Refinar búsqueda
Resultados 21-30 de 760
Impact of input data on biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory. Application to the natural park of Bertiz – North of Spain
2009
Simon, Valérie | Santamaria, J.M. | Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques (ENSIACET) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV) | Mediterranean Scientific Association of Environmental Protection (MESAEP). DEU.
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Mosses as bioindicators of temporal variations of air quality inside Bertiz Natural Park, Navarra, Northern Spain
2009
Sablayrolles, Caroline, | Simon, Valérie | Foan, Louise | Santamaria, Jesus Miguel
Impact of input data on biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory. Application to the natural park of Bertiz – North of Spain
2009
Simon, Valérie | Santamaria, J.M.
Mechanistic effect models for ecological risk assessment of chemicals (MEMoRisk)-a new SETAC-Europe Advisory Group
2009
Preuss, Thomas | Hommen, Udo | Alix, Anne | Ashauer, Roman | van den Brink, Paul | Chapman, Peter | Ducrot, Virginie | Forbes, Valery | Grimm, Volker | Schäfer, Dieter | Streissl, Franz | Thorbeck, Pernille | Institute for Environmental Research ; Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH) | Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) | Direction du Végétal et de l'Environnement ; Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments | Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology | Alterra ; Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Unilever-Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre ; Unilever | Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST | Center for Integrated Population Ecology ; Roskilde University | Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) | Environmental Safety ; Bayer Cropscience | Pesticide Risk Assessment Peer Review ; European Food Safety Authority = Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments | Environmental Safety, Jealott's Hill ; Syngenta
Mechanistic effect models for ecological risk assessment of chemicals (MEMoRisk)-a new SETAC-Europe Advisory Group
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Chelating agent-assisted electrokinetic removal of cadmium, lead and copper from contaminated soils
2009
Giannis, Apostolos | Nikolaou, Aris | Pentari, Despina | Gidarakos, Evangelos
An integrated experimental program was conducted to remove Cd, Pb and Cu from contaminated soil. The chelate agents nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) were used as washing solutions under different pH conditions and concentrations. Results showed that the extraction efficiency for Cd in decreasing order was NTA > EGTA > DTPA, while for Pb and Cu it was DTPA > NTA > EGTA. The use of higher chelate concentrations did not necessarily result in greater extraction efficiency. Electrokinetic remediation was applied by conditioning anolyte–catholyte pH to neutral values in order to avoid any potential alterations to the physicochemical soil properties. The removal efficiency for Cd was 65–95%, for Cu 15–60%, but for Pb was less than 20%. The phytotoxicity of the treated soil showed that the soil samples from the anode section were less phytotoxic than the untreated soil, but the phytotoxicity was increased in the samples from the cathode section. Cadmium, lead and copper were extracted from contaminated soil by integrated electrokinetic and soil washing studies.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Investigations into a novel method for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon monitoring
2009
Forbes, Patricia B.C. | Rohwer, Egmont R.
A novel analytical method for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was developed based on laser induced fluorescence (LIF) of samples on quartz multi-channel polydimethylsiloxane traps. A tunable dye laser with a frequency doubling crystal provided the excitation radiation, and a double monochromator with a photomultiplier tube detected emitted fluorescence. The method allowed for the rapid (<5 min), cost effective analysis of samples. Those yielding interesting results could be further analysed by direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS, with limits of detection of 0.3 ng m⁻³), as photodegradation was minimal (<10% over 5 min irradiation). Small amounts of naphthalene photodegradation products identified by TD-GC-MS after >15 min irradiation, included phenol, benzyl alcohol and phthalic anhydride. Without any signal optimization, a LIF detection limit of 1 μg m⁻³ was established for naphthalene using a diffusion tube (diffusion rate of 2 ng s⁻¹) and 292 nm excitation. A novel method for rapid analysis of atmospheric PAHs by laser induced fluorescence allows for more detailed trend determinations.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]SPEAR indicates pesticide effects in streams - Comparative use of species- and family-level biomonitoring data
2009
Beketov, M.A. | Foit, K. | Schäfer, R.B. | Schriever, C.A. | Sacchi, A. | Capri, E. | Biggs, J. | Wells, C. | Liess, M.
