Refinar búsqueda
Resultados 421-430 de 723
Some reproductive characteristics in common donkey male (Equus asinus)-A mini review Texto completo
2022
Aissanou, Sofiane | Besseboua, Omar | Ayad, Abdelhanine
In contrary to most domestic livestock species, the common donkey (Equus asinus) is widely known as an animal with marked seasonality in reproductive activity. The annual cycle of daily photoperiod has been identified as the determining factor in sexual activity. A synthesis of the particularities of donkey reproduction is important and constitutes a basis of scientific reflection for managing asine livestock farms and establishing a well conservation plan for the different breeds around the world. It is necessary to have a perfect knowledge of the seasonal physiological changes in order to optimize the reproductive characteristics of donkeys. The objective of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge on the reproduction seasonality of common donkeys. We start with a remainder of some anatomical of the genital apparatus and sexual behavior aspects. Moreover, the investigations undertaken by many authors reveal the influence of the season on testicular biometry, histology, seminal and hormonal parameters in male donkeys populations. In conclusion, despite scientific controversy on the reproductive seasonal character in donkeys, it could likely be influenced by several factors mainly the photoperiod.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE UDDER OF LOCAL IRAQI CATTLE (Bovidae caprinae ) Texto completo
2022
S. E. ALsadi | Fadeal TH,
The appearance of the udder varies greatly depending on maturity and functionstatus as well as on individual and breed characteristic sometimes weighing as much as60 Kg in many dairy cows it is extremely large in particular the size, shape and positionof the teats do have a practical importance in determining the suitability of the udder tohand or machine milking , five udder of cattle were taken , aged between (2-5) yearsfrom a local slaughterhouse , the skin was removed , we examined and described theouter anatomy ,these sample were fixed in 10% formalin solution , and processed by theroutine histological technique then studies under light microscope .The udder consists of four separated glands suspended of medial and lateralcollagens lamina, the medial lamina is more elastic than lateral lamina, the medial laminaare more collagenous and originate from the sub pelvic tendon. The lateral lamina ismultiple, the teat is long and cylindrical in shape and the wall is thick.The anatomical study showed that the udder was divided into four identicalquarters with the four main nipples and the additional nipples sometimes associated withthe glandular tissue, the glandular tissue covered by connective tissue that extends insideand covers the whole gland and is described as the hanging system. It consists from themedial and the lateral ligaments, The aim of histological study of the udder in cattle tounderstand the comparative nomenclature and to know the surgical anatomy of thebovine teat , the layers of the wall ,the vascular patron , the distribution of smooth muscles , the annular fold , the vascular patron and the venous circle surrounding thebase of the teat to appreciate the protective function of the teat canal as well as thepattern of intra udder duct system were studies to obtain more details information aboutthe udder value in production of milk and healthy udder are essential to the secretion ofmilk that wholesome to drink and sufficient in quantity to be profitable to dairymen , Thesubstance of the udder consist of gland parenchyma and connective tissue intermingled inproportion that can sometimes be estimated by palpation through the skin, annular fold aconstriction between glandular and teat parts of the milk sinus, it consist of muscularfibers, connective tissue and circular venous channels (Furstenberg’s rosette) fold of teatcanal mucosa that extends into the teat sinus .
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Monitoring Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Kattan (Luciobarbus xanthopterus) and Xashni (Planiliza abu) from different geographical localities in Salah al Dain Province Texto completo
2022
Zaid Kh. Khidhir
The fish consider a good bio-montiring for aquatic environment pollution , so the goal of this study was to assess e the heavy metals Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn) concentrations in the gills, liver and muscles of Kattan (Luciobarbus xanthopterus) and Xashni (Planiliza abu)and to assess potential human health risks. Fish were collected from Tigris, Al Uzym rivers and Tharthar Lake. Atomic Absorption has been used for esstemation the heavy metals in the gills, liver and musclesand determined the human health risk(Estimated Daily Intake, Hazard Quotient, and Maximum Allowable Fish Consumption of these metals). The occurrence of metal generally ranked in the orde Cu> Zn> Cd> Pb. The ranked order concentration in tissue for Cu and Cd was liver> gill >Muscle, for Pb was gill > liver >Muscle, while Zn, was Muscle > liver > gill, According to the locations, the ranked order for Cd and Pb was Tharthar> Al Uzym>Tigris, Zn was Tigris >Al Uzym>Tharthar. In the fish species, the ranked order concentration for Cu and Pb was Kattan > Xashni, while the concenrtaion of Cd and Zn showed no significant differences between the two species also the result suggested that fish meat has no health risks. This study conclusion that heavy metals bioaccumulation concentrated in variable ranked order according to the fish spp., types of tissue and location habitate also no significant impacts effects on people health.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Isolation and Identification of Fungi from Lungs and Rumens of Small Ruminants Texto completo
2022
Batool S. Hamza et al.
