This study focuses on determination of quantity, shape, size and polymer types of microplastics in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) cultured in Danang Bay, Vietnam. Visual verification and chemical identification of microplastics was carried out by μFT-IR spectra using Nicolet iN10 MX Infrared Imaging Microscope. The average abundance of microplastic in oysters was 1.88 ± 1.58 particles/g (wet weight) and 18.54 ± 10.08 particles/individual. The prevalent shape of microplastics included three main forms as fragment, fiber and bead corresponding to 73.71; 25.84 and 0.45%, respectively. Additionally, the size of microplastics was a range of 22.4–1318.8 μm, and the most common size was less than 100 μm, accounted for 77.30%. Fifteen polymer types were detected while Nylon was the most abundant polymer type with 50.56%. In this study, microplastics accumulation with their abundance and polymeric structures could be considered as reliable evidence for further studies on assessment of their potential risk to human health.

The use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS, aka drones) has shown to be feasible to perform marine litter surveys. We operationally tested the use of multispectral images (5 bands) to classify litter type and material on a beach-dune system. For litter categorization by their multispectral characteristics, the Spectral Angle Mapping (SAM) technique was adopted. The SAM-based categorization of litter agreed with the visual classification, thus multispectral images can be used to fasten and/or making more robust the manual RGB image screening. Fully automated detection returned an F-score of 0.64, and a reasonable categorization of litter. Overall, the image-based litter density maps were in line with the manual detection. Assessments were promising given the complexity of the study area, where different dunes plants and partially-buried items challenged the UAS-based litter detection. The method can be easily implemented for both floating and beached litter, to advance litter survey in the environment.

The Black Sea is unfortunately globally established as a highly polluted sea, with contaminants from various sources polluting its marine sediments. This study aimed at analyzing heavy metal resistance levels by heterotrophic bacteria colonizing marine sediments across Black Sea shores within Turkey. Twenty-nine bacterial samples from marine sediments were investigated through exposure to sixteen heavy metal salts using the microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for bacterial colonies within such marine sediment samples ranged from <0.97 mM/L to >1000 mM/L. Trough and peak minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined at <0.17 mg/mL and > 331 mg/mL. Peak tolerated and peak toxic heavy metals were identified as iron and cadmium, respectively. Resistance ratios were also obtained in this study. Bacillus wiedmannii was identified as the most resistant bacterial population when exposed to heavy metal salts. This study shows occurrence of heavy metal resistant bacteria within Black Sea sediments.

We present the occurrence of seafloor litter on the coast of Africa and in the Bay of Bengal based on records from the EAF-NANSEN Programme in 2011 to 2020. Litter bycatch records from 534 bottom trawls were standardized to km² before analysis. Three percent of the records indicated areas of high littering and the highest densities occurred from 100 to 300 m in depth and 50 to 100 km from the coast. Littering was lower in the Indian Ocean compared to Atlantic Africa. Plastic objects and fishing gear dominated the recorded items (47 % and 22 % respectively) but, regional differences were pronounced. Plastic dominated North Atlantic and East African records (58 % and 80 % respectively) and fishing gear dominated (69 %) in South Atlantic Africa while records from the Bay of Bengal were a mix of categories. The relation between littering and population density, marine industry, major cities, and rivers is discussed.

Sedimentary organic pollution in the urban reaches of the Thames estuary is changing from fossil fuel hydrocarbons to emerging synthetic chemicals. De-industrialisation of London was assessed in three cores from Chiswick (Ait/Eyot) mud island using pharmaceuticals, faecal sterols, hydrocarbons (TPH, PAH), Black Carbon (BC) and organotins (TBT). These ranked in the order; BC 7590-30219 mg/kg, mean 16,000 mg/kg > TPH 770–4301, mean 1316 mg/kg > Σ¹⁶PAH 6.93–107.64, mean 36.46 mg/kg > coprostanol 0.0091–0.42 mg/kg, mean of 0.146 mg/kg > pharmaceuticals 2.4–84.8 μg/kg, mean 25 μg/kg. Hydrocarbons co-varied down-profile revealing rise (1940s), peak (1950s -1960s) and fall (1980s) and an overall 3 to 25-fold decrease. In contrast, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen, paracetamol) and hormone (17β-estradiol) increased 3 to 50-fold toward surface paralleling increasing use (1970s-2018). The anti-epileptics, carbamazepine and epoxcarbamazepine showed appreciable down-core mobility. Faecal sterols confirmed non-systematic incorporation of treated sewage. Comparison to UK sediment quality guidelines indicate exceedance of AL2 for PAH whereas TBT was below AL1.

