A crossbred Jersey cow was referred with a history of repeat breeding syndrome.  Routine  gynaeco-clinical  examination  revealed  normal  uterine  tract with palpable cyst-like structures near the right ovary and uterine tube. Trans- rectal ultrasonography confirmed the presence of  large, anechoic, cystic structure adjacent to the right ovary, consistent with an ovarian hydrobursitis coupled with hydrosalpinx. Early and accurate ultrasonographic diagnosis is essential for guiding clinical decision-making, particularly in repeat breeding cases, as timely intervention can significantly enhance reproductive outcomes and declare the fertility potential of valuable breeding animals.

In recent decades, proper and high-quality food rations have been important factors in the development of the shrimp industry, its growth and maintaining its health. Since, macroalgae and probiotics play significant role in aquaculture development.This study investigates the synergistic effect of a premixed extract of brown macroalgae (Sargassum ilicifolium،Nizimuddinia zanardini،Padina australis, and Cystoseira Indica, MPE) and probiotic Bacillus subtilis IS0 (P) on the growth performance, and digestive activity in Litopenaeus vannamei. In this study, 2400 post-larvae with an average weight of 1.29±0.28 mg were randomly distributed at a density of 100 individuals in 8 experimental groups with 3 replications for each group. The control group received a diet without MPE and P, while the other groups were fed diets containing 15 g kg-1 of MPE, 1 g 100g-1 of P (P1), 2 g 100g-1 of P (P2), 3 g 100g-1 of P (P3), MPE+P1, MPE+P2, and MPE+P3 respectively for 60 days. The results showed that the groups fed MPE+P2 and MPE+P3 had the highest specific growth rates (SGR), final weights (FW) and weight gains (WG), which were significantly different from the control and other experimental groups (p<0.05). The MPE+P2 group also had the highest enzyme activities for lipase (2.02±1.37 U mL-1 protein) and protease (76.37±883.33 U mL-1 protein) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the Simultaneous use of extracts from brown macroalgae and probiotic Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 2 g 100-1 g of diet improved growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of shrimp.

Temperature significantly influences the distribution and survival of bivalve populations, with elevated temperatures resulting in increased mortality rates. Research indicates that temperature fluctuations can markedly affect bivalve immune responses, including gene expression, hemocyte concentrations, and overall immunocompetence. Higher temperatures impair immune functions, leading to decreased phagocytic activity, compromised immune parameters, and disrupted metabolic processes, which collectively contribute to increased mortality. Understanding the relationship between temperature stress and bivalve survival is crucial for effective population management and for developing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts on bivalve populations in changing ecosystems.

Canine transmissible venereal tumor also known as transmissible venereal tumor, contagious venereal tumor, transmissible lymphosarcoma, transmissible venereal sarcoma and infectious granuloma. This tumor commonly affects the external genitalia in dogs of both sexes but More incidences in females are occurring as compared to males. The clinical signs of the genital system include serosanguineous vaginal discharge, cutaneous discharge, protrusion of neoplastic lesions, intermittent or continuous skin lesions, swelling of the genital area, excessive licking of the genital region and pain. The tumor initially is small and its color varies from pink to red, subsequently transforming into a large, ulcerated and infected mass. Over time, the volume of the tumor increases and the lesions develop into fragile, hyperemic, bleeding, multilobular and cauliflower resembling masses. A Sarabi bitch, 18 months old, was referred to the hospital of faculty of Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz, suffering from serosanguineous vaginal discharge for the past three months. During examinations, the size of the vagina was normal and the discharge was observed to be red in color. CBC and biochemistry tests indicated a decrease in red blood cells and hematocrit level, along with an increase in fibrinogen. In the vaginal cytology sample, red blood cells, large and small intermediate cells and TVT round cells were observed. After multiple assessments, a diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) was confirmed. However, due to the owner’s lack of follow up, treatment was not completed.

