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Clinical chemistry investigations in recumbent and healthy German Holstein cows after the fifth day in milk Texto completo
2019
Weber Jim | Zenker Markus | Köller Gábor | Fürll Manfred | Freick Markus
Clinical chemistry investigations in recumbent and healthy German Holstein cows after the fifth day in milk Texto completo
2019
Weber Jim | Zenker Markus | Köller Gábor | Fürll Manfred | Freick Markus
Recumbency is a frequent symptom occurring throughout lactation. Its cause can be related to the energy or mineral metabolism, or to trauma or infectious diseases. We compared various clinical chemistry parameters between healthy and recumbent cows and between cows with different causes of recumbency and determined if hypocalcaemia manifests in later lactation.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Clinical chemistry investigations in recumbent and healthy German Holstein cows after the fifth day in milk Texto completo
2019
Weber, Jim | Zenker, Markus | Köller, Gábor | Fürll, Manfred | Freick, Markus
Recumbency is a frequent symptom occurring throughout lactation. Its cause can be related to the energy or mineral metabolism, or to trauma or infectious diseases. We compared various clinical chemistry parameters between healthy and recumbent cows and between cows with different causes of recumbency and determined if hypocalcaemia manifests in later lactation. Recumbent (n = 32) and healthy (n = 32) German Holstein cows were studied. After clinical examination, a serum sample was taken to measure the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Na, K, Pi, β-hydroxybutyrate, total bilirubin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, and creatinine as well as activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and γ-glutamyl transferase in recumbent cows > 5 d in milk and control cows matched for age, lactation number, and pregnancy stage. In recumbent cows, mean serum concentrations of NEFA, bilirubin, and CK were statistically higher, while those of Fe, K, and Pi were significantly lower. Parameters compared between different recumbency diagnoses showed some descriptive Fe, K, urea, and AST differences, but these were not statistically significant. The results show that only a limited number of parameters have diagnostic besides therapeutic value. Although of minor importance in our study, hypocalcaemia should be considered a cause of recumbency, even outside the typical risk period of parturient paresis.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]In vitro evaluation of chitosan-DNA plasmid complex encoding Jembrana disease virus Env-TM protein as a vaccine candidate Texto completo
2019
Ishak Januar | Unsunnidhal Lalu | Martien Ronny | Kusumawati Asmarani
In vitro evaluation of chitosan-DNA plasmid complex encoding Jembrana disease virus Env-TM protein as a vaccine candidate Texto completo
2019
Ishak Januar | Unsunnidhal Lalu | Martien Ronny | Kusumawati Asmarani
Introduction: The development of Jembrana disease vaccine is an important effort to prevent losses in the Bali cattle industry in Indonesia. This study aims to prepare a Jembrana DNA vaccine encoding the transmembrane portion of the envelope protein in pEGFP-C1 and test the success of its delivery in culture cells using a chitosan-DNA complex.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]In vitro evaluation of chitosan-DNA plasmid complex encoding Jembrana disease virus Env-TM protein as a vaccine candidate Texto completo
2019
Ishak, Januar | Unsunnidhal, Lalu | Martien, Ronny | Kusumawati, Asmarani
Introduction: The development of Jembrana disease vaccine is an important effort to prevent losses in the Bali cattle industry in Indonesia. This study aims to prepare a Jembrana DNA vaccine encoding the transmembrane portion of the envelope protein in pEGFP-C1 and test the success of its delivery in culture cells using a chitosan-DNA complex. Material and Methods: Cloning of the DNA vaccine was successfully performed on E. coli DH5α and confirmed by colony PCR, restriction analysis and sequencing. The plasmids were prepared as a chitosan complex using the complex coacervation method and physicochemically characterised using a particle size analyser. A transfection assay was performed in HeLa cells with 4 h exposure, and mRNA expression was assessed at 24 h post transfection. Results: With a 1:2 (wt./wt.) ratio of DNA and chitosan, the complexes have a mean diameter of 236 nm, zeta potential value of + 17.9 mV, and showed no high toxicity potential in the HeLa cells. This complex successfully delivered the DNA into cells, as shown by the presence of a specific RT-PCR product (336 bp). However, the real-time PCR analysis showed that the delivery with chitosan complex resulted in lower target mRNA expression when compared with a commercial transfecting agent. Conclusion: pEGFP-env-tm JDV as a candidate vaccine can be delivered as the chitosan-DNA complex and be expressed at the transcription level in vitro. This initial study will be used for further improvement and evaluation in vivo.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Potential role of different fish species as vectors of koi herpesvirus (CyHV-3) infection Texto completo
2019
Matras Marek | Stachnik Magdalena | Borzym Ewa | Maj-Paluch Joanna | Reichert Michał
Potential role of different fish species as vectors of koi herpesvirus (CyHV-3) infection Texto completo
2019
