A eleven months old male non-descriptive dog was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu with the history of non–weight bearing lameness in both the hind limbs since birth. Animal was active and alert with all vital parameters were within the normal range. Physical examination revealed grade 4 lateral luxation of left patella and confirmed by radiography.Trochlear wedge recession sulcoplasty with tibial tuberosity repositioning was planned. Surgical site was aseptically prepared and under general anaesthesia, a cranial longitudinal incision on the skin and retinaculum was made to mobilize patella. Using osteotome a wedge-shaped bone was cut from trochlear groove and the sulcus was deepened laterally. The wedge was replaced into the sulcus in inverted manner. The tibial tuberosity was transported medially by partial osteotomy and a 1.2 mm Kwire were placed to fix the tibial tuberosity. The patella was replaced in its normal position. The retinaculum was sutured towards medially using synthetic absorbable suture material polyglycolic acid (2-0) by Ford interlocking suture pattern. Skin was opposed with polyamide (2-0) by cross mattress suture pattern. Crepe bandage was applied. Oral antibiotics, analgesics, and antacid drugs were followed for 7 days. The animal made uneventful recovery and able to walk with both the legs.

A 2-year-old male Kanni dog was presented to the Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu with a history of head tilt, unable to balance while walking and with suspicion of traumatic brain injury.   On clinical examination, neurological signs like compulsive walking, head tilt, circling, nystagmus, staggering gait, decreased proprioception and tactile reflexes were observed.    The blood samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical profile analysis and all parameters were in normal range except mild leukocytosis.  The cerebro-spinal fluid was collected and neuron specific enolase (NSE), a neural biomarker was estimated.  The CSF was red-tinged and had elevated NSE value (41.42 ng/ml). Based on history, clinical signs and NSE values, the case was diagnosed as central vestibular disease. The animal was treated with polyionic fluids – inj. ringers lactate @ 10ml/kg I/V, inj. hydroxyprogesterone caproate @ 2mg/kg, I/M, inj. cefotaxime @ 25 mg/kg I/V and Inj. B Complex vitamins, I/V.  The animal was prescribed with oral micronized progesterone @ 5 mg/kg.  On day 7, only mild head tilt and nystagmus were noticed. On day 14 post therapy, the clinical signs were resolved and NSE value became normal.

A crossbred Jersey cow was referred with a history of repeat breeding syndrome.  Routine  gynaeco-clinical  examination  revealed  normal  uterine  tract with palpable cyst-like structures near the right ovary and uterine tube. Trans- rectal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of  large, anechoic, cystic structure adjacent to the right ovary, consistent with an ovarian hydrobursitis coupled with hydrosalpinx. Early and accurate ultrasonographic diagnosis is essential for guiding clinical decision-making, particularly in repeat breeding cases, as timely intervention can significantly enhance reproductive outcomes and declare the fertility potential of valuable breeding animals.

Rational drug design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on knowledge of the biological target. Drug design involves the design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the bimolecular target to which they interact and therefore will bind to it. In the experiment based approach, drugs are discovered through trial and error. With high R&D cost and consumption, computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions and reduce time and cost. Scientists can predict whether the molecule will succeed or fail in the market. Currently, the process of drug designing increasingly relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. In computational drug discovery, different computational tools, methods, and software are used to simulate drug receptor interactions. Using computational drug discovery helps scientists gain insight into drug receptor interactions with less time and cost.

Chlortetracycline (CTC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline group of drugs. It is commonly used in the poultry industry for the treatment of bacterial infections and is also used as a growth promoter. This study was aimed at validating the sensitive HPLC method for the assay of CTC in chicken plasma. The method consisted of isocratic elution with separation using a C]8 column. The mobile phase used in the study was aqueous oxalic acid (0.03M), acetonitrile and methanol in the ratio of 60:30:10. The HPLC conditions included a flow rate of Iml/min with UVdetection at 375nm. CTC in chicken plasma was extracted with Mcllvaine buffer followed by dilution with water in the ratio of 1:1 andfiltered using 0.22p filters. The peak of chlortetracycline was noticed at 5-6 minis. The method was linear from 0.05mg/ml to 10mg/ml. The recovery percentage from plasma was recorded as 110%. Thus, from this study it is inferred that this method is optimal for the assay of CTC in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies.

