In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a comparative studying of immune reactivity of broiler chickens immunized against Marek's disease by means of vaccines of Russian production. In course of the study it was established, that in broiler chickens vaccinated against Marek's disease (by means of cultural dry viral vaccine on the basis a virus of herpes of turkeys FS-126 and by liquid bivalent cultural virus vaccine Bimarek on the basis of strains of a herpes virus of turkeys and a herpes virus of hens) the revealed morphological changes in immune system organs of did not essentially differ and testified to the development of intense postvaccinal immunity. Economic efficiency of immunization of broiler chicken against Marek's disease under production conditions made 4,87 and 2,94 Belarusian roubles per 1 rouble of expenses, respectively. | Целью исследования явилось сравнительное изучение иммунной реактивности организма цыплят-бройлеров, иммунизированных против болезни Марека вакцинами российского производства. В ходе исследований установлено, что у цыплят-бройлеров, вакцинированных против болезни Марека культуральной сухой вирусвакциной из вируса герпеса индеек ФС-126 и жидкой бивалентной культуральной вирусвакциной Бимарек из штаммов вируса герпеса индеек и вируса герпеса кур выявленные морфологические изменения в органах иммунной системы существенно не отличаются и свидетельствуют о выработке напряженного поствакцинального иммунитета. Экономическая эффективность иммунизации цыплят против болезни Марека в производственных условиях составляет 4,87 и 2,94 рубля на 1 рубль затрат соответственно.

Belarus concerns a biogeochemical province with the lowered content in environment of such microelements, as iodine, selenium, copper, cobalt, manganese, zinc and some other. It conducts to infringement of intensity and an orientation of processes of an exchange of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and finally - to decrease in their growth and development of an organism of young growth. High cost of foreign preparations for treatment and preventive maintenance of an alimentary anaemia, low bioavailability of iron and toxicity do not provide purposeful disesase control and immunodeficiencies arising on its background. The special urgency is got by research of means of complex preventive maintenance of an alimentary anaemia and immunodeficiencies. It has been established that the recipes N1-3 have proved to be non-toxic for laboratory animals and have no effect on the meat quality.

Data confirming a significant influence of potato (Solanum tuberosum) variety on increasing the efficiency on potato growing was analyzed in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. A method for erythrocyte fixation intended for hemagglutination inhibition test through the use of 50% solutions of formalin (the identical volume of the isotonic solution of sodium chloride was added to 40% solution of formaldehyde). Fixing of erythrocytes was spent at room temperature within 48 hours with the subsequent six-fold washing up by their sterile isotonic solution of sodium chloride by means of centrifuging. Stabilized by the presented method erythrocytes were stored at 4 deg С up to one year (supervision term) in course of which they were completely suitable as a component of reaction with preservation of its sensitivity and specificity. Thus, as a result of realized research there were made the following conclusions: for fixation of erythrocytes, intended for statement of hemagglutination inhibition test it was possible to use a solution of formaldehyde. Fixed in such a way erythrocytes preserved the capability for hemagglutination by influenza virus in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction in course of one year. Arrangement of hemagglutination inhibition reaction by means of application of fixed erythrocytes made it possible to realize an authentic serological diagnostics of pig influenza. | Способ стабилизации эритроцитов, предназначенных для постановки реакции задержки (торможения) гемагглютинации, основан на фиксации полученных из крови эритроцитов равным объемом 50%-ного раствора формалина (к 40%-ному раствору формальдегида добавляют одинаковый объем изотонического раствора натрия хлорида). Фиксация эритроцитов проводится при комнатной температуре в течение 48 часов с последующим шестикратным отмыванием их стерильным изотоническим раствором натрия хлорида путем центрифугирования. Стабилизированные таким образом эритроциты хранят при 4 градусах по Цельсию до одного года (срок наблюдения), в течение которого они полностью пригодны в качестве компонента реакции с сохранением ee чувствительности и специфичности. Таким образом, в результате исследований сделаны следующие выводы: Для фиксации эритроцитов, предназначенных для постановки реакции задержки (торможения) гемагглютинации возможно использование раствора формальдегида. Фиксированные таким образом эритроциты сохраняют способность к гемагглютинации вирусом гриппа в реакции задержки гемагглютинации в течение одного года. Постановка реакции задержки гемагглютинации с использованием фиксированных эритроцитов дает возможность достоверной серологической диагностики гриппа свиней.