Matras Marek | Stachnik Magdalena | Borzym Ewa | Maj-Paluch Joanna | Reichert Michał
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) has infected farmed common carp in Poland clinically and asymptomatically since 2004. The role of non-carp species as vectors of virus transmission is well known except for in the case of KHV. The aim was to better understand this virus’ infection and transmission pathways in common carp, looking at the potential vector role of fishes kept with them.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Potential role of different fish species as vectors of koi herpesvirus (CyHV-3) infection Texto completo
2019
Matras, Marek | Stachnik, Magdalena | Borzym, Ewa | Maj-Paluch, Joanna | Reichert, Michał
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) has infected farmed common carp in Poland clinically and asymptomatically since 2004. The role of non-carp species as vectors of virus transmission is well known except for in the case of KHV. The aim was to better understand this virus’ infection and transmission pathways in common carp, looking at the potential vector role of fishes kept with them. Eight species were experimentally infected with KHV by immersion in a suspension at 20°C ±1 and transferred to a tank after 45 minutes. Specimens were euthanised at intervals up to 56 days post infection (dpi) and tissue was examined for KHV DNA. Surviving infected fishes were introduced at intervals, each time into a separate tank, to naïve common carp for experimental infection. These were observed daily for symptoms, sacrificed along with controls after three months, and dissected to provide tissue samples. Also fish from 14 species collected from a farm with a history of KHV were sampled from 3 to 22 months after disease was confirmed. Organ sections from single fish were collected in a single tube. Viral DNA was detected in tench and roach samples up to 49 dpi, but in three-spined stickleback and stone maroko samples only up to 14 dpi. Transmission of KHV to naïve carp occurred after cohabitation. KHV DNA was detected in three fish species three months after the farm outbreak. We confirmed that grass and Prussian carp, tench, roach, and brown bullhead can transfer the virus to naïve common carp.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Changes in the activity of ovine blood-derived macrophages stimulated with antimicrobial peptide extract (AMP) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) Texto completo
2019
Wessely-Szponder Joanna | Szponder Tomasz | Bobowiec Ryszard | Michalska Joanna
Changes in the activity of ovine blood-derived macrophages stimulated with antimicrobial peptide extract (AMP) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) Texto completo
2019
Wessely-Szponder Joanna | Szponder Tomasz | Bobowiec Ryszard | Michalska Joanna
Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are a large group of innate immune effectors, which apart from antimicrobial activity show immunomodulative properties. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a source of autologous growth factors and is used for stimulation of bone and soft tissue healing. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of PRP and AMP extract on ovine monocyte-derived macrophage cultures. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on ovine macrophages (Mfs) previously stimulated with LPS or dexamethasone and then with preparations of PRP or AMP. Following activation of the Mfs their morphological and functional features were assessed. Results: The study revealed pro-inflammatory influence of both examined preparations on Mfs cultures on the basis of morphology, ROS generation and arginase activity. Both preparations enhanced the pro-inflammatory response of cultured Mfs. Conclusion: This activity may intensify the antimicrobial action of Mfs, however, in cases of excessive and prolonged inflammation the use of these preparations should be limited.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Changes in the activity of ovine blood-derived macrophages stimulated with antimicrobial peptide extract (AMP) or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) Texto completo
2019
Wessely-Szponder, Joanna | Szponder, Tomasz | Bobowiec, Ryszard | Michalska, Joanna
Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are a large group of innate immune effectors, which apart from antimicrobial activity show immunomodulative properties. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a source of autologous growth factors and is used for stimulation of bone and soft tissue healing. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of PRP and AMP extract on ovine monocyte-derived macrophage cultures. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on ovine macrophages (Mfs) previously stimulated with LPS or dexamethasone and then with preparations of PRP or AMP. Following activation of the Mfs their morphological and functional features were assessed. Results: The study revealed pro-inflammatory influence of both examined preparations on Mfs cultures on the basis of morphology, ROS generation and arginase activity. Both preparations enhanced the pro-inflammatory response of cultured Mfs. Conclusion: This activity may intensify the antimicrobial action of Mfs, however, in cases of excessive and prolonged inflammation the use of these preparations should be limited.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]African swine fever virus – persistence in different environmental conditions and the possibility of its indirect transmission Texto completo