Microplastics (MP) are a pervasive environmental pollutant that enter coastal water bodies, posing an ingestion risk to marine biota. This study quantified the ability of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) to egest MP in-situ in their biodeposits - feces and pseudofeces. Oysters of all sizes were able to egest environmental MP at a mean rate of 1 MP per 1 h through feces, and 1 MP per 2 h through pseudofeces. Smaller C. virginica were more efficient at egesting MP, and efficiency decreased by 0.8% per 1-g increase in tissue weight, with C. virginica of harvestable size being much less efficient. These findings are of relevance to resource managers for C. virginica populations as it further contributes to our understanding of MP accumulation in wild populations and has implications for not just C. virginica but also for their consumers.

Various oil spill cleanup sorbents have good hydrophobicity and oil separation efficiency, but their practical use has been limited due to the difficult and costly fabrication procedure. The research aims towards material development using the consumption of lignocellulosic agricultural residue for isolating cellulose nanofiber and its forward use to construct a 3D porous structure. A simple freeze-drying technique was used to assemble low-density porous structure. The biodegradable polylactic acid coating was used to alter the wettability from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and the maximum water contact angle value was around 120°. The prepared coated samples were testified for a series of oil/organic solvents-water mixtures. The sorption capacity was in the range of 28–70 g/g. The prepared aerogels were efficiently reused for at least 10 cycles. Developed material was used in continuous oil-water separation to remove oil from the water's surface. The cost analysis was estimated for scaleup production in the future.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the main persistent organic pollutants in the Arcticwhich enter the polar region from lower latitudes by air transport and ocean currents and accumulate in marine sediments. This work represents the first study in 25 years of the least studied and hard-to-reach areas of Siberian arctic seas. Sixteen priority PAHs as well as 1- and 2-methylnaphthalenes were analyzed by gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry in the twenty-four sediment samples taken from Kara, Laptev and East Siberian Seas in October 2020. The obtained sum concentrations ranged from 31 to 223 ng/ g with the greatest contribution of phenanthrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, as well as naphthalene and its methyl derivatives while the greatest PAH levels were observed in Laptev Sea. No correlations between sum PAH concentration, total organic carbon and black carbon contents were found. The toxic equivalent in benzo[a]pyrene units was from 2.2–18.2 ng/ g that shows the general safe environmental situation in the region. The overall PAH level is comparable with the data obtained in 1990s which indicates a long-term persistence of pollution despite an overall decline in global PAH emissions. The main sources of PAHs involve mainly coal/biomass and liquid fuel combustion with weaker contribution of petroleum sources.

An abundance of microplastics particles (0.2–5 mm, MPs) in bottom sediments is analyzed based on 53 samples (3 to 215 m deep) obtained in 8 cruises of research vessels across the Baltic Sea Proper in March–October 2015–2016. MPs content varied between stations from 103 up to 10,179 items kg⁻¹ d.w., with the bulk mean of 863 ± 1371 items kg⁻¹ d.w., showing a statistically significant increase with water depth. As many as 74.5% of MPs are of fibrous shape, followed by films (19.8%) and fragments (5.7%). The distributions of fibres, fragments, films, and different types of natural bottom sediments are significantly different, highlighting the specific behaviour of each of these kinds of bottom deposits. A statistically significant correlation between water depth and fibres content is found. Based on the analysis of oceanographic factors and sedimentological principles, an erosion/transition/accumulation pattern for fibres in the Baltic Sea Proper is outlined. Fibres can be considered as a specific type of “synthetic sediment”, while principles of distribution of other MPs are not yet certain.

The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most studied regions in the world in terms of microplastic (MP) contamination. However, only a few studies have analysed the chemical composition of MPs at the Mediterranean Sea surface. In this context, this study aims to describe the chemical composition as a function of particle size, mass and number concentrations of MPs collected in the surface waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The chemical composition showed a certain homogeneity at the Mediterranean Sea scale. The main polymers identified by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy were poly(ethylene) (67.3 ± 2.4%), poly(propylene) (20.8 ± 2.1%) and poly(styrene) (3.0 ± 0.9%). Nevertheless, discrepancies, confirmed by the literature, were observed at a mesoscale level. Thus, in the North Tyrrhenian Sea, the proportion of poly(ethylene) was significantly lower than the average value of the Mediterranean Sea (57.9 ± 10.5%). Anthropic sources, rivers, or polymer ageing are assumed to be responsible for the variations observed.