[Departement_IRSTEA]EEE [TR1_IRSTEA]E33-Maîtrise et gestion des déchets | International audience | It is well-known that heavy metals brought by intensive pig slurry applications accumulate in the soil ; because of their potential impact on the environment, studying their behaviour is of utmost interest. The Solepur process has been developed in Brittany (France) where pig farming causes serious environmental problems ; it enables the soil to be used as a treatment medium to process pig slurry. Numerous pig slurry applications were performed from 1991 to 1995 on an experimental hydrologically-isolated field specially equipped to recover all the leachate. These applications approximately corresponded to the amount which might have been spread over one century. The Solepur process can be considered as a simulation model for what happens to metals in pig slurry under normal field conditions over a long period of time. This work measured the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Fe, Cd in pig slurry, in soil and in drainage water, and the results are discussed. Total concentrations and specification data within the three different compartments were analysed and showed that Cu and Zn accumulate in the surface layer, whereas other metals, such as Mn and Co, dissolve and are washed away in the leachate. The increase in the bioavailability and toxicity of these metals as well as their impact on the environment are discussed. | Il est bien connu que les métaux-lourds apportés par des épandages intensifs de lisier de porc s'accumulent dans le sol ; l'étude de leur comportement est donc de la plus haute importance étant donné leur impact potentiel sur l'environnement. Le procédé Solépur a été développé en Bretagne (France), où l'élevage porcin engendre de sérieux problèmes environnementaux ; ce procédé utilise le sol comme un intermédiaire épuratif dans le traitement du lisier de porc. Des épandages répétés de lisier, correspondant approximativement à un siècle d'épandage, ont été réalisés de 1991 à 1995 sur un champ expérimental isolé et équipé de façon à récolter totalement l'eau de drainage. Cette étude est consacrée à la mesure des concentrations de Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Fe et Cd dans le lisier de porc, le sol et l'eau de drainage. Les concentrations totales et celles résultant de la spéciation chimique sont analysées dans ces trois compartiments et permettent de montrer que certains métaux (Cu et Zn) s'accumulent dans la couche de surface, alors que d'autres (Co et Mn) sont lessivés. L'accroissement de leur toxicité et de leur biodisponibilité ainsi que leur impact sur l'environnement sont également discutés.

International audience

International audience

The paper provides a report on the quality of water of the Kolubara river and its tributaries, the Ljig and the Pestan, for the period 1992-1996, on the basis of results obtained in the course of regular examinations carried out by the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia (Yugoslavia). The examination of the waters of the Kolubara river region is significant in view of the vinicity of developed industry, since the wastewater of such an industry represents a potential pollutant of the adjacent rivers. The paper also provides a separate review of the heavy metals contents of the examined rivers. The obtained results indicate to periodical deviations of the water from the required quality, that represents, without any doubt, the pollution of anthropogenic origin.

Thermal stratification is regularly found in deep lakes, while shallow water bodies remain usually mixed. Despite comparative shallowness, Sava lake (artificial lake), Serbia (Yugoslavia) exibit a prolonged summer stable stratification. Temperature differences between epilimnion and hypolimnion can reach 10 deg C. The steep gradients of up to 3.5 deg C/meter recorded in the metalimnion. The highest differences during a single typical summer day was 1.7 deg C between 0.2 and 0.5 m. Maximum annual thermal accumulation was 112440 J/square cm in 1996.

Drainage of industrial and communal effluents, directly into the water flow, as many hydrotechnical activities, significantly influence the schedule and balance of the processes that take place into water. In this paper, there are represented the results of systematic control of the water quality of the Danube river and DTD (Danube-Tisza-Danube) channel on the parts Vrbas-Bezdan and Becej-Bogojevo, at the control station network of the Republic Weather Bureau (the Republic of Serbia), for the period of 1991-1996. The results show that the most adverse influence of anthropogenic factor is on the part of the flow of the DTD (Danube-Tisza-Danube) channel from Vrbas to the flow into Tisza river.

Over the last several years, the investigations of the natural zeolites application in the sorption processes have been intensified. Purification of waste waters in order to remove lead, cadmium, copper and other heavy metals, is one significant example of such application. In this paper, the investigations results on characteristics of the natural and chemically activated zeolites from the region of Vranje (Serbia, Yugoslavia), are presented. The experiments with zeolites were performed after determination of their physico-chemical characteristics. Adsorptive characteristics were investigated under laboratory conditions, in a liquid medium, depending on granulation and concentration of the heavy metals. As the obtained results show, these natural materials can be used to remove heavy metals from the waste waters.

Perch (Perca fluviatilis) suitability as a water indicator was studied in field and laboratory investigations. It was found out that hematological status of this fish species was a valuable indicator of both temporary and periodical deterioration of dissolved oxygen saturation and can be used as reliable test for water quality evaluation. The anlyzed hematological parametrs were tested for their sensitivity and reliability as indicators of water quality changes. Values of different parameters were given for perch kept under optimal and unfavourable conditions of water oxygen saturation.

The aim of this paper is to survey and point to the critical parts of this typically valley river in the chosen period of time, which is, because of its low flow, small turbulence and exceptional social and industrial significance, very susceptible to ecological catastrophes. This paper contains the elaborated state of water quality in Yugoslav part of the river Tisza, during two periods of observation, with usual (1988-1991) and specific (1992-1995) river ecosystem exposure to pollutants. The average annual data of concentration for characteristic parameters in the monitoring stations were compared with method of multiobjective iterative compromise optimalization (MICO) of the influence that different categories of polluters have on the river ecosystem. On the basis of analyzed concentrations of selected parameters and results obtained with method of MICO, it is possible to conclude that the improvement in quality of Yugoslav part of the river Tisza has occurred during the period of 1992-1995.

There were estimated of water quality of the river Banja and its trubutary Pocibrava, Serbia (Yugoslavia), during the period 1991-1994 by seasonal investigations of benthos fauna composition as bioindicators. The results have shown higher diversity of the Pocibrava bottom fauna community (66 taxa) than in the river Banja (53 taxa) where it was more uniform. Both water flows were receiving some organic loading and by the use of macrobenthos indicator organisms it was concluded that they belong to beta-mesosaprobic water quality class.