all white blood cells and their precursors. These cells use blood circulation for going to the original tissues from their original locations. Total leukocyte count can be changed by various physiologic and pharmacologic reasons. In healthy cats, lymphocytes are the second most frequent leukocyte in the blood. Compared to middle-aged or old cats, young animals have higher absolute lymphocyte counts. The medical records of cats referred to the Ankara University Small Animal Hospitalfor general examination between April 2016 and August 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Complete bloodcount (CBC) data includes red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin, haematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume(MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood celldistribution width, platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes,eosinophils and basophils.Of 5292 cats, 191 cats at the age between 0 and 1 and with CBC data were included in the study. CBCswere obtained from all 191 cats at the first visit. The relationship of hematological data to the reference range issummarized in Table 2. It was observed that 25.7% of the cats had leucocyte counts below the reference intervaland 3% had above the reference interval. Considering neutrophil counts, it is seen that 23.3% were lower and4.5% were higher. According to the results of 191 hemogram tests, lymphocyte counts of 39 cats (19.3%) andmonocyte counts of 9 cats (4,5%) were found to be low.This is a novel study that includes the results of detailed examination of breed and age distributionof complete blood count results at the first clinical visits of cats. According to our retrospective screening results,it is seen that the relation of monocyte numbers with age is statistically significant. (p = 0.018) The biggestdifference between the two age groups in the study is the pre- and post-adolescence periods. It is important toprecisely know the results of CBC test in the first visit to the clinic and to take the necessary precautions toeliminate the abnormal results before vaccination.

The case was a 2.5-year-old calico cat with an abdominal mass, which was brought from a private clinic to Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Animal Hospital, Internal Diseases Clinic. It was reported that the cat was operated 20 days ago, a mass of 8 cm in diameter near the jejunum was removed, but a second mass in the region was noticed in the investigation. The mass removed with operation was found to be Lymphoblastic lymphocarcinoma. In the ultrasonography, a two lobed mass of 3x4.5 cm in size was detected in the mesenterium near the liver. An alternative treatment was considered to be performed instead of reoperation on determining that the mass recurred in a very short time and was malignant as a result of the pathology. Considering that the cat was young and with good general condition, it was decided to administer chemotherapy. Modified Wisconsin Maddison method was selected for the chemotherapy. Shortly after the initiation of the chemotherapy protocol, chemotherapy had to be discontinued due to dense acid accumulation in the abdomen and deterioration of the general condition. Feline Corona Virus was detected positive in the cat scanned for subclinical diseases.

To construct a novel vaccine candidate against bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), FanC, the major subunit of K99 fimbriae adhesion, was inserted into secretion plasmid pYA3560 containing a β-lactamase secretion system. This was then transformed into Δasd Δcrp Salmonella (S.) Typhimurium and designated as JOL950. Secretion of recombinant fanC fimbrial antigens was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Groups of mice were inoculated with single or double doses of JOL950. Another group was used as a negative control. Compared to control mice, all immunized mice had significantly higher levels (p less than 0.05) of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G, and secretory IgA against FanC. The IgG2a and IgG1 titer assays revealed that immunization highly induced IgG2a compared to that of IgG1, indicating that T helper-1- related cell-mediated immune responses may be elicited by JOL950. The results show that both systemic and mucosal immunities against selected fimbrial antigens of bovine ETEC expressed by a live attenuated S. Typhimurium strain are prominently produced in mice immunized with JOL950 via an oral route.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important zoonosis caused by the mosquito-transmitted JE virus (JEV), which is a causative agent of reproductive failure in pregnant sows. Detection of JEV antibodies in swine is performed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI), virus neutralization (VN), and the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The most stringent PRNT is the 90% endpoint PRNT (PRNT∧90). These conventional assays are difficult to carry out in diagnostic laboratories with insufficient instruments or cell culture systems. An alternative assay that is easily conducted and time efficient is required. In this study, we improved the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) with clarified antigen for the detection of JEV antibodies. The I-ELISA results obtained from 175 swine serum samples were compared with HI, VN, and PRNT∧90 results. The sensitivity of I-ELISA was 91.8%, 95.0%, and 94.7% compared with HI, VN, and PRNT∧90 results, respectively. The specificity of I-ELISA was 92.2%, 94.7%, and 94.7% compared with HI, VN, and PRNT∧90 results, respectively. Moreover, the I-ELISA results were significantly correlated with the HI (r = 0.93), VN (r = 0.95), and PRN∧T90 (r = 0.92) results. These results suggest that the improved I-ELISA is useful for serosurveillance of JEV in swine.