Analysis of veterinary and sanitary examination and quality of cattle slaughter products after cattle clamidiosis was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus from April, 2004 till January, 2006. Over all these research periods there were studied 1579 cattle heads and their slaughter products. The usual salting of meat and other products with the purpose of their clearing from chlamydiosis was unsuitable for practical application. Due to long-term (1,5-9 months) persistence of chlamydia in parenchymal organs for the prevention of people infection and chlamydiosis spreading it is necessary to realize slaughter of diseased animals at a diseased animal slaughter house or in a killing department at the end of working shift with observance of measures of individual preventive maintenance and the subsequent disinfection of a premise, the equipment, stock and tools.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was analyzed the influence of mycotoxins on state of energy metabolism and development of energy deficient states of bred and milking sows maintained in the production breeding conditions. Clinical status of sows was characterized by concurrent mycotoxicoses. As a result of action of mycotoxins in sows there was developed an energy deficiency and state of acidosis. The mentioned above changes played an important part in the pathogenesis of mycotoxicosis. There were presented the following results: analysis of groups of pregnant sows and suckling-pigs; the content of mycotoxins in mixed fodders; symptoms revealed at sows and pigs; indexes of carbohydrate and lipide exchanges in blood of sows; the content of trace elements in blood of sows; gas composition of sow blood. | Исследования проведены на супоросных и подсосных свиноматках, содержащихся в условиях промышленной технологии. Клинический статус свиноматок характеризовался сочетанным микотоксикозом. В результате действия микотоксинов у свиноматок развились энергодефицит и состояние ацидоза. Данные изменения являются важной составной частью патогенеза при микотоксикозах. В табличной форме представлены группы супоросных и подсосных свиноматок, содержание микотоксинов в комбикормах, симптомы, выявленные у свиноматок и поросят, показатели углеводного и липидного обменов в крови свиноматок, содержание макроэлементов в крови свиноматок, газовый состав крови свиноматок.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the parasitizing influence of Oesophagostomum and their larvae on a metabolism of experimentally infested animals. In course of the study there were generated experimental and control groups of two-month old piglets. Animals of the experimental group were infested in a dose of 15000 invasion larvae per one kg of body weight. Animals of the control group were not infested. Infestation was realized through a mouth with invasion larvae with wet forage. Invasion larvae received by cultivation of excrement tests from infested pigs at temperature of 24 deg C. As a result of the realized research it was established, that Oesophagostomum invasion rendered a substantial influence on the experimental animals. At bimestrious pigs after the experimental infection with Oesophagostomum larvae there were stated the following changes: the disease on 4-30th day was characterized by frustration of function of a gastroenteric path - diarrhea, fever, anaemia, and in the subsequent - stagnation and juvenilism of animals. Oesophagostomum in a host organism caused the pathological changes of haemotological and biochemical blood value which were expressed in quantity decrease of erythrocytes, concentration of haemoglobin, leucocytosis. Eosinophilia was observed in a leukogram. In blood serum there was stated the lowering of crude protein and its fractions content; gradually, but authentically there was noted the increasing of activity serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. Bactericidal and lysozymic activity of blood serum decreased. Activity of alkaline phosphatase increased.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the influence of electroactive solutions of anolyte neutral, catholyte alkaline and hypochlorite sodium on microbial flora of a gastro enteric path of calves and sheep. In course the realized research it was stated that more expressed action of anolyte neutral and hypochlorite sodium on beneficial microflora of animal intestines (namely, the decrease in quantity of some indexes) can probably be explained by an expressed antimicrobic action of the analyzed solutions. However, the quantitative changes occurring in composition of microbial flora were not so great and cannot cause radical changes of a microbial landscape of gastro-intestinal tract. Less expressed influence on microbial flora of intestines of calves and sheep