A study was carried out to examine the prevalence of pregnancy toxemia due to inadequate feeding of local breeds of goats in India. Three hundred goats of local breeds in pregnancy were selected. They were assessed for feeding management through questionnaire, body condition score and pregnancy for number of fetuses with ultrasonography. The blood samples were collected and assayed for blood glucose level and β-hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA). The Body condition score (BCS) less than 2, blood glucose < 40 mg/dl and BHBA > 0.8 mg/dl were considered positive indicator for pregnancy toxemia. The feeding regime was documented in sub clinical pregnancy toxemia goats and the feed and fodder samples were collected from 10% of these animals. The predominant feeding regime for pregnancy toxemia in the survey was identified and further studied for Dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient intake. The overall prevalence of pregnancy toxemia was 36.7 %. The incidence of subclinical pregnancy toxemia increased significantly (P < 0.01) in late stage (34.3 %) than in early stage of pregnancy (2.7 %) and was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) higher in animals bearing twins. The average DMI of pregnancy toxemia does (2.79 %) was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than the actual requirement of DMI 3.82 % during pregnancy. The average Metabolizable energy (ME) and protein intake were 1940 kcal and 45.2 gms which was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than the actual requirement of ME and protein intake of 2400 kcal and 58.6 g respectively, during late stage of pregnancy. Hence, the pregnant goats should be fed with adequate nutrients and twins carrying animals should be assessed for their BCS, blood glucose and BHBA to prevent the incidence of pregnancy toxemia disorder.

Emulsion based chicken meat balls were prepared with the addition of beetroot pomace powder (BPP) at levels of 1%, 2% and 3%, over and above the amount of meat along with a control without BPP, and the physico-chemical and sensory properties were assessed. Addition of BPP significantly increased the emulsion pH and non significantly increased product pH and emulsion stability. Product yield of 3% BPP incorporated chicken meat balls were significantly higher as compared to other treatments and control. Sensory evaluation scores were significantly higher in 1% BPP incorporated chicken meat balls followed by 2% and 3% BPP incorporated chicken meat balls. From this result, it is concluded that emulsion based functional chicken meat balls could be fortified with dietary fibre content by the inclusion of beetroot pomace powder up to a level of 3% without affecting the physico-chemical and sensory qualities.

A full term pregnant 1 ½ year old Salem Black doe was presented with the history of dystocia. Due to incomplete cervical dilatation by cesarean section hydrocephalic fetus with multiple congenital disorders was delivered and complete recovery of doe was reported after a week.

A pluriparous Kanni bitch which was presented with the history of brownish vaginal discharge. Detailed gynaecological examination revealed presence of macerated fetal bones in the birth canal. Further, ultrasonographic examination revealed fetal bones in the uterus. Treatment with dextrose and oxytocin successfully expelled the macerated fetus. Animal had an uneventful recovery with antibiotic coverage.

An extra-uterine pregnancy, in which the embryos or foetuses are located outside the uterus, is an uncommon event. The following case report was about an ewe which brought with a history of completion of term and was exhibiting intermittent straining for the past two days with failure to deliver the lamb. Clinical and obstetrical examination revealed that the cervix was not dilated, which guided to opt for Laparo-hysterotomy. Peri-operative findings, revealed the presence of a live foetus with intact membranes in the peritoneal cavity and a foetal mummy in the anterior abdominal region. Hence, the present case places on record the successful management of extra-uterine pregnancy due to a tear in the uterus.

Wildlife species identification, based on DNA is a highly reliable method for the investigation of wildlife crimes. PCR techniques and microsatellite markers are extensively used for the identification of wild animal DNA in forensic cases. Mostly, genes like Cyt B, Cox 1 and 12S RNA are amplified coupled with sequencing, to confirm the species in question. In the present study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR was performed with DNA samples from captive wild felids, canids and ursids and the finger-print pattern was analyzed for their utility in designing de novo diagnostic primers. DNA was extracted from the tissue samples from eleven animals (two numbers each from tigers and lions and one sample each from a leopard, jaguar, sloth bear, black bear, wolf, jackal and dhole). RAPD-PCR was carried out using different arbitrary decamers. Of the five decamers used, two decamers, namely AP7 and AP17 revealed consistent amplification patterns. Among them, AP7 produced monomorphic fragments corresponding to 500 bp for felids and 800 bp and 400 bp for ursids, while polymorphic bands were generated across the different genera. The decamer AP17 consistently amplified a 450 bp band from all the felid samples and polymorphic amplification with other genera. The potential for these RAPD amplicons for their applicability in the design-specific primers for genus/ species-specific detection of wild animal DNA due to their uniqueness is discussed.

A primiparous Holstein Friesian crossbred cow was brought to VCC, VC&RI Namakkal with ventral swelling. Based on rectal examination and abdominal palpation it was diagnosed as right sided uterine torsion with prepubic tendon rupture. After the fetal delivery by caesarean section and proper postoperative care is given for a period of 10 days, life of the dam was saved.

A nine months male cat was presented with the history of itching and scratching over the face, ears and forelimb since a month. On physical examination alopecia, scales, crusty, thick, wrinkled and leathery lesions were found on the face and ears. All the vitals were within the normal range. Microscopic examination of the skin scrapping revealed Notoedres cati. Further history also revealed the presence of pruritus and cutaneous lesions on the shoulder and arm region of the owner. The cat was treated with Inj.Ivermectin @200 µg/kg along with topical application of sulphur (10%).

Nanotechnology has been used in a variety of medical applications, including diagnostics, immunisation, medication and gene delivery. Nanotechnology has opened up new ways for molecular biology and biotechnology applications, and it has revolutionised practically every area of veterinary and animal sciences by introducing new, small-scale instruments and materials that are advantageous to living species. Metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, fullerenes,  liposomes, and dendrimers are among the several forms of nanomaterials employed in detection of various diseases, therapy, drug administration, animal nutrition and breeding. It is concluded that, before making nano-products available for animal use, extensive risk evaluations should be carried out to ensure their safety. So, this article provides an overview of existing and promising nano applications in veterinary research that may lead to increased efficiency and production.

Oxidative stress is a common mechanism contributing to initiation and progression of hepatic damage in a variety of liver disorders. Hence, there is a great demand for the development of agents with potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of raw and nanoforms of resveratrol and silibinin as a hepatoprotective and an antioxidant against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage. 0.01% diethylnitrosamine administration to rats resulted in significantly elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSH) and total protein (TP) in the liver tissue. Post-treatment with the nano resveratrol (50 mg/kg), nano silibinin (50 mg/kg), raw resveratrol (50 mg/kg), raw silibinin (50 mg/kg) orally for 30 days significantly reversed the diethylnitrosamine induced alterations in the liver tissue and offered almost complete protection. The results from the present study indicate that both nano forms exhibit good hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage in rats as compared to raw forms.