Organophosphates (OP) and carbamates are widely utilized insecticides, but they also pose significant risks as sources ofintoxicationfor both humans and animals. A male non-descript dog, seven years old was presented with a chronic respiratory distress, dysphonia, exercise intolerance, and neurologic signs to Veterinary Clinical Complex, VCRI, Orathanadu on April 2023. Physical examination revealed elevated rectal temperature and congested mucous membrane with elevated heart beat and respiratory rate. Thoracic auscultation revealed muffled heart sound. The dog's medical history indicated a potential case of organophosphate poisoning. Treatment involved administering atropine sulfate, normal saline, ceftriaxone, and furosemide. However, throughout the treatment process, the dog continued to experience upper respiratory stridor and dyspnoea. Clinical examination and radiographic observations confirmed the diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis. This case highlights the occurrence of laryngeal paralysis polyneuropathy complex in a canine affected by organophosphate poisoning.

In India, small and marginal farmers, comprising 85% of the farming community, are pivotal to the rural economy. Addressing the rising demands amidst agricultural resource scarcity requires a holistic approach like Integrated Farming System (IFS). This method combines crop production, livestock, fishery, waste management, and poultry production synergistically. IFS boosts productivity, utilizes resources efficiently, and enhances food production, stabilizing income and ensuring nutritional security. A study in Karaikal district, Union Territory of Puducherry, which was an agricultural land and the entire farm revealed a benefit­cost ratio of 1.75, demonstrating IFS's potential in overcoming population growth and resource challenges.

A disease outbreak in lambs occurred in an organized sheep farm located in Siddarampuram village, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, during the winter season (November 2022 to February 2023). Out of a total of 68 lambs born, 12 lambs (17.64%) succumbed within a week, exhibiting clinical manifestations including sudden death, nasal discharges, frothy mouth discharges, fever, shivering, inability to walk, weakness, prostration, and respiratory distress. Gross and post-mortem examinations revealed the lungs as the major affected organs, displaying vascular changes and severe pneumonic alterations with pus discharge, indicative of a septicemic nature of the disease. Escherichia coli was isolated from the collected pus and tissues during the post-mortem examination. The study postulates that a sudden environmental change, coupled with cold stress, frost, and poor ventilation, likely exposed the lambs to E. coli septicemia, predominantly affecting the respiratory system. To address the mortality, amikacin was administered following antibiotic sensitivity tests. This approach successfully checked the spread of the disease. The findings highlighted the significance of environmental factors in disease outbreaks and emphasize the importance of targeted antibiotic treatments for effective control of an outbreak.

Diarrhoea is one of the most common clinical conditions seen in dogs caused by a variety of different etiological agents. Among common causative agents, Canine Parvovirus remains the most common cause of hemorrhagic diarrhea along with vomiting and is often accompanied by high mortality among susceptible dogs. Due to emerging strains, detection of CPV has become more challenging. Thus, a combination of molecular and immunological techniques offers a higher probability of correctly diagnosing the disease. With this objective, the study was done to detect different antigenic variants of CPV in dogs of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 238 clinical samples from affected dogs like feacal samples, urine samples and necropsied tissue samples were collected from different parts of Himachal Pradesh and processed in the laboratory. For molecular detection, the DNA of all the 238 samples were initially extracted and subjected to PCR amplification using primer pairs CPV-2, CPV-2ab, CPV-2b and CPV-2c targeting the VP2 gene. For immunological detection, all the samples were initially screened for HA activity using 1% washed pig erythrocytes. Samples showing positive HA activity were then serologically tested by HI and Dot ELISA using hyper- immune sera raised in rabbits.  A total of 109 samples out of 238 (45.8 %) were found positive for CPV in PCR assay. No sample was found positive for the original CPV-2 strain, CPV-2a and CPV-2c strains out of variant. In HA test, 89 out of 238 (37.39 %) samples showed positive HA titres ranging from 1:2 to 1:2048. that were then confirmed using HI test with similar results. However, 91 out of 238 (38.23 %)samples showed positive results in Dot ELISA with formation of distinct brown-coloured spots on nitrocellulose membrane.

The aim of the study was to develop herbal yoghurt by incorporating tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract at 1 and 1.5 per cent level. The developed herbal yoghurt samples were analysed for physico-chemical properties, antioxidant activity and sensory quality by standard methods. The incorporation of tulsi extract improved the antioxidant activity of yoghurt significantly.  The antioxidant activity of control and tulsi incorporated yoghurt (1 and 1.5 per cent) were 28.12±2.16, 41.82±1.51 and 53.1±1.51 per cent respectively. A decline in antioxidant activity was observed in all yoghurt samples after the third day of storage. No significant difference in fat and total solids content was observed in yoghurt samples incorporated with tulsi extract. The sensory scores of yoghurt incorporated with one per cent tulsi extract was significantly higher than that of control.  The study revealed that tulsi extract can be incorporated in to yoghurt to enhance the antioxidant activity without compromising the sensory quality.