rendered the solution of alkaline catholyte. Taking into consideration the expressed regenerative properties of the studied electroactive solution, it was possible to assume, that according to the mode of action of the preparation, its application will promote the increasing of protective forces of an organism without causing any radical changes of a microbial landscape of intestines of animals. The problem of influence of electroactive solutions on a microbial landscape of a gastro enteric tract of animals demands the further studying, however at the given stage it is possible to make a conclusion, that the quantitative changes of the microbial flora which were caused by application of the analyzed solutions, proved to be less fatal and did not render sharp negative influence on a microbial landscape as a whole. Taking into consideration data of the realized research it is possible to make a conclusion on possibility of application of the electro activated solutions of anolyte neutral, catholyte alkaline and hypochlorite sodium for treatment of gastro enteric tract diseases of agricultural animals.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized the determination of efficiency of application of saline and chelate forms of copper and cobalt for treatment of anemic syndrome of cattle. It was found out that lack of copper and cobalt in cattle diets in the conditions of normal supply of iron could be a cause of cattle anemic syndrome. It took place because of the iron adsorption disorder in intestines and its inclusions in haem, as well as lowering of ehritropoztin synthesis. In the conditions of administration of copper and cobalt-containing preparations for animals there was noted the increasing of iron and haemoglobin content in blood. Administration of ethylene diamine tetraacetates of cobalt and copper made it possible to reduce considerably all evidences of clinical and laboratory symptoms of anemia and hypomicroelementosis in comparison with application of copper sulphate and cobalt.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied a comparative efficacy of methods of drug administration for diseased animals with respiratory diseases. It was stated that enteral (internal) administration of Tromexin in a complex therapy of calves with respiratory pathology possesses rendered low therapeutic efficacy and could have a lethal outcome. Parenteral (intramuscular) administration of Enrotil and Dexafort for a complex therapy of calves with respiratory pathology rendered a moderate therapeutic efficacy and could lead to animal's state improvement. Parenteral (intravenous) administration of hypertonic solutions of norsulfazol, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and glucose in complex therapy of calves diseased with a respiratory pathology proved to render a high therapeutic efficacy and may lead in a complete clinical recovery.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were determined types of transferrins of 46-day old broiler chickens and their relation with indexes characterizing ferrum transport fund. In broilers of Smena-2 cross there were stated four transferrin phenotypes, which revealed at a electrophoregram in a form of two fractions with various mobility and intensity. The quantity of the found out phenotypes should be considered as a minimum one because it was possible to find out the infrequent forms only after realization of a very big number of research studies (for example, occurrence of some phenotypes can be 1:1000 and even lower). Perfection of electrophoresis techniques or application of other carriers (for example, polyacrylamide gel) can also increase a number of phenotypes owing to high resolving power and division of homogeneous transferrin fraction into several sub-factions. The type of transferrin actually did not render influence on the content of haemin proteins, while the indices of ferrum transport fund showed out such kind of dependence. Taking into account that total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was caused by transferrin presence in blood serum, the distinction in this indicator characterized both the transferrin content, and its transport possibilities in relation to iron. The highest content of total iron and TIBC was observed at a slow phenotype of CD tranferrin type (formed by fractions with the least mobility). Fast type of tranferrin АВ (formed by the most mobile fractions) had high enough content of the totaliron but possessed the least iron-binding ability that specifies to the worst performance capabilities of transportation of iron ions. Taking into consideration the transferrin value in formation of antibacterial immunity, it is possible to assume, that broilers with phenotype СD should be more resistant to infections.