The current study aimed at the isolation and identification of some fungal types that infected the lungs and rumens of small ruminants (non-healthy animals). To achieve this goal, 100 samples from sheep, and goat lungs and rumen tissues (50 for each), were collected from the Basrah slaughterhouse. Fungi were isolated from the samples and diagnosed based on the morphology of colonies cultured on Sabraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media, then detected microscopically after staining with methylene cotton blue and Indian ink stain. PCR and DNA sequencing of the18S rRNA ribosomal gene confirmed the important and common fungal isolates. The current study showed the presence of fungal isolates in lung samples of sheep including, Cryptococcus spp.(29.43%) represented the highest percentage. While the lowest percentage was Coccidioides spp. accounted for (4.878%). However, those isolated from the rumen of sheep in high percent was Cryptococcus spp. (48.571%), and finally, the lungs contained Coccidioides spp. (4.878%). The result of fungal isolates from the lungs of the goats in high numbers was Aspergillus spp. (42.5%), the fungal isolate that appears in low numbers, Candida spp. (7.5%).
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Performance promotion of broiler chickens: the role of the food supplements Texto completo
2022
Sinan Abdullah
In order to increase egg and chicken meat production, poultry growth is critical. The purpose of this study is to see how well broiler chickens perform when provided different additives in their meals (trace minerals and vitamins). Nutraceuticals, in addition to providing nutritional requirements for birds, offer advantageous pharmacological effects, such as assisting in the establishment of normal state of physiological health, preventing various diseases, and thus improving production performance. The vitamins, polypeptides and amino acids, minerals, enzymes, and other nutraceuticals are examples. Vitamins are dietary substances that are required for vital cell functions such as cell development, growth, and metabolism process. Mineral nutrition is critical in broiler chicken production, with an emphasis on manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu). Due to the availability of organic trace elements and today''s fast-growing birds, broiler chickens'' Mn, Zn, Se, and Cu requirements must be revised.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Multisystem Evaluation of the Physiological Effects of the Grape seed Texto completo
2022
Amira Mohammed
Grape seed extraction has many beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and blood pressure and has also been proven to have anti-obesity effects and/or improve fatty acid oxidation and insulin responses. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of grape seed extract on some physiological parameters in multiple systems. To this end, male mice were injected intraperitoneally with (100 mg/kg B.W) for 7 days. Serum was collected to detect the concentration of ALT and TSB (liver functions). Urea and creatinine (a kidney function) concentration was measured. Testosterone, LH, and FSH (male reproductive function) concentration were evaluated. Our results revealed a significant reduction in ALT concentration in the grape seed extraction group compared with the control group. Total serum bilirubin was non-detectable in both the grape seed extraction group as well as the control group. Urea and creatinine concentrations appeared to have no significant change between both grape seed extraction and the control group. Testosterone, LH, and FSH hormone levels were significantly raised in the grape seed extraction group compared with the control group. Prolactin hormone results revealed no change in both the grape seed extraction group and the control group. Our study showed up that grape seed extract can improve male reproductive hormones without any toxic effect on the liver or kidney.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Histological and Biochemical Investigation of Hepato-protective Role of Vitamin B12 in Male Wistar Rats Intoxicated by Diazinon Texto completo
2022
Aseel Hameed
In order to estimate the hepato-protective activity of Vit.B12 in diazinon hepatotoxic effect, the current study was performed on twenty-four male adult Wistar rats. They’d divided into four equal groups for 30 days: group A (control group) served as control; group B (Dzn group) administered an oral daily dose of 1/10 LD50 (3.8mg/ kg.bw) from diazinon; group C (Dzn + Vit.B12 group) administered an oral daily dose of 1/10 LD50 (3.8 mg / kg bw) from diazinon, in addition to the systemic intramuscular doses of (4 mg/kg) from Vit.B12 in daily basis; group D (Vit.B12 group) administered daily systemic intramuscular doses of (4 mg/kg) Vit.B12 only. The results showed that group C had a significant improvement in the antioxidant indicators compared with group B in which the CAT, GSH, and SOD serum activities showed significant increasing (P≤0.05) in group C, in addition, it revealed a significant decreasing (P≤0.05) in the values of MDA and peroxynitrite comparing to the same levels of the group B. The histological results of the liver of group C showed a great improvement compared with group B which showed normal hepatic architecture consisting of normal hepatocytes, and normal sinusoids with normal other hepatic components except mild central vein dilation. The current study concludes that vitamin B12 helps to ameliorate the diazinon hepatotoxic effects as a model for a wide spread of organophosphorus compounds in agriculture and veterinary sectors by ameliorating its harmful oxidation on the liver since vitamin B12 is cheap and available as a commercial supplement therefore we recommend its uses
