On post-mortem examination of five desi chickens, cherry red coloured spindle shaped worms were collected from the proventriculus of each bird for identification. Based on the morphological examination, these worms were identified as Tetrameres mohtedai. A high prevalence of Tetrameres mohtedai helminth infection was documented in desi chickens in Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu, which causes high morbidity and mortality in desi chickens from Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. Appropriate deworming strategies need to be followed in desi chicken for the control of parasite in this region.

By-products of fruits possess antioxidant polyphenols, anti-mutagenic, cardio preventive and antiviral activities. The consumers are aware of the health benefits of nutraceutical foods and the demand for such foods is increasing in recent years. Orange peels are rich in flavanones, powerful antioxidants that help to reduce oxidative damage and fight free radicals. Hence, an attempt was made to develop a value added ice cream with orange peel. Orange peel powder was incorporated in ice cream at varying levels viz. 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5 per cent. Based on texture, sensory attributes and physio-chemical properties, sensory evaluation of the product revealed that incorporation of orange peel powder at 2.5% level found to be acceptable.

Proven scientific technologies related to the Animal Husbandry practices are generally demonstrated in the field for the benefit of the farmers. Veterinary University Training and Research Centre, Tiruchirappalli has conducted three frontline demonstration programmes (FLD) during the year 2015 - 2018. By these programmes, it is observed that farmers get benefitted economically. Twenty farmers were benefitted in the programme conducted in 2015-16 on the "Impact of TANUVAS mineral mixture on the milk yield of dairy cows". Mineral mixture supplementation improved the milk quality and milk quantity. Hence each farmer obtained additional improved returns of Rs.150/month/cow. In the year 2016-17 a programme on "Scientific intervention in to Improve Production Performance of Backyard native chicken" was conducted and four farmers were benefitted. They reported that the scientific technologies like TANUVAS desi chicken feed, deworming and vaccination demonstrated in this programme increased body weight gain, reduced mortality, increased egg production and improved hatchability. Each farmer profited Rs.500/- for 5 birds additionally. Six farmers participated and benefitted in the programmes conducted in 2017­18 on "Azolla pinnata as cattle feed supplement". Supplementation of azolla reduces the cost of production of milk and improves the milk quality. In this study it is observed that there was a reduction in cost of production of about Rs.2.50 / litre of milk Also there was an increase in returns of milk since improved quality of milk

Globally, many clinico-pathologic differences between hounds and other breeds have been investigated and most of the research has been focused on differences in the hematologic values between the breeds and hematologic reference intervals for the Greyhounds, which have been recently published. However, our native hound, Chippiparai, closely resembles the morphological traits of the hounds and yet there are no published reports on the hematological parameters of the Chippiparai breed from Tamil Nadu. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the red cell variables like Hemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and RBC counts which were compared with that of non-hound breeds. Chippiparai hound dogs (n=30) and non-hound dogs (n=30) were selected amongst the dogs presented at Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital and various native hamlets. The Hb, PCV and RBC level sin the Chippiparai breeds were found to be higher which may probably be attributed to the need for appropriate oxygen supplementation under extreme climatic conditions, for running and hunting and probably as an inheritance from the other sight hounds. Also, these breeds can be  recommended as good blood donors since a lesser volume of their transfused blood (with greater PCV) can increase the hematological parameters of the anemic recipient dog as compared to an equal volume of blood from the non-hound blood donors.

A 3 time calved cross bred Jersey cow with its 20 days old calf was presented to the outpatient medical unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of anorexia, mild respiratory distress and eruptions on the skin for a period of 10 days. General clinical examination revealed high temperature, anaemia, icteric conjunctival mucous membrane, enlarged prescapular amp; cutaneous lymph nodes, eruptions on the skin and presence of ticks on the body. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pre scapular lymph node and pheripheral blood smear examintaion confirmed theileriosis. Incidentally its 20 days old calf too had similar symptoms. Both the dam and the calf were treated with suitable therapeutic regimen including blood transfusion.

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) or viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an infectious neuropathological disease affecting more than 120 fish species. Although VER affects mainly marine fish , the disease has also been detected in certain species reared in low  saline and freshwater environments. In the present study, a case of betanodavirus associated massive mortality was investigated in juvenile seabass Latescalcarifer, maintained in cage culture facilities in brackishwater pond in Odisha(India).The affected fish showed clinical signs typical of betanodavirus infection around 70 days post hatch (dph), resulting sudden mass mortality in all the cages affecting almost 100% of the population. Histopathology revealed massive necrosis of tubules in kidney and mild vacuolation of the nervous system, suggesting an infection by betanodavirus.The presence of virus was detected and confirmed by nested RT-PCR assay and sequence analysis of PCR product. Sequencing of the PCR product indicated sequence homology with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus(RGNNV) type.However , the reservoir of the virus leading to the outbreak remains unidentified but suspects the infected fry as source. This is the first report of mortality associated with natural infection of betanodavirus infection in inland cage farming facilities in India.

