The research was at determining the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of farmers on the Qanun number 3 of 2016 regarding the control of productive cows and buffaloes to avoid slaughtering productive cows and buffaloes so that livestock populations are maintained. This research was conducted using a survey method for three months starting from May 2021 to July 2021. Breeders were selected using the purposive sampling method and interviews were conducted by filling out a validated questionnaire. The data analysis method used was descriptive qualitative analysis using a structured questionnaire to 110 farmer respondents with the criteria of having 2 years of experience in raising cattle, and raising female cows. The livestock population has increased since Qanun Number 3 was issued in 2016. The results of this study indicate that the level of knowledge of farmers is in a good category (72.5%), attitude is a very good category (83.2%) and action is good category (72.5%).

Kitten is the earliest stage of a cat’s life, starting from 0 – 6 months old. As the golden age of a human baby in their first 1000 days of life, a kitten is the golden period for cats to grow and explore the environments. People tend to adopt cats at this stage as it is easier for them to shape and understand the characteristics of their cats. Therefore, understanding the behaviors of cats during the kitten period is fundamental. This study observed the behaviors of two pet kittens at 13 weeks of age when they roamed around the urban backyard. An ethogram was designed to record the duration of states (in second) and the frequency of events (per observation) of all behaviors. During the assessments, both kittens dominantly performed exploratory behaviors. They tended to explore the environment by sniffing ground, climbing trees, staring at birds, and walking around the backyard. These behaviors could be seen more often than their playing behaviors (object play and social play). In conclusion, this study supports the view that during the late socialization period (9-16 weeks), kittens seem to show the intense exploration of the environment as part of the development of predatory behavior or hunting skills in wild nature settings.

The chicken farming industry in Indonesia cannot be separated from the use of antibiotics as a curative effort in controlling the disease. Its use is either via injection, soaking, or as a feed additive (growth promoter) mixed in feed. Inappropriate use of antibiotics causes allergic reactions or resistance and the possibility of causing poisoning, residues in livestock tissues or organs that are harmful to human health when consuming them. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic residues in eggs and the level of knowledge of livestock workers on the use of antibiotics in livestock. The detection of antibiotic residues was conducted using the agar plate diffusion method by Kirby Bauer with the disk diffusion technique using Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. As indicator bacteria. The results were analysed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The samples were 76 eggs taken from the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Non-Ruminant Livestock Center of the Aceh Livestock Service in Blang Bintang and Saree Aceh Besar. Chloramphenicol antibiotic was used as a test medium and as control by calculating the diameter of the inhibition zone formed on MHA media. furthermore, a cross-sectional study design was used and questionnaires were distributed to 14 livestock officers to understand the knowledge of officers on the use of antibiotics in livestock by using google form. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test through the SPSS 22.0 program. The results showed that the eggs and feed samples were negative from antibiotic residue. There was no relationship between feeding and antibiotic residues in eggs and laying hens feed. However, only 35.7% of officers had good knowledge about proper antibiotic usage. This means continuing awareness to the officers regarding the use of antibiotics either for treatment of diseases or as feed promoter are essential.

This study aims to determine the presence of Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in rendang meat, fried chicken, fried fish, and omelets, as well as in the hands of food handlers in the Food Management Place (TPM). Ulee Lheue Sea Port by using laboratory tests. The study used five samples of food and five samples of food handlers' hands taken from the Food Management Place (TPM) of Ulee Lheue Seaport. Bacterial analysis on food samples in the laboratory using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. Meanwhile, the Replicate Organism Direct Agar Contact (RODAC) method was used to examine food handlers' hands. Laboratory tests resulted from five food samples and five food handlers' hand samples that Salmonella sp. was found in omelets, and Staphylococcus aureus was found in beef rendang, fried chicken, fried fish, omelets, and hand samples of food handlers. It is necessary to conduct hygiene and environmental sanitation counseling at TPM around Port of Ulee Lheue.

The leaves of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) are a plant thought to have antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of Bandotan leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study used a stock extract of Bandotan leaves from the Pharmacology Laboratory and a bacterial isolate of P. aeruginosa in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, which was identified by Gram staining, indole test, Methyl Red test, and confectionery test. The research method was carried out by planting the re-identified bacterial isolates on Nutrient Broth (NB) media, incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Then the turbidity composition of the isolates was arranged to match the turbidity in 0.5 McFarland solution. Furthermore, the sensitivity test of the extract on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media was carried out by levelling the bacterial isolates on the surface of the media and attaching a disc containing bandotan leaf extract with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and gentamicin disk as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. All treatments were incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours, and then the inhibition zone was measured using millimeters (mm) callipers. The results showed that concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75%, respectively, had an inhibition zone of 8.16 mm, 9.82 mm, and 16.08 mm, respectively. In contrast, the average inhibition zone for gentamicin was 25, 30 mm and 0 mm distilled water. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Bandotan leaf extract is sensitive to growth inhibition of P. aeruginosa bacteria.