2019
Mazur-Panasiuk Natalia | Żmudzki Jacek | Woźniakowski Grzegorz
African swine fever virus – persistence in different environmental conditions and the possibility of its indirect transmission Texto completo
2019
Mazur-Panasiuk Natalia | Żmudzki Jacek | Woźniakowski Grzegorz
Since 2007, African swine fever (ASF) has posed a serious threat to the European swine industry. In Poland, the numbers of reported outbreaks in pigs and affected areas grow every year. In 2018, the disease was noted in Western Europe, in Belgium specifically, where several hundred infected wild boars have been detected so far. In 2018, the virus unexpectedly emerged in pig holdings in eastern China, northern Mongolia, Vietnam, and Cambodia, causing worldwide concern about its further spread. Since there is still no vaccine available, the only approach to control the disease is biosecurity. Identification of potential sources of the virus is extremely important in light of its phenomenal survivability. The review summarises the current knowledge about ASFV survivability and resistance to environmental conditions, and discusses the role of indirect contact in spreading the disease.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]African swine fever virus – persistence in different environmental conditions and the possibility of its indirect transmission Texto completo
2019
Mazur-Panasiuk, Natalia | Żmudzki, Jacek | Woźniakowski, Grzegorz
Since 2007, African swine fever (ASF) has posed a serious threat to the European swine industry. In Poland, the numbers of reported outbreaks in pigs and affected areas grow every year. In 2018, the disease was noted in Western Europe, in Belgium specifically, where several hundred infected wild boars have been detected so far. In 2018, the virus unexpectedly emerged in pig holdings in eastern China, northern Mongolia, Vietnam, and Cambodia, causing worldwide concern about its further spread. Since there is still no vaccine available, the only approach to control the disease is biosecurity. Identification of potential sources of the virus is extremely important in light of its phenomenal survivability. The review summarises the current knowledge about ASFV survivability and resistance to environmental conditions, and discusses the role of indirect contact in spreading the disease.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evaluation of the possibility of C. burnetii transmission by the alimentary route in a guinea pig model Texto completo
2019
Jodełko Agnieszka | Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Kycko Anna | Niemczuk Krzysztof
Evaluation of the possibility of C. burnetii transmission by the alimentary route in a guinea pig model Texto completo
2019
Jodełko Agnieszka | Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Kycko Anna | Niemczuk Krzysztof
Q fever (coxiellosis) is an infectious disease of animals and humans, caused by.C. burnetii and widely distributed throughout the world. It is known that people and animals acquire the disease predominantly.via inhalation of infectious aerosols. The possibility of transmission of the pathogen by the alimentary route is still a matter of debate and remains controversial. Therefore the aim of this study was to fill the gaps in knowledge of oral transmission of.C. burnetii by conducting biological tests on the guinea pig model.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evaluation of the possibility of C. burnetii transmission by the alimentary route in a guinea pig model Texto completo
2019
Jodełko, Agnieszka | Szymańska-Czerwińska, Monika | Kycko, Anna | Niemczuk, Krzysztof
Q fever (coxiellosis) is an infectious disease of animals and humans, caused by.C. burnetii and widely distributed throughout the world. It is known that people and animals acquire the disease predominantly.via inhalation of infectious aerosols. The possibility of transmission of the pathogen by the alimentary route is still a matter of debate and remains controversial. Therefore the aim of this study was to fill the gaps in knowledge of oral transmission of.C. burnetii by conducting biological tests on the guinea pig model. Guinea pigs, divided into five groups comprising a negative control and four experimental groups, received specified concentrations of.C. burnetii per os. To determine the presence of specific antibodies, blood samples were tested using CFT. Also, internal organs collected during necropsy were screened by a real-time PCR targeting I.1111. Additionally, histopathological evaluation of the tissues was performed. The presence of antibodies and pathogen DNA in caecum was confirmed in one guinea pig from experimental group IV..C. burnetii was also detected in testicular tissue collected from one animal of experimental group II. The presence of pathogen DNA in the testicular tissue indicates that infection spreads haematogenously. In the majority of experimental animals specific antibodies and genetic material of.C. burnetii were not detected. This fact suggests that development of infection depends on many factors, such as animal immune status.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Characterisation of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes Texto completo
2019
Stosik Michał | Tokarz-Deptuła Beata | Deptuła Wiesław
Characterisation of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes Texto completo
2019
