The purpose of the experiment was to investigate how a Frankincense-Melissa officinalis (F-MO) mixture in drinking water affected the growth, carcass traits, sensory meat quality, and economic efficiency of two commercial Japanese quails strains. A total of 120 one-day-old Japanese quails, comprising black quails (n=60) and white quails (n=60), were utilized for the experiment. The experiment commenced when the quails were 14 days old, after a two-week adaptation period. They were randomly divided into two treatment groups, each containing 30 birds, with three replicates of 10 birds in each group. The basic diet plus 2 ml F-MO mixture in drinking water and the basic diet plus drinking water without any supplement (control) were the two treatments used in the experiment over a four-weeks period. The results demonstrated that supplementation with F-MO significantly improved growth traits, dressing-out percentage, sensory meat quality, and economic efficiency compared to the control group. When the strain effect was considered, the white strain outperformed the black strain in terms of growth traits, dressing-out percentage, and economic efficiency.

Vibriosis is a major cause of death in farmed aquaculture systems around the world caused by an infection with Vibrio spp. This study was performed to detect the prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species from various fish species (n=200) collected from Port-Said fish markets as well as to assess the antimicrobial resistance profile and virulence determinants of the isolated Vibrio. Fish samples were inoculated onto Vibrio-selective medium (TCBS), and phenotypically identified using biochemical tests and the suspected isolates were then confirmed by PCR targeting collagenase gene followed by sequencing of the amplified gene. Disc diffusion method was used to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains as well as the virulence determinants were detected by PCR assay. Out of 200 fish samples, 80 Vibrio isolates including V. parahaemolyticus (22 /80) and V. alginolyticus (58 /80) were recovered. While V. vulnificus couldn’t be identified. Vibrio isolates displayed high resistance to beta-lactams antimicrobials and a lower resistance were displayed against tetracycline, quinolones and carbapenems. Additionally, tlh gene was present in all V. parahaemolyticus isolates, while the tdh gene was present in 27.1% (6/22). In conclusion, the results of this study provide information on the hazards that certain fish and shellfish could bring by transferring virulent and genetic resistance of V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus to people through food., therefore, consumers should be more alert, prepare food properly, and avoid undercooked or cross-contaminated fish.

Avian mycoplasmosis is a major hazard revealing severe economic losses in poultry industry all over the world (El-Naggar et al., 2022; Marouf et al., 2022a). Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae are the most abundant types attacking avian species resulting in financial losses in terms of decreased final weight, lowered egg production, and hatchability, increased embryonic mortality, increased carcass condemnation, high prophylaxis, and treatment costs (Yadav et al., 2022; Limpavithayakul et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2023). Given that mycoplasmas are difficult to isolate, and MIC assessments take a long time to produce results, most of the antimicrobial medications given to animals are typically empirical instead of being recommended based on actual susceptibility data (Gigueré, 2013; Ferguson-Noel et al., 2020; Qoraa et al., 2023a,b). Since a long time ago, chicken flocks have routinely utilized macrolides to treat respiratory conditions linked to MG and MS (Awad et al., 2022). Due to the continuous usage of macrolides for either the prophylaxis or the treatment of avian mycoplasmosis, recently some mycoplasma strains showed resistance to macrolides (Emam et al., 2020). As a result, monitoring MICs in mycoplasmas is therefore still essential for identifying anti-mycoplasma drug resistance development brought on by incorrect antimicrobial medication use (Bottinelli et al., 2022). Therefore, to overcome mycoplasma resistance new safe alternative approaches should be applied (Abd El-Hack et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2023). One of the routes to nanotechnology is the field of nanoparticles (NPs), which is connected to nanoscale materials with extremely small particle sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm and because of their incredibly small size and high surface area to volume ratio, NPs have unique features that significantly differ from those of their bulk counterparts (Abd El-Ghany et al., 2021). Zinc oxide nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention lately owing to their distinctive characteristics. Additionally, research has indicated that zinc is a crucial mineral for living creatures (Mohd Yusof et al., 2019; Lail et al., 2023). Zinc oxide nanoparticles have a wide range of antimicrobial activity against most pathogens, in this way, adding ZnO-NPs to poultry can enhance performance and growth while acting as a different antibacterial agent to prevent disease (Mohd Yusof et al., 2021; Yusof et al., 2023). Also, the antioxidant action of zinc and its involvement in the antioxidant defense system are two of its most important characteristics (Powell, 2000). Additionally, zinc is a component of numerous proteins involved in immunological defence mechanisms, hormone secretion routes, and intermediate metabolism (Sunder et al., 2008). Therefore, this work was designed to in vitro and in vivo evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidantstatus of ZnO-NPs against MG and MS as well as study its effect on the performance, liver and kidney functions and blood indices of the broiler chickens.

Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is one of the most predominant pathogenic bacterial agents causing respiratory diseases in different types of animals with considerable economic losses and unfavorable prognosis in Egypt. Recently, P. multocida has exhibited resistance to the most used antibiotics in the veterinary field. So, this study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of both virulence and antibiotic resistance genes among P. multocida isolated from apparently healthy and diseased bovine lungs. Only 10 out of 60 lung samples were collected from the different slaughterhouses and just 9 were confirmed finally positive for P. multocida by PCR using Kmt1. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the recovered isolates revealed that they were all multidrug/resistant (MDR) with a predominance of resistance to erythromycin (100%) and most of them by (90 and 80 %) for amoxicillin and doxycycline, respectively; followed by 60 and 50 for ceftriaxone, gentamicin. All of the obtained isolates were promoting consistency through PCR screening for a few relevant common antibiotic resistance genes. All MDR P. multocida isolates had at least one gene for antibiotic resistance, mostly AphA1 and BlaROB1 (100%), and only 60% of them had the ermX gene. Antibiotic resistance genotyping showed that the majority of the isolates, (60%) of isolates, having three genes producing identical resistance phenotypes had multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Our results demonstrated that pathogenic P. multocida strains carrying virulence and antibiotic resistance genes may originate from cattle. Therefore, it is evident that there is an urgent need for the judicious use of antibiotics in bovine treatment systems to successfully mitigate the propagation of drug resistance across P. multocida species.

Rabbit meat provides a good source of high-quality animal protein with low fat content, it is considered a functional food. This study aimed to determine the growth performance, carcass traits, and chemical quality of New Zealand White rabbit meat breeding treated with different growth promoters. Therefore, 40 apparently healthy New Zealand White male rabbits, 5 weeks of age, were allotted to 4 equal experimental groups. The first group was kept as a control group, the second group included rabbits fed ad libitum supplemented with a beta-glucan 2.0 g/kg diet, The third group comprised rabbits that were injected twice intramuscular of boldenone undecylenate (5 mg/kg body weight) with 3-weeks intervals, the fourth group included rabbits that injected intramuscular of 40 µg/kg body weight estradiol day by day for 30 days. The obtained results revealed that the treated groups with growth promoters had a significant increase (P<0.05) in growth performance (total body weight gain and daily weight gain) and dressing percentage. Administration of boldenone undecylenate resulted in a significant increase (P< 0.05) in protein content in their meat compared to the control group. Rabbits injected with estradiol show a nonsignificant effect (P> 0.05) on dressing % or protein content of meat. Rabbits feed on a beta-glucan-supplemented diet show the highest carcass dressing percentage. Further studies were challenging food investigators for the rabbit meat treated with hormonal growth promoters to study their residues and their impact on consumer health.

Nanoparticles are considered new antibacterial agents with a potential broad range of applications. Recently, the synthesis of bio-nanoparticles (NPs) from natural sources such as coral, Ostrea shell, and eggshell, has attracted considerable attention. Eggshells are organic waste, rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and it is an easy method to reduce it into powder of nano size. Utilization of waste materials as a precursor for NPs synthesis makes the entire process cheaper, greener, and more sustainable. Waste chicken eggshells were collected from the Specific Pathogen Free farm in Egypt. Eggshells were rinsed, dried, and finely ground to powder. The sol-gel chemical method was used for the synthesis of CaO-NPs from eggshell powder. The characteristics of eggshell NPs were visualized using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration was applied to test the antibacterial efficacy of CaO-NPs at 1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.12, and 0.06% concentrations on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis. The results of the characterization confirmed the conversion of CaCO3 to CaO-NPs with an average diameter of 27.7 nm. Zones of inhibition started to appear from 0.25% concentration for B. cereus, 0.50% for MRSA and E. coli, and 1.0% for S. enteritidis. The concentration of CaO-NPs solution strongly correlated with the resulting zone of inhibition (r = 0.86 to 0.90). CaO-NPs showed a potent efficacy against gram-positive bacteria. Hence, eggshell wastes from poultry production could be a feasible organic source for the biosynthesis of CaO NPs with promising efficient antibacterial properties.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely used in various industrial and medical applications. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) plays a great role in the antioxidant defense system. This research was conducted to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of ALA on MWCNTs induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Forty albino rats were assigned into four equal groups: Group Ⅰ (Control) was treated with 1% tween-80 (0.25 mL/rat/IP) for 5 days, followed by distilled water (2 mL/kg/PO) for 10 days, group Ⅱ (ALA) was orally administered ALA suspension (200 mg/kg) for 10 days, group Ш (MWCNTs) was intraperitoneally injected with MWCNTs suspension at the concentration of 0.5 mg/kg daily for 5 days followed by (2 mL/kg per day) distilled water for 10 days, and group Ⅳ (MWCNTs+ALA) was treated with MWCNTs (0.5 mg/kg, once, IP) for 5 days followed by ALA (200 mg/kg, PO) for 10 days. At the end of experiment, the rats were euthanized. Blood and kidney samples were collected from all rats for biochemical, kidney for histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. MWCNTs substantially increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, they markedly reduced glutathione levels. Additionally, MWCNTs induced several histopathological alterations, including dilatation and congestion of most glomeruli, degenerative changes of renal tubules and prominent interstitial hemorrhage. A significant increase in area percentage of caspase 3 and COX 2 in MWCNTs exposed rats. On the other hand, ALA administration alleviated the adverse toxic effects induced by MWCNTs. Conclusion, ALA significantly ameliorate MWCNTs-induced nephrotoxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms.

