The current study was designed to assess some critical mineral elements concentration in the serum of camels using advanced methods like Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis (SEM-EDS) using scanning electron microscope of minute camel’s blood. The present study was conducted on forty-eight healthy adult males and females of camel (Camelus dromedarius) aged three to five years in three southern governorates of Iraq: Basra, Thi-Qar and Muthana (6 males and 10 females per governorate). Blood samples were applied to field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to recognize the essential cellular morphological properties found in camel’s RBCs that assist camels to adaptation on harsh condition. While, serum was subsequently assayed for elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM images of RBCs showed a smooth surface with a circumference invagination referred to tropical waist with difference in length and width of RBCs between male and female. While, EDS percentage atomic concentrations study of camel’s serum revealed different amount of essential, heavy and rare trace elements in both sexes from the Basra and Thiqar governorate and different levels in essential elements in the serum of both sexes of Thiqar and Muthana governorates.  

This study includes three parts: isolation of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroid fragilis from 94 stool samples collected from different hospitals in Baghdad city from the beginning of March/2020 to the end of April/2021. Stool samples were streaked on BBE media in an anaerobic condition for 24-48h. Identification of Fragilis was done based on morphological characteristics on BBE media: gray convex small rounded colonies surround black zone colonies and molecular method using specific genes 16S rRNA and bft gene. Results showed 34 Fragilis isolates were positive for the 16S rRNA gene and 5 Fragilis positive for the bft gene were classified as Enterotoxigenic Fragilis (ETBF). ETBF isolate which was positive for the bft gene and 16S rRNA was purified by using the Van Tassel method. 30 male mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice for each group the first group as control, the second group is positive control mice administered daily2% dextran sulfate sodium for 30 days, the third group mice administered by stomach tube 2%DSS for 10 days after 10 days mice administered with 20 µg of bft toxin by stomach tube for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, all groups of mice were killed by euthanized ethics. Tissue samples (liver, intestine, and spleen) from mice were removed. The organs were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological techniques. Histopathological changes in the third group, in the liver section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin, showed: necrotic hepatocytes and dilated sinusoids with hemorrhage. Histopathological changes in the intestine section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin showed: sloughing and degenerated villi and shorten villi. Histopathological changes in the spleen section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin showed: amyloid infiltration and all lymphoid follicles depleted with necrotic lymphocytes

A total of twenty-six local chickens were representing shank feathering and non-feathering shank were used to sequence five QTLs, which associated with shank feather trait in chicken. The five location sequence results were shown polymorphism between the shank feathering and non-feathering shank. All the candidate markers were differed between the shank feather and non-feathering shank. The big distance was in (ADL221), and the less distance was in marker MCW315.

The present study has been conducted for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites isolated from cats and dogs in Basrah province from November 2018 to January 2019. One hundred fecal samples were collected from cats and dogs. Samples were submitted to the parasite’s lab in college of veterinary medicine of Basrah university. for diagnoses by direct microscopic examination and concentration methods. Gastrointestinal parasites of cat identified in this study were: Toxascaris leonine 58.8%, Toxoplasma gondii 11.7, Isospora spp   11.7%, Entamoeba spp.17.6% , and for dog were Dipylidium caninum 21%, Toxocara canis 10.5%, Isospora canis 36.8%, Cryptosporidium spp. 5.2%, Giardia spp. 10.5%, Entamoeba spp. 5.2% , Ancylostoma caninum 10.5%,

This study aimed to find out how different stress conditions (like temperature and pH) affect Salmonella enterica biofilm formation. This was done by looking at the phenotypic and genotypic features of isolates. 12 Salmonella enterica Isolate from animals, and 13 Salmonella enterica Isolate from people were used. S. enterica isolates were grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at (37°C, 25°C, and 42°C), and at pH levels (7, 5, and 9). The results revealed that the percentage was 52% in the standard conditions (temperature 37ºC and pH 7) while, in another condition, observed in the same temperature (37 °C) but with pH differences (pH 5, pH 9). S. enterica, did not produce biofilm. As for the stability pH in the, pH 7 with a change in, the temperature at 25°C percentage, biofilm produce (44%) while in 42 °C (64%). The detection rates of genes, biofilm-related PCR was used to find BapA and CsgD, were 100%. Although the biofilm formation of the phenotype did not give 100% results, the genotype gave 100%, which indicates that the gene is present but not expressed. Based on the findings in this study provided valuable information on the biofilm formation of Salmonella isolated from animals and humans.