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]A comparative study of Escherichia coli isolates from open and closed sheep breeding systems in Nineveh, Iraq Texto completo
2022
A.H. Al-Sabawi | Dh. Jwher
Nineveh is one of the main governorates of Iraq for sheep ranching. However, in recent years, E.coli has caused many problems and diseases in sheep. Therefore, the current study was conducted to isolate E.coli from sheep and their surrounding environment in two types of breeding systems (open and closed) and to study the effect of the breeding system on the rates of its isolation. During the period from 1 Feb to 30 Apr 2022, 380 samples from milk, skin swabs, oral swabs from lambs, water, dry fodder, feces, bedding and green grass were collected. Eight flocks of sheep classified into two groups open and closed breeding system. Standard microbiological methods were done using Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB), MacConkey and Brilliance agars cultures. Then, the isolates were confirmed using biochemical tests. Molecular confirmation of E.coli was performed using specific primers uidA gene. The current study showed that out of 240 samples, 130 samples from open breeding system at a rate of 54.2% and out of 140 samples, 90 samples from closed breeding system at a rate of 64.3%, were positive for the bacterial isolation and PCR assay. The high isolation rate of E.coli from the sheep closed breeding system, indicates the lack of hygiene procedures application with regard to flocks health, as well as the sanitary procedures followed in animal housing. Close monitoring of food animal production is essential and that it could reduce the potential public health risks in both animal and human medicines.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Programmed Host Cell Death and Infectious Process of Mycoplasma Texto completo
2022
Alaa Abed | Ali Al-Iedani | Ahmed Neamah
A common characteristic of Mycoplasma diseases is their chronicity, Mycoplasma spp. infection have been frequently associated with upper respiratory infections, chronic lung disease , asthma, meningeal encephalitis, mastitis, arthritis, heart problems, sterility, bone problems , oviduct dysfunctions and death in human and different animal species. In former years, changeable expression of membrane antigens has been detected in a number of Mycoplasma spp., resulting in the assumption that immune prevarication may be an important part of the their infection and pathogenesis. It has been determined how the attachment organelle, which mediates the complicated interactions between various adhesins and auxiliary adhesion proteins to mediate the critical first stage of cytoadherence to respiratory tract epithelium. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines cause tissue damage by intracellular localization, direct cytotoxicity, and activation of the inflammatory cascade via Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and inflammosome activation, which causes air passage inflammation. All of these play crucial roles in the infectious process. This paper seeks to provide a thorough assessment of recent developments in our understanding of Mycoplasma pathogenesis with the understanding of its virulence mechanisms.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Study the ability of rosemary leaf Ethanol extract to protect male rabbits’ liver and kidney against poisoning cypermethrin Texto completo
2022
Shireen Hasan | Ahlam Al-Rikaby
Rosmarinus officinalis, L. (Lamiaceae) offers medicinal potential against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity Due to its antioxidant and anti-toxicity properties. The objective, of this research is to explore into the ethanol extract of Rosmarinus officianalis leaves and its efficacy against cypremethrin induce toxicity in The liver and The kidney of male rabbits. Forty male rabbits were employed in this experience, group one ( without exposure); rabbits received corn oil ( 1 ml) group two; rabbits oral exposure to cypermethrin with dose (66.5 mg/kg/b.w ( 1/10 of LD50) dissolved in corn oil , group three( protective group) received rosemary extract with dose 100mg/kg plus cypermethrine with dose 66.5 mg/kg/b.w., group four received rosemary extract with dose 200mg/kg plus cypermethrine with dose 66.5 mg/kg/b.w. the above doses once per day for 6 weeks respectively.In accordance with the current study's findings, liver enzyme levels significantly increased. ALT,ALSand ALP),Lipid profile (TC,TG.LDL-cand VLDL_c) and kidney function tests (urea, a creatinine, uric acid and blood urea, nitrogen concentrations ) but significant decrease in (Total protein and HDL_ c value ) in the treated group with cypermethrin , .whereas the animals received rosemary extract in both dose plus cypermethrin produced notable decrease in the levels of the vital parameters of the liver and kidneys are with the normal level. : the current study displayed that the Rosmarinus officinalis has antitoxicity activities as seen via decreasing liver enzymes, lipid profile and kidney function tests is accompanied by elevated the levels of total protein .
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]