Stosik Michał | Tokarz-Deptuła Beata | Deptuła Wiesław
Thrombocytes in vertebrates other than mammals, inter alia in fish, are analogues of platelets in mammals. In Osteichthyes, these cells take part in haemostatic processes, including aggregation and release reactions in cases of blood vessel damage, and in the immune response development as well. This paper discusses the development of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes, taking into account the need to make changes to the concept of grouping progenitor cells as suggested in the literature. The following pages present the morphological and cytochemical properties of thrombocytes as well as their defence functions, and also point out differences between thrombocytes in fish and platelets in mammals. The paper further highlights the level of thrombocytes’ immune activity observed in fish and based on an increased proportion of these cells in response to antigenic stimulation, on morphological shifts towards forms characteristic of dendritic cells after antigenic stimulation and on the presence of surface structures and cytokines released through, inter alia, gene expression of TLR receptors, MHC class II protein-coding genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The study also points out the need to recognise thrombocytes in Osteichthyes as specialised immune cells conditioning non-specific immune mechanisms and playing an important role in affecting adaptive immune mechanisms.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Characterisation of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes Texto completo
2019
Stosik, Michał | Tokarz-Deptuła, Beata | Deptuła, Wiesław
Thrombocytes in vertebrates other than mammals, inter alia in fish, are analogues of platelets in mammals. In Osteichthyes, these cells take part in haemostatic processes, including aggregation and release reactions in cases of blood vessel damage, and in the immune response development as well. This paper discusses the development of thrombocytes in Osteichthyes, taking into account the need to make changes to the concept of grouping progenitor cells as suggested in the literature. The following pages present the morphological and cytochemical properties of thrombocytes as well as their defence functions, and also point out differences between thrombocytes in fish and platelets in mammals. The paper further highlights the level of thrombocytes’ immune activity observed in fish and based on an increased proportion of these cells in response to antigenic stimulation, on morphological shifts towards forms characteristic of dendritic cells after antigenic stimulation and on the presence of surface structures and cytokines released through, inter alia, gene expression of TLR receptors, MHC class II protein-coding genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The study also points out the need to recognise thrombocytes in Osteichthyes as specialised immune cells conditioning non-specific immune mechanisms and playing an important role in affecting adaptive immune mechanisms.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Pathological changes in natural infection of pheasants with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) in Bulgaria Texto completo
2019
Stoimenov Georgi M. | Goujgoulova Gabriela V. | Nikolov Branimir | Hristov Kalin | Teneva Atanaska
Pathological changes in natural infection of pheasants with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) in Bulgaria Texto completo
2019
Stoimenov Georgi M. | Goujgoulova Gabriela V. | Nikolov Branimir | Hristov Kalin | Teneva Atanaska
The study of histopathological changes caused by influenza A (H5N8) viral infection in bird species is essential for the understanding of their role in the spread of this highly infectious virus. However, there are few such studies under natural conditions in minor gallinaceous species. This article describes the pathomorphological findings in Colchis pheasants infected naturally with H5N8 during an epizootic outbreak in Bulgaria.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Pathological changes in natural infection of pheasants with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) in Bulgaria Texto completo
2019
Stoimenov, Georgi M. | Goujgoulova, Gabriela V. | Nikolov, Branimir | Hristov, Kalin | Teneva, Atanaska
The study of histopathological changes caused by influenza A (H5N8) viral infection in bird species is essential for the understanding of their role in the spread of this highly infectious virus. However, there are few such studies under natural conditions in minor gallinaceous species. This article describes the pathomorphological findings in Colchis pheasants infected naturally with H5N8 during an epizootic outbreak in Bulgaria. Samples of internal organs of 10 carcasses were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation, virus isolation and identification, and nucleic acid detection. Consistent macroscopic findings were lesions affecting the intestine, heart, lung, and pancreas. Congestion and mononuclear infiltrate were common findings in the small intestine, as were necrosis and lymphoid clusters in the lamina propria of the caeca. Congestion with small focal necrosis and gliosis with multifocal nonpurulent encephalitis were observed in the brain. Myocardial interstitial oedema and degenerative necrobiotic processes were also detected. Immunohistological analysis confirmed systemic infection and revealed influenza virus nucleoprotein in all analysed organs. Variable necrosis was observed in the brain, liver, trachea, heart, small intestine, and caeca. Viral antigen was commonly found in the brain, heart, lung and trachea. Contact with migrating waterfowls was suspected as a reason for the outbreak.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in captive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) mating naturally or subjected to artificial insemination in Japan Texto completo
