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Developing climatic scenarios for pesticide fate modelling in Europe Texto completo
2008
Blenkinsop, S. | Fowler, H. J. | Dubus, Igor G. | Nolan, Bernard T. | Hollis, J. M. | Water Resource Systems Research Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences ; Newcastle University [Newcastle] | Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) | LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies (LE STUDIUM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | National Soil Resources Institute ; Cranfield University
International audience | A climatic classification for Europe suitable for pesticide fate modelling was constructed using a 3-stage process involving the identification of key climatic variables, the extraction of the dominant modes of spatial variability in those variables and the use of k-means clustering to identify regions with similar climates. The procedure identified 16 coherent zones that reflect the variability of climate across Europe whilst maintaining a manageable number of zones for subsequent modelling studies. An analysis of basic climatic parameters for each zone demonstrates the success of the scheme in identifying distinct climatic regions. Objective criteria were used to identify one representative 26-year daily meteorological series from a European dataset for each zone. The representativeness of each series was then verified against the zonal classifications. These new FOOTPRINT climate zones provide a state-of-the-art objective classification of European climate complete with representative daily data that are suitable for use in pesticide fate modelling.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Neurobehavioural toxicity of a chronic exposure to the airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluorene in adult wistar male rats: a preliminary study about the effects of a 28 day administration using the intraperitoneal or the oral way Texto completo
2008
Rychen, Guido | Schroeder, Henri
Analytical Measurement and Levelsof Dioxins and PCBs in Biological Samples Texto completo
2008
Focant, Jean-François | Eppe, Gauthier | De Pauw, Edwin
Effect of vegetation type on throughfall deposition and seepage flux. Texto completo
2008
de Schrijver, A. | Staelens, J. | Wuyts, K. | van Hoydonck, G. | Janssen, N. | Mertens, J. | Gielis, L. | Geudens, G. | Augusto, Laurent | Verheyen, Kris | Laboratory of Forestry ; Universiteit Gent = Ghent University = Université de Gand (UGENT) | Haskoning Belgium BVBA ; Partenaires INRAE | Natuurpunt | Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés (TCEM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)
International audience | This paper compares different vegetation types (coniferous and deciduous forest, grassed and pure heathland) in terms of input (throughfall deposition) and output (seepage flux) in a region with intermediate nitrogen load (+/-20 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) via bulk precipitation) in comparable conditions in north Belgium. Coniferous forest (two plots Pinus sylvestris and two plots Pinus nigra) received significantly higher nitrogen and sulphur throughfall deposition than deciduous forest and heathland. Grassed and pure heathland had significantly highest throughfall quantities of Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively. The observed differences in throughfall deposition between the different vegetation types were not univocally reflected in the ion seepage flux. Considerable seepage fluxes of NO3-, SO42-, Ca2+ and Al(III) were only found under the P. nigra plots. We discuss our hypothesis that the P. nigra forests already evolved to a situation of N saturation, while the other vegetation types did not. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Remediation of copper-contaminated topsoils from a wood treatment facility using in situ stabilisation Texto completo
2008
Bes, Clémence | Mench, Michel | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
International audience | Five organic matters, three phosphate compounds, zerovalent iron grit (ZVIG, 2% by soil weight), two alkaline compounds, and two commercial formulations were incorporated, singly and some combined with ZVIG, into a highly Cu-contaminated topsoil (Soil P7, 2600 mg Cu kg−1) from a wood treatment facility. Formulations and two composts were also singly incorporated into a slightly Cu-contaminated topsoil (Soil P10, 118 mg Cu kg−1) from the facility surrounding. This aimed to reduce the labile pool of Cu and its accumulation in beans cultivated on potted soils in a climatic chamber. Lowest Cu concentration in soil solution occurred in P7 soils amended with activated carbon (5%) and ZVIG, singly and combined. Basic slag (3.9%) and compost of sewage sludge (5%) combined with ZVIG promoted shoot production and limited foliar Cu accumulation. For amended P10 soils, no changes occurred in soil solution and foliar Cu concentrations, but one compost increased shoot production. Three soil amendments, iron grit with compost, calcium oxide, and basic slags, decreased the phytotoxicity of a Cu-contaminated soil.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Brain and behaviour toxicity of airborn pollutants Texto completo
