Cutaneous lymphoma is rare in cats. An 11-year-old spayed female Persian cat presented with crust, ulceration, and multiple nodules on the shoulder and forelimb for 2 months. Computed tomography revealed a diffuse, irregularly margined lesion in the dorsal cutis extending from cervical to thoracic vertebrae. Cytological evaluation predominantly revealed large round cells with multilobulated nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm. Histopathological examination confirmed round CD3+/PAX5- cells packed in the dermis. Thus, the diagnosis of non-epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma with a diffuse large T-cell type was made. The disease progressed rapidly for the next 2 weeks, and the owner elected humane euthanasia.

A 16-year-old, 7.4 kg, castrated male Cocker Spaniel presenting anorexia and weight loss was referred due to a splenic mass, and total splenectomy was performed to resolve clinical signs. Following surgery, the dog developed mild hyperkalemia (6.27 mmol/L) without any clinical symptoms. Further investigations were conducted to determine the cause of hyperkalemia. The serum-plasma potassium difference was measured (1.05 mmol/L), and pseudohyperkalemia was diagnosed. The cause of pseudohyperkalemia was considered as thrombocytosis after splenectomy. The dog did not receive any specific treatment to lower blood potassium. To our knowledge, we report the first case of post-splenectomy pseudohyperkalemia in a dog.

A 5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was referred for further investigation of pulmonary nodules incidentally detected on thoracic radiographs. Thoracic radiographs identified ill-defined soft tissue opacity nodules with small faint mineral opacity. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed that bronchial dilation and bronchial wall thickening in bilateral cranial and accessory lung lobes. Round to ellipsoid mineralized concretions were found embedded in the intrabronchial soft tissue attenuation material. Based on radiography, CT, and cytology, the patient was tentatively diagnosed as having broncholithiasis with chronic bronchitis. This report described the CT diagnosis of broncholithiasis, which has been rarely reported in a cat.

A 2-year-old spayed female Border Collie presented with visual deficits and behavioral changes. Neurological examination revealed bilateral menace response deficit with a normal pupil light reflex. Cerebral cortical thinning, cerebral sulci and cerebellar fissure widening, ventriculomegaly, and cerebral atrophy were observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Histopathology revealed fluorescent lipopigment accumulation in the cerebrum, and the dog was diagnosed with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. This is the first case report describing the changes in clinical signs, MRI findings, and histopathologic changes in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Korea.

Splenic myelolipoma is a rare tumor in dogs with an unclear origin. A male 13-yearold Schnauzer dog was presented because of a bump on the left side of the abdomen. Clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass in the spleen. A total splenectomy was carried out, and histopathology revealed a splenic myelolipoma. Before surgery, the patient showed high serum alanine aminotransferase levels, which returned to normal eight months after the resection. Unfortunately, the postoperative follow-up showed increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, suggesting liver compromise. This is the first report of a splenic myelolipoma in Colombia.

A male mixed-breed dog of unknown age was presented with a history of bloody diarrhea and cachexia. Toxocara canis in vomitus was identified by a parasitologist. Hematology revealed low hematocrit, eosinophilia, and low albumin. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged pulmonary artery with an irregular wall, micronodules in the lung, and vicarious excretion of contrast medium to small intestine. CT scan was helpful for identifying lung lesions and the central organs of larval migration and also show vicarious excretion of contrast medium to the small intestine in T. canis infection.

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukins such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12β in sheep with Jaagsiekte by immunohistochemical methods. In this way, it will be revealed whether interleukins are effective in the progression of Jaagsiekte and how useful they are in the diagnosis of the disease. The material of the current study consisted of lung tissues of 26 sheep (Control, n=6 and Jaagsiekte, n=20) brought to the Department of Pathology for routine histopathological diagnosis. Tissue samples taken were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde solution. 5 µm-thick sections were taken from the paraffin blocks prepared after routine tissue follow-up procedures. Hematoxylin & Eosin staining was applied to the sections in order to detect histopathological changes. Sections were examined and photographed under a light microscope. The routine streptavidin–biotin peroxidase complex method was used.In sheep with Jaagsiekte, tumoral foci with large and small acinar or papillary growths were observed in the alveolar and bronchiole lumens. The control group was negative for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12β immunoreactivity. IL 1β-6-10 and 12β levels were dramatically increased in the Jaagsiekte group compared to the control group.It was determined that interleukins were produced from tumoral cells and tumor microenvironment elements, and these interleukins showed pro-inflammatory effects, except for IL-10.