Concentrations of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate were measured by performing radioimmunoassay of the cerebrospinal fluid of 68 dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy or inflammatory, degenerative, or non-neurological disease. No steroid concentration differences were found among diagnoses. Dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate concentrations were higher in males than in females and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate decreased with increasing age. No sex or age effects were observed on cortisol or hormone ratios. Although limited to a relatively small sample, our results show sex- and age-dependent variations in these neurosteroid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. The role of such variations in the pathophysiology of the dog brain warrants further investigation.

A 9-month-old intact male Maltese dog (1.52 kg) was diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Transcatheter occlusion of the PDA was performed by using the Amplatz canine duct occluder (ACDO). After occlusion, reflex bradycardia occurred and lasted for at least 15 h with normal systolic arterial pressure and slightly increased diastolic arterial pressure. The bradycardia slowly resolved, and the heart rate was normal in re-examinations after 7 and 30 days. This is the first case of reflex bradycardia after ACDO implantation, in which the bradycardia continued for a long time, even after recovery from anesthesia.

A 6-month-old mature intact female Siamese cat presented with exertional dyspnea. Diagnostic studies revealed pleural effusion, grade 4/6 left basal systolic murmur, deep S-wave in electrocardiograph leads I, II, and III, cardiomegaly with pleural effusion on radiography, pulmonic systolic (~5.8 m/sec) and tricuspid (3.6 m/sec) regurgitant jets, atrial septal defect, and a hypoplastic right outflow tract. Based on these results, the case was diagnosed as pulmonic stenosis with atrial septal defect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing pulmonic stenosis with atrial septal defect in a cat in Korea.

Well-established standards and specifications for medical devices not only provide clarity and consistency in licensing processes but also secure device safety and effectiveness. This study reviewed regulatory standards and specifications for veterinary medical devices in Korea based on data obtained through analyses of those medical devices. General standards for electromechanical, electromagnetic, and biological safety and individual standards for 76 electric and 70 general medical device products have been established by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, the first standards and specifications for veterinary medical devices were established in March 2000 for two products (disposable needle and syringe). Similar to the large number of standards for medical devices, there have been general standards for safety and individual standards for 72 veterinary medical devices (27 electric medical devices, 12 non-electric medical devices, 10 medical supplies, and 23 other types) established since 2014. These new standards considered, among other aspects, the devices' applications, usage characteristics, and industrial environment. To date, the establishment of standards and specifications for veterinary medical devices remains limited. This study suggests that improvements should be made to the regulation of general and individual standards associated with various veterinary medical instruments, supplies, and in vitro diagnostic medical reagents.

Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as tomato, is widely used in raw, cooked, or liquid forms because it contains nutritional compounds that are beneficial for human health, including carotenoids, lycopene, ascorbic acid, vitamins, and minerals. The tomato is perhaps the most widely studied fruit, especially with respect to its cardioprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which the tomato elicits its antiinflammatory properties. We treated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with a tomato ethanol extract and performed various biochemical assays including nitric oxide inhibition, cell viability, RNA extraction, expression of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, and immunoblotting, as well we assessed cell survival rates. Our results have shown for the first time that a tomato ethanol extract treatment can suppress nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Moreover, it inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines and elicits its anti-inflammatory effects via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, administration of tomato syrup potently rescued mice from septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide injection. Collectively, our results elucidate details regarding the antiinflammatory mechanisms of tomato.