A six-month-old pregnant female grey rabbit was presented to the outpatient unit of Madras Veterinary College, with a history of discharge from the vagina, dullness, inappetence and owner was not aware of the mating details. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen, pain on palpation, skin turgor for more than 2 seconds, with a dull woebegone appearance. On abdominal palpation, there was a hard mass suggestive of pregnancy. There were moderate purulent secretions from the vagina. The temperature was within normal range. The ultrasonographic assessment revealed pregnancy with visualization of fetal bones. However, none of the fetus had heartbeat and no clear visualization of fetal organs. However, fetal bones like skull and ribs were visualized. Ultrasonographic assessment revealed a bi-parietal diameter of 11.43 mm in a few fetus and which was tentatively diagnosed at approximately 19-20 days of pregnancy. Emergency surgery was performed, a hysterectomy was done and fetal contents were collected in sterile swabs were sent for microbial testing.  

A Kankrej cow was presented to the Large Animal Obstetrical Unit of the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Theni, with a history of foul-smelling vaginal discharge persisting for past one month and the cow had been previously treated for fetal maceration six months earlier during gestation. Per-vaginal examination revealed that the external os of the cervix was dilated to one finger width, with mucoid, foul-smelling discharge and per rectal examination revealed a hard mass in left uterine horn. Ultrasound examination confirmed the presence of hyperechoic mass in the left uterine horn. Based on the case history, rectal examination and ultrasound findings, the case was diagnosed as foetal bone remnants due to incomplete evacuation of macerated foetus. Despite administering prostaglandin (500 µg IM) to induce cervical dilation, the cervix did not sufficiently dilate. Therefore, laparo-hysterotomy was planned to remove the foetal bone remnants under local and paravertebral nerve block using 2 per cent lignocaine hydrochloride. Post-operative care included antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and supportive therapy for five days along with wound management. The cow had an uneventful recovery, with complete wound healing. Skin sutures were removed 14 days post-operation. The cow exhibited normal estrous cycle after a month of surgery. 

Shrikhand is a traditional fermented dairy product with added nutritional profile. The present study encompasses on analyzing the functional properties viz. phenolic content, antioxidant activity, microbial quality and calorific value of functional shrikhand incorporated with orange fruit peel extract. The statistical analysis inferred that extracts of orange contained phenolic content in the range of 7.78±0.36 to 16.25±0.94 mg/g during storage. The ethanol extracts incorporated functional shrikhand presented higher antioxidant activity (17.74 to 34.25%) than that of aqueous extracts (14.35 to 33.64%) of orange peel. On further comparison, the dried fruit peel extracts offered more TPC and antioxidant activity (16.25±0.94 to 10.85±0.21 and 34.25±0.05 to 22.80±0.31%) than fresh fruit peel extracts (15.85±0.39 to 7.78±0.36 and 28.58±0.15 to 14.35±1.09) respectively. The orange fruit peel incorporated functional shrikhand can be stored up to 15 days at 5°C without affecting the overall sensory acceptability with enhanced antioxidant activity and total phenolic content and it could be used as dairy supplement in human diet.

A clinical case of feline scabies was recorded in an eleven month old male cat. With thick yellow crusty erythematous lesions and alopecia on the head and ears, the skin scrapings revealed positive for Notoedres cati mite. Treatment with two doses of Ivermectin at the rate of 0.2 mg/kg body weight given by subcutaneous route biweekly for a month along with supportive therapy resulted in major improvement in the condition.

A rare case of pouched schistosomus reflexus in a Holstein Friesian crossbred cow, which was delivered per vaginum by mutation operation is reported.

A crossbred cow in her third parity was presented in the clinics with history of complete gestation period and dystocia. The three limbs were protruding through the vulva without further progress in delivery in spite of traction applied by local area veterinarian. Per vaginum examination revealed fetal monstrosity and a decision to perform subcutaneous fetotomy was taken which resulted in delivery of an ischiopagus monster.