In this project, 270 broiler chickens one day old were used to demonstrate the effect of the addition of the amino acid cysteine ​​added to the diets of birds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on the liver and kidneys. The experiment was divided into 9 equal groups; & each group had 30 birds with 3 replicates, and each replicate had 10 birds. The control group was without addition. As for the treated groups, cysteine, ​​and aflatoxin B1 were added to their diets at 40%, 80% & 160% cysteine, and aflatoxin B1 was added at 0 ml, 4 ml & 8 ml, respectively. The variables collected were liver & kidney histopathology, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. When adding cysteine to a bird's diet contains Aflatoxin B1 not observed in blood ALT amount. The histopathological examination showed fibrosis in the liver and degeneration and dilatation of cortical tubules in the kidney. The amount of AST in the blood was greater at 28 days of age, specifically in G2 (Cysteine 80%) &G3 (Cysteine 160%) at Aflatoxin B1 0 ml, which caused significant damage to the liver. The giving of cysteine 40, 80& 160% in birds' feed contaminated with AflatoxinB1 0, 4& 8ml, which is intake by birds, has harmful effects on the health of the liver.

The current investigation was done to study the characteristic anatomical features of the trachea in the swan geese (Anser cygnoides). For that purpose, the methods included using 10 birds (5 males 5 females) collected between October and March. The birds were euthanized, the trachea was collected, and features such as location, relationship, length, weight, and volume were reported. The results revealed that the trachea was located between (caudally) first tracheosyrnigeal cartilage border and (rostrally) in the caudal border of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx. The skeleton of the trachea and each ring of the tracheal cartilages included both broad and narrow regions, with the broad parts of adjacent rings overlapping the narrow parts of the adjacent rings. The trachea was joined to two muscles. Sternotracheolaryngeus muscles, also called sternotrachealis muscles, are a pair of large skeletal muscles securely attached to the trachea at the tenth ring of the distal half, cranial to the pessulus cartilage of the syrinx. They are easy to see, face forward, and come from the craniolateral process of the sternum.  This serves as the primary origin of the caudolateral and caudomedial extrinsic muscles of the larynx. This study clearly shows the characteristic features of the trachea of the swan geese that could be useful buildups for future studies that deal with different sciences related to this important bird.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian reovirus (ARV) cause significant losses in the poultry industry throughout the world. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages in Manjacaze district, Southern Mozambique, to determine the seroprevalence of IBV and ARV. A total of 467 serum samples from adult unvaccinated backyard chickens were screened using commercial and competitive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay kits. Our results showed anti-IBV and anti-ARV antibodies in all surveyed households and villages. The overall seroprevalence was 89.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.2–97.4) and 95.7% (95% CI: 88.0–99.2) for IBV and ARV, respectively. The risk of becoming exposed to IBV was lower in Chidenguele village compared with the other three villages (p  0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were observed for becoming exposed to ARV between villages (p  0.05). The backyard chickens tested in this study had no previous history of vaccination, outbreaks or typical clinical signs of IB and AR diseases. Therefore, the presence of antibodies to IBV and ARV was considered clear evidence that the birds have been naturally exposed to those two infectious agents, and the infection was of subclinical type. It is concluded that IBV and ARV are widespread in backyard chickens in the studied area. These obtained data are essential for design and implementation of chicken health development programmes. Contribution: The epidemiology of IBV and ARV of backyard chicken in Mozambique is unknown. This study determined the seroprevalence of IBV and ARV in backyard chicken health. The obtained data are essential for design and implementation of chicken health development programmes.

This study was carried out on a total of 550 lactating animals; 310 and 240 cows and buffaloes, respectively which were examined for signs of clinical mastitis (swelling, hotness, redness, and apparent milk change) from different dairy farms and veterinary units located at El-Fayoum Governorate during the period from May 2017 to November 2017. Clinical examination proved that out of these animals, a total of 126 animals (87 cattle and 39 buffaloes) were found with clinical mastitis. Streptococcus species were recovered from 73 animals including; 29(39.7%) and 44(60.0%) cows and buffaloes, respectively. Furthermore, out of the 73 Streptococci isolates recovered from cows and buffaloes; there were 10(13.7%) and 15(20.5%) S. agalactiae, 5(6.8%) and 10(23.7%) S. dysgalactiae, 8 (10.6%) and 7 (13.7%) S. uberis, 3(4.1%) and 10(13.7 %) E. fecalis and 3(4.1%) and 2(2.7%) S. lactarius, respectively. Anti-microbial susceptibility testing showed that the highest resistance was recorded against penicillin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and doxycycline (100%). Conversely, the highest sensitivity was recorded against ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (100%). Biofilm formation capacity was phenotypically assessed on YESCA CR agar medium and showed that all examined S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae were strong biofilm producers, meanwhile, 78%, 50%, and 75% of S. uberis, S. lactarius, and E. fecalis were biofilm positive isolates respectively. Application of PCR technique revealed that enterotoxins producing genes; sed, seb were found in 20% and 80% of isolates, in order. Biofilm-associated genes; fnbA and icaA genes were detected in 90% and 70%, respectively. Resistance genes; mecA and blaZ, genes were possessed in 90% and 70% of isolates, respectively.

No abstract available.