The increase in the house fly population (Musca domestica) indicates pollution from chicken farms due to the chicken feces produced. The house fly population from farms can be reduced by using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, but the exact number of BSF larvae has yet to be discovered to reduce the house fly population. This study aims to determine the presence of BSF larvae in chicken feces waste media in inhibiting the population of house flies. The research sample used 7-day-old BSF larvae from fishing for BSF flies from nature using organic waste to lay eggs and produce larvae. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment without the addition of larvae (P0), 100 grams (P1), 200 grams (P2) and 300 grams (P3) into 1 kg of chicken feces stocked in a 50 cm x 50 cm container. The variable observed was the number of house flies perched on each treatment's feces. The results showed that the number of flies that landed on chicken feces with the addition of 0 g, 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g BSF larvae was 34.33±12.09, 22.33±10.21, 16.33 ±2.08 tails, 11.00±2.64 individuals. Based on the results of statistical analysis, it was found that the population of the house fly was significantly reduced (P0.05) between the addition of 0 grams of BSF larvae, 100 grams, 200 grams and 300 grams. The results of the study concluded that the more BSF larvae added, the less population of house flies perched around chicken feces. The presence of BSF larvae weighing 200 g per kg of chicken feces can reduce the population of flies that perch on chicken feces by 52%.

Broilers are chickens with high meat production. The productivity of broiler is seen from the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat. This study aims to determine the effect of giving fermented coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera L) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat of broilers. This study used a completely randomized design experimental method (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 6 replications so that the total observations were 36 units of observation. Each treatment had P1: 100% commercial feed without fermented coconut dregs, P2: 90% commercial feed + 10% fermented coconut dregs, P3: 80% commercial feed + 20% fermented coconut dregs, P4: 70% commercial feed + 30 % fermented coconut dregs, P5: 60% commercial feed + 40% fermented coconut dregs, P6 : 50% commercial feed + 50% fermented coconut dregs. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance which was preceded by the battle test, followed by the Tukey test using the SPSS program. The analysis of variance showed significantly different results (P0.05) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat of the broiler. Tukey's follow-up test on the carcass showed a significant difference (P0.05) and there was no significant difference in fat (P0.05). It can be concluded that the supplementary feed of fermented coconut pulp can be used 40% as additional feed to increase the carcass percentage but not reduce the broiler abdominal fat percentage.

Reviewers 2022

Using an online questionnaire, this study evaluated the profile of a Brazilian population’s food handling practices in the home environment. The questionnaire, containing questions about domestic behavior in terms of hygiene and food handling, was built and available through social media sites. Information about the participants’ profiles, their food prepreparation, food preparation, and food post-preparation practices, and the occurrence of foodborne diseases (FBDs) was included in the questionnaire. A total of 701 responses were obtained. The interviewees included 78.31% female participants and 21.68% male participants, with an average age of 31.2 years. Nearly all (94.3%) had a complete or incomplete higher education. In the pre preparation stage, the participants evaluated the shelf life (97.28%) and storage temperature (44.79%) of the products while purchasing them. Regarding food handling practices, only a few participants washed the food packages before storing them (31.95%) or removed hand jewelry or other adornments when washing food (61.48%). Most participants washed their hands (91.58%) and washed vegetables (99.28%). But a group of interviewees reported washing raw meat (27.81%) before preparing it. Cutting surfaces such as plastic (50.36%) and glass (49.36%) tops were the most prevalent in the study. Most respondents did not know how long they had been using their cutting boards (67.62%) and mentioned using the same surface to handle both raw and ready-to-eat products (84.17%). As for the preparation, most interviewees declared they did not check the food temperature during preparation (86.31%), ignoring the ideal cooking temperature (88.26%). Regarding the occurrence of FBDs, 79.17% of the interviewees reported having suspicious clinical signs associated with contaminated foods and 65.59% did not seek medical help. Thus, the participants demonstrated ignorance about adequate practices for food safety in the home environment, highlighting the need to conduct health education programs within the Brazilian population.

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is an infectious disease caused by Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). Nevertheless, its clinical manifestations are considered multifactorial. Due to its relevance, FP is currently monitored in sea turtle populations in the United States, Australia, Caribbean, and Brazil. Between 2000 and 2020, the TAMAR Project/ TAMAR Project Foundation analyzed the prevalence of FP in nine states and oceanic islands along the Brazilian coast, including Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA), a historically FP-free area. A total of 4,435 green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were monitored from 2010 to 2016. Additionally, in 2012 and 2014, 43 FP-free skin samples were analyzed for ChHV5 using a qualitative PCR for the UL30 polymerase (pol) sequence. In 2015, a bilateral ocular nodule characterized as an FP tumor was reported in one of the monitored individuals undergoing rehabilitation. Tissue samples were collected following surgical removal of the tumor. Characterization of a 454 bp UL30 polymerase gene revealed a ChHV5 sequence previously reported in other areas of the Atlantic Brazilian coast. In the years following this finding from January 2017 to March 2020, a total of 360 C. mydas were monitored in the same area and no FP tumors were detected. This is the first report of FP and the first detection of ChHV5 in FNA, a finding of great concern considering this site’s historical absence of FP occurrence. This study highlights the importance of monitoring this disease in historically FP-free areas of the Brazilian Atlantic coast.