2008
Schroeder, Henri
Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the thyroid function of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the Aegean Sea, is it an endocrine disruption? Texto completo
2008
Schnitzler, Joseph | Koutrarkis, Emmanuil | Siebert, Ursula | Thomé, Jean-Pierre | Das, Krishna
Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the thyroid function of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the Aegean Sea, is it an endocrine disruption? Texto completo
2008
Schnitzler, Joseph | Koutrarkis, Emmanuil | Siebert, Ursula | Thomé, Jean-Pierre | Das, Krishna
peer reviewed | We evaluated the alterations of organochlorinated compounds such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) on the thyroid in wild and cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at environmental concentrations. These compounds influence the endocrine system of many fish species and are qualified as endocrine disruptors. The thyroid seems to be a target organ. Two alteration endpoints: the thyroid histology and the muscular thyroid hormone concentrations, were used simultaneously. High concentrations in PCBs and DDT were detected in muscles, supporting the idea that the Mediterranean fauna could be more polluted than the Atlantic fauna. The high abundance of DDE indicates a progressive degradation of remnant DDT load and the absence of new inputs in this area. Aquaculture sea bass shows a significant higher amount of pollutants on fresh weight basis (especially PCBs) in their muscles compared to the wild sea bass. Those differences may be related mainly to the contaminations of diet. Thyroid parameters vary between wild and aquaculture sea bass, wild sea bass were characterized by higher follicle diameters, epithelial cell heights and muscular T4 concentrations. A significant relationship between persistent organic pollutants (muscular PCBs and DDT concentration) and the different thyroid parameters (diameters of follicles, epithelial cell heights and muscular T4 levels) could be observed, which support the hypothesis that these compounds have an adverse impact on thyroid morphometry and function.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the thyroid function of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the Aegean Sea, is it an endocrine disruption? Texto completo
2008
Schnitzler, Joseph | Koutrarkis, Emmanuil | Siebert, Ursula | Thomé, Jean-Pierre | Das, Krishna
Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (Communauté française de Belgique) - FRIA | We evaluated the alterations of organochlorinated compounds such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE) and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) on the thyroid in wild and cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at environmental concentrations. These compounds influence the endocrine system of many fish species and are qualified as endocrine disruptors. The thyroid seems to be a target organ. Two alteration endpoints: the thyroid histology and the muscular thyroid hormone concentrations, were used simultaneously.High concentrations in PCBs and DDT were detected in muscles, supporting the idea that the Mediterranean fauna could be more polluted than the Atlantic fauna. The high abundance of DDE indicates a progressive degradation of remnant DDT load and the absence of new inputs in this area. Aquaculture sea bass shows a significant higher amount of pollutants on fresh weight basis (especially PCBs) in their muscles compared to the wild sea bass. Those differences may be related mainly to the contaminations of diet.Thyroid parameters vary between wild and aquaculture sea bass, wild sea bass were characterized by higher follicle diameters, epithelial cell heights and muscular T4 concentrations. A significant relationship between persistent organic pollutants (muscular PCBs and DDT concentration) and the different thyroid parameters (diameters of follicles, epithelial cell heights and muscular T4 levels) could be observed, which support the hypothesis that these compounds have an adverse impact on thyroid morphometry and function.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Long term survey of heavy metal pollution, biofilm contamination and diatom community structure in the Riou-Mort watershed, South West France | Pollution des eaux par les métaux lourds, contamination du biofilm et effets sur la structure des communautés de diatomées : Suivi long terme du bassin versant du Riou-Mort, SO France Texto completo
2008