Feline leukemia virus is a highly infectious virus among cats, spread primarily via saliva, mutual grooming and aggressive behaviors. This virus cause disorders of hematopoiesis, immune suppression, anemia lymphomas and leukemias. Blood samples were obtained from a client owned 4 years male cat presented to a veterinary private clinic in Baghdad governorate for checking and tested by using the anigen FIV/FeLV rapid kits (manufactured by Bionote, validated from OIE reference laboratories, republic of Korea) to detect FeLV antigen (94% sensitivity of FeLV Ag, 99% specificity) and by blood sample analysis. The result was positive for the leukemic antigen. This is the first confirmatory diagnosis of FeLV in iraq.

A highly mutated RNA virus known as feline Kalisi virus (FCV) is commonly found in domestic cats. However, its potential for transmission to humans is minimal. FCV has significant genetic and antigenic diversity in cat populations. Severe acute systemic FCV infection (VS-FCV) manifests itself as lingual ulcers for upper respiratory tract diseases, gingivitis, alopecia, skin, mouth, ear problems, and claudication syndrome. Other symptoms include necrosis of the pancreas, liver, and spleen, bronchointerstitial pneumonia, and subcutaneous edema that contribute to the high mortality rate of infected cats. The diagnosis of FC virus is carried out using two techniques: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and virus isolation. The frequency of antibodies is usually high in cat populations due to vaccination and symptomatic diseases. Therefore, the presence of certain antibodies does not always indicate the presence of a prolonged infection. The mainstay of FCV treatment is supportive care, although there are no authorized antiviral drugs specifically designed for the virus. However, drugs such as misuripine and nitazoxanide have proven their antiviral effectiveness in the laboratory. The types of vaccines available include inactivated and modified vaccines. Vaccination is necessary for the prevention of FCV virus. Preventing the spread of FCV requires proper hygiene and effective disinfection, especially in versatile environments.

Ovine hemotropic Mycoplasma (Ohm)are zoonotic pathogens that are emerging and are responsible for severe hemolytic anemia and substantial financial losses. The purpose of this study was to use the conventional polymerase chain reaction (C-PCR) method to molecularly detect Ovine hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in infected sheep in Nineveh Province, Iraq. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis of Ohm spp. diagnosed in this study was investigated. Sheep from various regions of Nineveh province were collected to provide a total of 241 blood samples (3 ml). Results revealed that the infection rates of Mycoplasma ovis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematovis were 52.6% and 23.2%, respectively, using C-PCR with a primer specific to the species. Four 16S rRNA gene sequences were extracted from sheep blood for individual sequencing analysis. The NCBI GenBank contains the sequences of Ohm under the accession numbers PV273224 and PV273225 (Mycoplasma ovis) and PV273226 and PV273227 (Candidatus Mycoplasma haematovis). These sequences were identical (100%) to those associated with Mycoplasma ovis found in the following databases: NCBI GenBank (GU230142 and AF338268 in the United States), MH379799 in Brazil, MF377458 in Turkey, JF931138 in Japan, MW547439 in Poland, ON202709 in Germany, and EU828582 in Switzerland. Additionally, OQ310852 was identified in Egypt as Candidatus Mycoplasma haematovis. Mycoplasma ovis and Candidatus M. haemovis, two ovine hemotropic mycoplasmas, were first detected in sheep in the Nineveh province in this study. It was observed that they are ubiquitous, and this discovery may prove advantageous for future research and strategic management of this mycoplasma species in the study region.

Formalin is one of the liquid materials handled by the laboratory in particular and manufactured in general. It is also incorrectly disposed of and likely to be scattered to the main estuaries, which may significantly affect aquatic and wild animals. The primary goal of the study was to determine the changes in body tissues, particularly the spleen. The experiment involved taking five male rats for each group, injected with a saline solution under the skin of the rats, and considered this group to be the control group, which was called group (A) . Group (B) was injected with a 2% diluted formalin solution under the skin for a week every 72 hours. The experiment on five other animals, with injections of the same substance and quantity under the skin, lasted for two weeks and was called group (C), comparing the results of the totals with some. The results of the tissue sections after routine staining (H and E) showed that the effect of formalin in group B was greater than in group C After these totals were compared with the control group A , showed atrophy of the white and red pulp in the spleen. The atrophy of the white pulmonary lymphocytes includes loss of lymphocytes in T cells , and B cells . The study revealed that exposure to formalin causes significant alterations in spleen tissue the longer the exposure period.