The results of 39-year large-scale work on apple breeding for the improvement of fruit biochemical composition are discussed. The character of the inheritance of the content of sugar, titrate acids, ascorbic acid and P-active substances in fruit is shown. The brief descriptions of the new varieties with good flavor and harmonic combination of sugar and acidity are given. The prospects of the trend are shown.

When studying period of maturation after harvest, varietal specificity of level of winter wheat seed maturation process reaction on hydrothermical factors has been revealed. This trait should been taken into consideration when deciding practical problems in respect to rational variety-regionizing as well as to development of seed technology based on biological peculiarities.

Water-soluble carbohydrates, cytokinins, ABA, salicylic acid and microelements content's dynamics in wintering underground organs of P.alba and G.nivalis were studied. Correlation between substance's level and air temperature, ground freezing depth, snow layer thickness fluctuations was determined. The role of phytohormons and free sugars in adaptive potential realization are discussed.

In given article the historical way of development of selection of sugar beet at the Ivanivska research-selection station is opened. For 100 years of selection work at station by scientific employees are created and introduced into manufacture over 20 grades of sugar beet.

The author presents the characteristies of the best stone fruit crops cultivars of the Donets’k breeding which are high adapted to the climatic conditions of the Donbass and Ukrasne’s northern regions and have marketable fruits.

Giving regard to the main elements of Winter Wheat varieties assessment when selecting frost resistant plants and taking into account genetic potential of the parents, date of hybrids sowing and their assessment by the speed of spring vegetation, it is possible in the sense of successful breeding to derive the most steady genotypes by the specified characteristics starting from F1. hybrids.

Investigational development of modern treater seed of agricultural cultures status. The analysis of efficiency of work control the system modem treater seed is conducted. The ground of creation of cont rol the system by the concerted serve working liquid (liquid poison) and seed is conducted in the working area of treate.

У роботі розглядається рівень теплозабезпечення періоду початку вегетації у різних сортів обліпихи крушиновидної в умовах середньої полоси Росії.

The article highlights an influence of different seed rates upon the seed spring wheat variety yield and propagation coefficient. The economic efficiency of the decrease of seed rates in seed-breeding plots is substantiated.

It is explained the essence of the formation of seed production of lettuce Lactuca sativa var. secalina L. depending on the form of the inflorescence habitus, which formed during the different areas of plant nutrition. It is substantiated the mechanism of seed formation on different parts of the inflorescence of female plant with identification of it’s sowing quality. It is developed the agrotehnologcal measures aimed at improving the productivity of lettuce seed by overcoming its matrical heteroquality