A pluriparous crossbred Jersey cow in early lactation was reported to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Orathanadu with the history of anorexia, dull and depressed, coffee coloured urine and sternal recumbency for 3 days. On physical examination mucous membranes were slightly icteric, prescapular lymph node was of optimal size and presence of ticks on the surface of the body. Clinical examination revealed subnormal temperature (36.70 C), heart rate - 85 bpm, respiratory rate – 41 bpm (Tachypnoea). Hematology revealed PCV 51%, Hb – 5.2 g /dl and RBC – 3.2 mill/ cumm. Animal was treated with diminazene aceturate (Berenil® MSD Pvt. Ltd.,) @3.5 mg per kg body weight administered deep IM single dose, tranxanemic acid 10 ml IM, oxytetracycline @ 20 mg/ kg IV and supportive therapy for 5 days. Clinical improvement was observed on 7th day of treatement. This present case report describes successful management of Babesia bigemina infection in a transition cow.

A four years old primiparous Jersey crossbreed cow of one-month lactating was presented with swelling of right fore quarter and straw yellow milk. The grade of CMT test on milk was (+++). Klebsiella spp., isolation done by bacteriological culture of milk using blood agar. Plasma fibrinogen and plasma protein ratio was used as an indicator for assessment of recovery. Inj.Gentamicin 5 mg /kg IV & 10 ml intramammary along with supportive therapies were given for 5 days. 12thday post treatment the milk quality drastically improved.

This article attempts to review the role of indigenous chicken in rural India. Indigenous chicken farming is an age-old practice and an important tool to reduce poverty among the most under-privileged section of the Indian society particularly the rural tribes. It results in socio-economic development, nutritional and livelihood security, empowerment of women etc. among rural people. The surplus income earned from poultry rearing was used on education (33 %) and food (30 %). Majority (49.5 %) of the respondents reared indigenous chicken to meet petty expenses in Assam. Majority (67.5 %) of the indigenous chicken farmers were women, hence decisions for hatching, selling of surplus chicks eggs etc. were made by the women and they may be empowered greatly through improvement of their skills. It is an eco-friendly approach, where birds can exhibit their normal and natural behavior Birds are kept mostly on scavenging system, where they acquire their feeds through natural foraging, kitchen wastes etc. Rural poultry farming has been responsible to produce 40 per cent meat and 44 per cent egg requirement in India. Chicken eggs and meat are the only cheapest and best sources of protein, vitamin and minerals with high biological value for rural poor and marginal sections of people. In many parts of India, indigenous communities particularly tribal people not only consume chicken and eggs but also use them extensively in indigenous rituals performed to satiate gods, spirits of ancestors and nature, ward-off demons and evil spirits, get rid of bad luck, sacrificed during initiation of agriculture activities and new business, weddings, birth and death ceremonies. The additional income earned from indigenous chicken farming was used to improve their socio-economy.

The present study was carried out to assess the nutrient composition and in vitro gas production analysis of some commonly available newer feed resources to use them as a conventional feed for dairy cattle. Eight different newer feed resources namely Pomegranate peel, Sugarcane bagasse, Orange peel, Mango seed kernel, Banana leaves, Carrot pulp waste, Neem oil cake and Poultry manure were collected and screened for their nutrient composition, in vitro gas production analysis and their gross energy values. The results showed that the crude protein and crude fiber content of newer feed resources ranged from 1.98 % to 20.88 % and 4.93 % to 25.36 % respectively. The ether extract and total ash content ranged from 0.48 % to 11.36 % and 1.77% to 19.11 % respectively. The levels of nitrogen free extract ranged from 41.4 % to 77.3 %. The Neutral Detergent Fibre and Acid Detergent Fibre content ranged from15.21 % to 78.15 % and 14.27 % to 57.78 % respectively. The total gas production of carrot pulp waste recorded the highest values (48.29 ml) and banana leaves recorded the lowest values (2.47 ml) among the newer feed resources. The highest and lowest gross energy value was recorded in neem oil cake (4926 kcal/kg) and poultry manure (3235 kcal/kg) respectively. It was concluded that the ingredients contained appreciable level of dietary nutrients make them to substitutes for the conventional feed sources for dairy cattle.