A study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the utilisation pattern of ICT (Information Communication Technology) among undergraduate veterinary students in southern states of India. Data were collected from 248 final year undergraduate students of 12 veterinary colleges in five southern states of India viz. Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka Andhra Pradesh and Telangana through pretested questionnaire. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the students studied had 3-4 years of experience in using internet and accessed internet through mobile phone (61.29%). One-third (33.06%) of the students used internet 2-3 days in a week for academic activity while, 30.65% used internet every day for personal activity. The study revealed that students used internet mainly for the preparation of assignments (97.58%). The major problems faced by the students in using ICT tools were slow speed of internet (77.82%) and inadequate number of computers (75.81%) in the institutions. It could be concluded that veterinary students had accessed substantial information technology resources and had knowledge towards computer and internet. Provision of structured information technology training for veterinary students would help them to acquire necessary skills to maximise the utilisation of online veterinary resources. nbsp;

Administration of higher dosage of chlorine leads to a concern about proper dosage determination for shrimp hatchery operations. Hence, the dosage application needs to be reworked at the present context. Accordingly a Completely randomized design experiment with 6 treatments (control, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm of active chlorine content) with 3 replications was conducted. The water quality and the bacterial load were monitored once in 3 hours continuously. The salient observations of the study was that the exposure time for residual chlorine to be nil for the tank with chlorination of 10 ppm concentration was 6 hours, for 20 ppm and 30 ppm it was 18 hours and for 40 ppm and 50 ppm it was 21 hours. Also the results shows that bacterial load was nil in all the treatments viz. 10 to 50 ppm. The pH of the water gets increased and then stabilized. It could be concluded from the study that the chlorination is required in shrimp hatcheries. But the optimum dosage is 10 ppm for ensuring better water quality in shrimp hatchery which is very much less when compared to the general dose of upto 30 ppm for other purposes. Another experimental trial with three replications was conducted to ascertain the survival of post larvae of P. monodon from PL5 to PL 20 with the 10 ppm active chlorine. The study showed that survival was high in 10 ppm.

Indigenous duck breed of Assam are popular with considerable production potential with minimal input and mostly reared under semi intensive system of management. These ducks are maintained in all agro climatic zones of Assam and different from other indigenous duck genetic resources available in the country. But the genetic structure of these duck varieties was not fully studied; hence the genetic characterization of Assam ducks was assessed with 23 FAO recommended duck specific microsatellite markers using advanced automated genotyping technique. The analysis revealed that totally 91alleles were observed with the number ranging from 1 (CAUD025) to 7 (CAUD004 and APH009) and an overall mean of 3.957 ± 0.32 across the loci. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.4444 and 0.5113. All the microsatellite loci were found to be highly polymorphic except CAUD025. In Assam ducks, PIC value ranged from 0.14 (APH001) to 0.71 (CAUD004) with a mean value of 0. 4813. Nearly 14 out of 23 loci had PIC values of more than 0.5 indicating that these markers can be effectively used for genetic diversity analysis. The Chi-square test revealed that among the 23 microsatellite studied, only 12 were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proportions and the rest departed from equilibrium. Selection and non-random mating could be the main reasons for this disequilibrium. The markers used in the study were found to be highly informative, explores high genetic variation in the population which could be exploited for their improvement.

Foot and mouth disease is an acute febrile highly contagious disease of cloven footed animals. India has a sizable proportion of small ruminants (135.17 million goats and 65.0 million sheep). Tamil Nadu, the eleventh largest state in India has a sizable proportion of sheep and goat populations (7.36 million sheep and 6.02 million goats). Sub-clinically infected small ruminants may pose a threat to cattle and buffalo in integrated livestock system. Small ruminants are neglected in FMD surveillance and control strategies in the country. In the present study, serological investigations against FMD were carried out to generate data on antibody prevalence in sheep and goat population of Tamil Nadu. Overall, 21.4% of sheep (83 out of 387 samples) and 23.5% of goats (81 out of 345 samples) tested were positive for FMD NSP antibodies and 14.7% of sheep and 18.3 % goats were positive for antibodies against virus structural proteins. The current study demonstrated the seroprevalence of FMD in the sheep and goat population of Tamil Nadu and suggests the need for surveillance activities and FMD control by vaccination in small ruminants alongside large ruminant population.nbsp;