Food-borne zoonoses are of serious public health concern, with a high risk on human health in both developed and developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of zoonotic anisakis larvae in smoked imported herring fish (Clupea harengus) and frozen mackerel (Scomber scomberus) from Assiut and Menoufia governorates, respectively in Egypt. All herring specimens were heavily infected with Anisakis larvae, while 9 out of 15 mackerel fish were infected. A total of 434 Anisakis larvae were collected from stomach, abdominal cavity, liver, between skin, muscles and gonads of 45 herring fish. In frozen mackerel, number of detected larvae was 78. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS-rDNA) ribosomal DNA confirmed that the Anisakis larvae belonged to Anisakis simplex species. Furthermore, by employing light and scanning electron microscope, the morphological characters of Anisakis larvae were also determined. These findings highlight the importance of detecting health hazards in seafood products for helping in the management and prevention of anisakiasis.

Meniscal tears in the inner avascular area have been reported as a common cause of disability in dogs that associated with failure of healing process due to their limited vascularity. In spite of various sterategies were reported for treatment of such tears, their clinical use was limited. Therefore, different biomaterials have been assessed to stimulate regeneration of avascular meniscal tears. Currently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) enormously involved in biomedicine including tissue regeneration, drug delivary, and antibacterial applications. Thus, AgNPs was fabricated in the present study to investigate its potential to induce and support meniscal healing process in an avascular meniscal tear model. The nanomaterial was synthesized and characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Next, a full thickness longitudinal meniscal tear was created in the avascular zone and either left empty or treated with AgNPs.  Animals were monitored clinically at weeks 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after surgery for lameness parameters including lameness during walking, pain on manipulation, range of motion, and functional disability. Additionally, the harvested menisci were examined macroscopically and histologically at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The designed material revealed improved clinical outcomes compared to control group. The gross and histological observations proved that the meniscal healing was stimulated in the AgNPs-treated group in comparison to control one, where the AgNPs-treated tear sites were filled with reparative tissue. In conclusion, AgNPs nanomaterial has a promoting effect on the process of meniscal tissue healing in the avascular region, proving that AgNPs is a promising material for meniscal tissue regeneration.

Raising rabbits has vital sustainable development features, as a sustainable development system of meat production strongly relies on its efficacy. The development system of meat production is correlated with the animals' capability for converting feed to meat. Weaning possess a marked stress on rabbits, because of lack of their normal caecal microbiota, hence young rabbits became more vulnerable to diseases. Numerous antibiotics alternatives have been successfully utilized, such as herbal medicines as natural supplements in animal feed. The leaves of Moringa Oleifera could potentially be utilized as a growth promoter due to their antimicrobial activity, antioxidant properties, hepato-protective effect, preservation of renal function, and hypocholesterolemic activity. Twelve recently weaned V-Line rabbit bunnies about four weeks of age and average body weight of 0.74 ± 0.07 were separated equally to feed either normal-prepared rabbit feed (Control group (C); n=6) or moringa-prepared feed (Moringa oleifera group (MO); n=6) for 4 weeks. Performance (feed intake, body weight, and weight gain), behavior, and serum biochemical analysis (oxidative stress, liver, and kidney function) were assessed. Results revealed that the incorporation of MO in recently weaned rabbit feed enhanced their performance and behavior, as well as lipid peroxidation and glutathione didn’t differ significantly and preserved liver and kidney function. In conclusion, MO plays a crucial role in weaning stress alleviation via their antioxidant, hepatic and renal function preservation and their positive effects on rabbit bunnies’ performance and behavior. Hence, the data suggests the use of MO leaves as a feed additive for rabbit bunnies to alleviate weaning stress.