To detect effects of pesticides on non-target freshwater organisms the Species at risk (SPEARpesticides) bioindicator based on biological traits was previously developed and successfully validated over different biogeographical regions of Europe using species-level data on stream invertebrates. Since many freshwater biomonitoring programmes have family-level taxonomic resolution we tested the applicability of SPEARpesticides with family-level biomonitoring data to indicate pesticide effects in streams (i.e. insecticide toxicity of pesticides). The study showed that the explanatory power of the family-level SPEAR(fm)pesticides is not significantly lower than the species-level index. The results suggest that the family-level SPEAR(fm)pesticides is a sensitive, cost-effective, and potentially European-wide bioindicator of pesticide contamination in flowing waters. Class boundaries for SPEARpesticides according to EU Water Framework Directive are defined to contribute to the assessment of ecological status of water bodies. We show that SPEARpesticides can be based on family-level biomonitoring data and is applicable for large-scale monitoring programmes to detect and quantify pesticide contamination.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Identification of Chinese cabbage genotypes with low cadmium accumulation for food safety
2009
Liu, Weitao | Zhou, Qixing | Sun, Yuebing | Liu, Rui
The pot-culture experiment and field studies were conducted to screen out and identify cadmium (Cd) excluders from 40 Chinese cabbage genotypes for food safety. The results of the pot-culture experiment indicated that the shoot Cd concentrations under three treatments (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg Cd kg⁻¹ Soil) varied significantly (p < 0.05), with average values of 0.70, 3.07 and 5.83 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The Cd concentrations in 12 cabbage genotypes were lower than 0.50 mg kg⁻¹. The enrichment factors (EFs) and translocation factors (TFs) in 8 cabbage genotypes were lower than 1.0. The field studies further identified Lvxing 70 as a Cd-excluder genotype (CEG), which is suitable to be planted in low Cd-contaminated soils (Cd concentration should be lower than 1.25 mg kg⁻¹) for food safety. Lvxing 70 was identified as a Cd-excluder genotype (CEG) and suitable to be cultivated in low Cd-contaminated soils for food safety.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Biological effects of diethylene glycol (DEG) and produced waters (PWs) released from offshore activities: A multi-biomarker approach with the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax
2009
Stefania, Gorbi | Maura, Benedetti | Claudia, Virno Lamberti | Barbara, Pisanelli | Ginevra, Moltedo | Francesco, Regoli
Diethylene glycol (DEG) is largely used during oil and gas exploitation by offshore platforms. The aim of this work was to investigate if this compound induces direct molecular/cellular effects in marine organisms, or indirectly modulate those of produced waters (PWs). Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were exposed to DEG dosed alone or in combination with PWs from an Adriatic platform. A wide array of analysed biomarkers included cytochrome P450-dependent enzymatic activity, bile metabolites, glutathione S-transferases, acetylcholinesterase, peroxisomal proliferation, antioxidant defences (catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione), total oxyradical scavenging capacity, malondialdehyde and DNA integrity (single strand breaks and frequency of micronuclei). Results did not reveal marked effects of DEG, while PWs influenced the biotransformation system, the oxidative status and the onset of genotoxic damages. Co-exposures caused only limited differences of biomarker responses at some experimental conditions, overall suggesting a limited biological impact of DEG at levels normally deriving from offshore activities. A biological risk for marine organisms can be excluded for DEG concentrations as those normally associated to produced waters discharged in the Adriatic Sea.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Identifying natural and anthropogenic sources of metals in urban and rural soils using GIS-based data, PCA, and spatial interpolation
2009
Davis, Harley T. | Aelion, C Marjorie | McDermott, Suzanne | Lawson, Andrew B.
Determining sources of neurotoxic metals in rural and urban soils is important for mitigating human exposure. Surface soil from four areas with significant clusters of mental retardation and developmental delay (MR/DD) in children, and one control site were analyzed for nine metals and characterized by soil type, climate, ecological region, land use and industrial facilities using readily available GIS-based data. Kriging, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to identify commonalities of metal distribution. Three MR/DD areas (one rural and two urban) had similar soil types and significantly higher soil metal concentrations. PCA and CA results suggested that Ba, Be and Mn were consistently from natural sources; Pb and Hg from anthropogenic sources; and As, Cr, Cu, and Ni from both sources. Arsenic had low commonality estimates, was highly associated with a third PCA factor, and had a complex distribution, complicating mitigation strategies to minimize concentrations and exposures. GIS-based data, principal component and cluster analysis identified complex distributions of metals in soils in areas with clusters of mental retardation and developmental delay.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]