2019
Yatu Minoru | Sato Mitsuhiro | Kobayashi Jin | Ichijyo Toshihiro | Satoh Hiroshi | Oikawa Toshinori | Sato Shigeru
Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in captive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) mating naturally or subjected to artificial insemination in Japan Texto completo
2019
Yatu Minoru | Sato Mitsuhiro | Kobayashi Jin | Ichijyo Toshihiro | Satoh Hiroshi | Oikawa Toshinori | Sato Shigeru
Introduction: Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in red foxes which mated naturally or were subjected to artificial insemination were retrospectively surveyed using 130 vixens during their reproductive seasons of 2012–2017 in Japan. Material and Methods: Natural mating vixens were encouraged a maximum of three times with the same male, while artificial insemination was conducted using frozen-thawed semen with the bovine semen extender as a diluent. Results: With natural mating, conception rates after one, two, and three copulations were 55.8%, 68.0%, and 85.7%, respectively, showing a significant difference between the rates for one and three copulations. Conception rates with artificial insemination were 82.4%. Mean gestation periods were between 52.1 and 53.3 days in all groups. Mean litter sizes were 3.7–4.3 cubs with natural mating, and 4.4 cubs with artificial insemination. Although some sporadic and inconsistent changes in litter sizes were noted between primiparous and multiparous groups, these were of doubtful clinical importance. Conclusion: This is the first report from Japan concerning basic breeding events of red fox vixens in captivity.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in captive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) mating naturally or subjected to artificial insemination in Japan Texto completo
2019
Yatu, Minoru | Satō, Mitsuhiro | Kobayashi, Jin | Ichijyo, Toshihiro | Satoh, Hiroshi | Oikawa, Toshinori | Sato, Shigeru
Introduction: Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in red foxes which mated naturally or were subjected to artificial insemination were retrospectively surveyed using 130 vixens during their reproductive seasons of 2012–2017 in Japan. Material and Methods: Natural mating vixens were encouraged a maximum of three times with the same male, while artificial insemination was conducted using frozen-thawed semen with the bovine semen extender as a diluent. Results: With natural mating, conception rates after one, two, and three copulations were 55.8%, 68.0%, and 85.7%, respectively, showing a significant difference between the rates for one and three copulations. Conception rates with artificial insemination were 82.4%. Mean gestation periods were between 52.1 and 53.3 days in all groups. Mean litter sizes were 3.7–4.3 cubs with natural mating, and 4.4 cubs with artificial insemination. Although some sporadic and inconsistent changes in litter sizes were noted between primiparous and multiparous groups, these were of doubtful clinical importance. Conclusion: This is the first report from Japan concerning basic breeding events of red fox vixens in captivity.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Pathomorphological studies on wild boars infected with Metastrongylus spp., Ascarops strongylina, and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus Texto completo
2019
Panayotova-Pencheva Mariana | Todorova Katerina | Dakova Vassilena
Introduction: Pathomorphological changes in the lungs, stomach, and small intestines of wild boars infected with Metastrongylus spp., Ascarops strongylina, and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus were investigated. Material and Methods: Dissection of 11 wild boars was performed, and parasitised organs were histologically investigated by common techniques. Results: Macroscopic lesions in the lungs infected with Metastrongyus spp. were seen within the apical parts of the large lobes, irregular in form, pale greyish in colour, and compact in consistency. The main pathohistological findings were: the presence of parasite forms, and lymphocytes and neutrophils in the lumen of bronchi and bronchioles, desquamation of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, emphysema, thickening of alveolar septa, hyperaemia, alveolitis, infiltration of the interstitial tissue with giant cell, monocytes and eosinophils, and peribronchial and disseminated lymphoid hyperplasia. The principal observations accompanying infection with A. strongylina were inflammation and focal mucosal damage in the stomach, the latter clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissues. Severe injuries in the place of attachment of M. hirudinaceus to the wall of the small intestine were seen. Intestinal villi, underlying mucosa, and submucosa were destroyed, and an intense inflammatory reaction was present. Conclusion: The histopathological lesions showed wide diversity, varying from mild to severe; but none of them were lethal.
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