This study was to examine the opinions of first-year veterinary faculty students about the use of plastinated anatomic prosections in addition to wet cadavers in anatomy practical lessons. The students were shown plastinated organs and organs fixed in formaldehyde. Then a questionnaire comprising 7 questions was administered to the 100 student participants. The questionnaire responses were analyzed statistically using SPSS vn. 22.0 Frequencies software.In response to question 1, 58.4% of the students thought that there was no anatomic difference between the plastinated organs and the organs fixed in formaldehyde. In contrast to the strong smell of formaldehyde, 88% of the students stated that the plastinates were odourless. The use of plastinated organs was thought to improve the quality of education by 89.1% of the students, compared to the negative aspects of formaldehyde. It was stated by 84.2% of the students that plastinated organs should be included in anatomy lessons due to the thoughts of the majority of the students that plastinated tissues could make a greater contribution to anatomy lessons. In response to the final question, 92.1% of the students stated that they felt no abhorrence of the plastinated organs.Plastination may be especially useful for educational institutions without access, space, or the financial resources for dissection, and can emphasize unique or pathological samples. The results of this study demonstrated that plastinated samples were perceived as a useful addition to traditional resources in the teaching of anatomy.

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, has become a target for treating many diseases, especially cancer. Many factors are influential in the cell's pathway to apoptosis. The defects in these pathways may transform the cell to become malignant, and the organism may face a lethal outcome such as cancer. Understanding apoptosis will provide clues in guiding the pathogenesis of diseases. Two main pathways leading to apoptosis, intrinsic and extrinsic, take an active role. The granzyme B pathway is also considered an apoptotic pathway, and this pathway is activated by enzymes secreted by immune cells such as T and NK. Many caspase molecules have initiator and enforcer roles and are active at critical points in the cell's apoptosis process. In cancer treatments, activating molecules in these pathways and repairing disrupted pathways are among the target approaches. This review discusses target strategies for inhibiting apoptotic pathways and molecules in cancer cells and activating these apoptotic pathways.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have antimicrobial, antioxidants, and anticancer properties. This study aimed to improve the post-thawing semen characteristics of rams using three concentrations of ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs in 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/ml tris-based diluents were used to extend semen collected from five Awassi rams twice weekly for two months. Post-thaw semen evaluation and measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid (AA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total cholesterol (CHO), low density lipoproteins (LDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), zinc, and copper (Cu). With increasing ZnO-NPs concentrations, the post-thaw sperm total motility (STM %), progressive motility (SPM) %, viability (SV%), functional membrane integrity (FMI %), acrosome integrity (AI %), NO, LDH, ALP, Cu, and zinc ascended linearly (P≤0.0001) but the abnormal sperm (AS%) and SOD decreased (P≤0.0001). The addition of 1.0 mg/ml ZnO-NPs increased (P≤0.0001) GPx but decreased (P≤0.0001) CHO and LDL. All concentrations of ZnO-NPs preserved (P≤0.0001) high AA compared to 0.0mg/ml and did not influence MDA. The addition of 0.5 mg/ml ZnO-NPs reduced (P≤0.059) Cu concentrations. All semen characteristics had strong positive correlations with zinc, LDH, and ALP and negative correlations with SOD. AS % had negative correlations with zinc, ALP, and LDH and positive correlation with SOD. All the three added concentrations of ZnO-NPs improved the post-thaw semen motility, viability, fertilizing capacity, and antioxidant capacity but 1.5mg/ml semen diluents proved the best concentration for semen preservation.