Morin, Soizic | Duong, T.T. | Dabrin, A. | Coynel, A. | Herlory, O. | Baudrimont, M. | Delmas, François | Durrieu, G. | Schäfer, J. | Winterton, P. | Blanc, G. | Coste, Michel | Réseaux épuration et qualité des eaux (UR REBX) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)
[Departement_IRSTEA]MA [TR1_IRSTEA]QSA / DYNAQ | International audience | In a metal-polluted stream in the Riou Mort watershed in SW France, periphytic biofilm was analyzed for diatom cell densities and taxonomic composition, dry weight and metal bio-accumulation (cadmium and zinc). Periphytic diatom communities were affected by the metal but displayed induced tolerance, seen through structural impact (dominance of small, adnate species) as well as morphological abnormalities particularly in the genera Ulnaria and Fragilaria. Species assemblages were characterized by taxa known to occur in metal-polluted environments, and shifts in the community structure expressed seasonal patterns: high numbers of Eolimna minima, Nitzschia palea and Pinnularia parvulissima were recorded in Summer and Autumn, whereas the species Surirella brebissonii, Achnanthidium minutissimum, Navicula lanceolata and Surirella angusta were dominant in Winter and Spring. Commonly used indices such as the Shannon diversity index and Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index reflected the level of pollution and suggest seasonal periodicity, the lowest diversities being observed in Summer.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Speciation of zinc in contaminated soils Texto completo
2008
Stephan, Chadi H. | Courchesne, François | Hendershot, William H. | Mcgrath, Steve P. | Chaudri, Amar M. | Sappin-Didier, Valerie, V. | Sauvé, Sébastien | Department of Chemistry ; Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul 04310, Korea. | Department of Geography ; Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL) | Department of Natural Resource Sciences ; Thompson Rivers University (TRU) | Rothamsted Research ; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) | Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés (TCEM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)
International audience | The chemical speciation of zinc in soil solutions is critical to the understanding of its bioavailability and potential toxic effects. We studied the speciation of Zn in soil solution extracts from 66 contaminated soils representative of a wide range of field conditions in both North America and Europe. Within this dataset, we evaluated the links among the dissolved concentrations of zinc and the speciation of Zn2+, Soil solution pH, total soil Zn, dissolved organic matter (DOM), soil organic matter (SOM) and the concentrations of different inorganic anions. The solid-liquid partitioning coefficient (K-d) for Zn ranged from 17 to 13, 100 L kg(-1) soil. The fraction of dissolved Zn bound to DOM varied from 60% to 98% and the soil solution free Zn2+ varied from 40% to 60% of the labile Zn. Multiple regression equations to predict free Zn2+, dissolved Zn and the solid-liquid partitioning of Zn are given for potential use in environmental fate modeling and risk assessment. The multiple regressions also highlight some of the most important soil properties controlling the solubility and chemical speciation of zinc in contaminated soils. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Influence of organic amendments on diuron leaching through an acidic and a calcareous vineyard soil using undisturbed lysimeters. Texto completo
2008
Thevenot, Mathieu | Dousset, Sylvie | Rousseaux, S. | Andreux, Francis | Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement (MSE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB) | Biogéosciences [UMR 5561] [Dijon] ; Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de Recherche en Vigne et Vin (REVV) ; Université de Bourgogne (UB) | PhD grant from the Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de la Recherche et de la Technologie.
9 pages | International audience | The influence of different organic amendments on diuron leaching was studied through undisturbed vineyard soil columns. Two composts (A and D), the second at two stages of maturity, and two soils (VR and Bj) were sampled. After 1 year, the amount of residues (diuron þ metabolites) in the leachates of the VR soil (0.19e0.71%) was lower than in the Bj soil (4.27e8.23%), which could be explained by stronger diuron adsorption on VR. An increase in the amount of diuron leached through the amended soil columns, compared to the blank, was observed for the Bj soil only. This result may be explained by the formation of mobile complexes between diuron and water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) through the Bj soil, or by competition between diuron and WEOM for the adsorption sites in the soil. For both soils, the nature of the composts and their degree of maturity did not significantly influence diuron leaching.
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