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Enhanced losses of phosphorus in mole-tile drainage water following short-term applications of dairy effluent to pasture
2005
McDowell, R.W. | Koopmans, G.F. | Monaghan, R.M. | Smith, L.C. | Stewart, I.
Compensation processes of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) to ozone exposure and drought stress
2005
Inclan, R. | Gimeno, B.S. | Dizengremel, Pierre | Sanchez, M. | Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) sorption and degradation dynamics in three agricultural soils
2005
Boivin, Arnaud | Amellal, Samira | Schiavon, Michel | van Genuchten, M.T. | Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Decomposition of leaves of the metallophyte Arabidopsis halleri in soil microcosms: fate of Zn and Cd from plant residues
2005
Boucher, Uriel | Lamy, Isabelle | Cambier, Philippe, P. | Balabane, May | Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
36 ref. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.07.031 | International audience | In order to better understand the fate of metals during the biodegradation of organic matter in soils, an in vitro incubation experiment was conducted with metal-rich and metal-free leaves of Arabidopsis halleri introduced in a non-contaminated soil. During incubation of these microcosms, we followed the partitioning of Zn and Cd between the solution and their solid components, by determining the metal contents of six soil fractions and dissolved metals after granulo-densimetric separations at selected times. Microbial biomass and exchangeable metals in K2SO4 solutions were also determined at the same times, and two main stages were identified. The first one takes place after a fast abiotic transfer of Zn and Cd from readily soluble plant tissues onto fine soil constituents, keeping metals away from the liquid phase: during about 14 days, microbial biomass increased as well as metal contents of some soil fractions, particularly those rich in particulate organic matter. During the second stage, between 14 and 60 days and for the metal-rich microcosms, Zn and Cd contents in solution increased, while microbial biomass decreased instead of staying constant as in control. A change of Zn and Cd speciation is assumed, from non-toxic adsorbed forms to more toxic species in solution. Remaining metal-rich plant residues seem to create a stable organic C compartment in the soil.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Diuron mobility through vineyard soils contaminated with copper
2005
Jacobson, Astrid R. | Dousset, Sylvie | Guichard, Nathalie | Baveye, Philippe | Andreux, Francis | Microbiologie ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB) | Department of Crop and Soil Sciences ; Cornell University [New York] | Université de Bourgogne (UB)
International audience | The herbicide diuron is frequently applied to vineyard soils in Burgundy, along with repeated treatments with Bordeaux mixture (a blend of copper sulfate and calcium hydroxide) that result in elevated copper concentrations. Cu could in principle affect the fate and transport of diuron or its metabolites in the soil either directly by complexation or indirectly by altering the populations or activity of microbes involved in their degradation. To assess the effect of high Cu concentrations on diuron transport, an experiment was designed with ten undisturbed columns of calcareous and acidic soils contaminated with 17–509 mg kg−1 total Cu (field-applied). Grass was planted on three columns. Diuron was applied to the soils in early May and in-ground lysimeters were exposed to outdoor conditions until November. Less than 1.2% of the diuron applied was found in the leachates as diuron or its metabolites. Higher concentrations were found in the effluents from the grass-covered columns (0.1–0.45%) than from the bare-soil columns (0.02–0.14%), and they were correlated with increases in dissolved organic carbon. The highest amounts of herbicide were measured in acidic-soil column leachates (0.98–1.14%) due to the low clay and organic matter contents of these soils. Cu also leached more readily through the acidic soils (32.8–1042 μg) than in the calcareous soils (9.5–63.4 μg). Unlike in the leachates, the amount of diuron remaining in the soils at the end of the experiment was weakly related to the Cu concentrations in the soils. Cu accumulation, from Bordeaux mixture, in vineyard soils may be affecting microbial activity and thus slightly increasing the persistence of diuron in the soils. Cu accumulation, from Bordeaux mixture, in vineyard soils may be affecting microbial activity and thus slightly increasing the persistence of diuron in the soils.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Monitoring and modelling of biosphere/atmosphere exchange of gases and aerosols in Europe
2005
Erisman, Jan Willem | Vermeulen, Alex | Hensen, Arjan | Flechard, Chris, R | Dämmgen, Ulrich | Fowler, David | Sutton, Mark | Grünhage, Ludger | Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Decomposition in soil microcosms of leaves of the metallophyte Arabidopsis halleri: effect of leaf-associated heavy metals on biodegradation
2005
Boucher, Uriel | Balabane, May | Lamy, Isabelle | Cambier, Philippe, P. | Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
34 ref. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.10.020 | International audience | More knowledge is needed concerning the disturbance of soil organic matter cycling due to heavy metal pollution. The present study deals with the impact of heavy metal pollution on litter breakdown. Our aim was to assess whether heavy metals initially present in the leaves of the metallophyte Arabidopsis halleri: (i) slow down the rate of C mineralization, in relation to metal toxicity towards microflora, and/or (ii) increase the amount of organic C resistant to biodegradation, in relation to an intrinsic resistance of metallophyte residues to biodegradation. We incubated uncontaminated soil samples with either metal-free or metal-rich plant material. Metal-free material was grown in a greenhouse, and metal-rich material was collected in situ. During the 2-month period of incubation, we measured evolved CO2-C and residual plant C in the coarse organic fraction. Our results of CO2-C evolution showed a similar mineralization from the microcosms amended with highly metal-rich leaves of A. halleri and the microcosms amended with the metal-free but otherwise similar plant material. Measuring residual plant C in its input size-fraction gave a more precise insight. Our results suggest that only the large pool of easily decomposable C mineralized similarly from metal-free and from metal-rich plant residues. The pool of less decomposable C seemed on the contrary to be preferentially preserved in the case of metal-rich material. These results support the hypothesis of an annual extra-accumulation in situ of such a slowly decomposable fraction of plant residues which could account to some extent for the observed accumulation of metallophyte litter on the surface of highly metal-polluted soils.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Résumé du 6th International Symposium on Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Glkobal Changes : from molecular Biology to Plant Production and Ecosystem (6th APGC Symposium). Tsukuba 19-22 october 2004
2005
Le Thiec, Didier,
Effets de l'ozone sur les plantes : comparaison entre peuplier et maïs
2005
Le Thiec, Didier, | Jolivet, Yves, | Cellier, Pierre | Dizengremel, Pierre,
Pesticide contamination of the coastline of Martinique
2005
Bocquene, Gilles | Franco, Alain
In January and February 2002, the presence of certain agricultural pesticides throughout the coastline of the Caribbean island of Martinique was investigated. The tropical climate of the French West Indies is suitable for banana production, which requires intensive use of pesticides. An inventory of all pesticides used on the island (compounds and tonnage) was compiled. Surveys and analyses revealed the presence of pesticides in the plumes of seven rivers. The organochlorine chlordecone and metabolites of aldicarb were detected at nearly all of the monitored sites, even though the use of chlordecone has been prohibited since 1993. Two triazines (ametryn and simazine) were also identified. The concentrations of carbamates and triazines detected in the water and sediment samples from Martinique are comparable to those reported for mainland France. Chlordecone concentrations in the sediment and particulate matter samples were, however, particularly high in the samples from Martinique. Toxicological implications are discussed. Of particular concern are the high levels of chlordecone (which is bioaccumulating and carcinogenic) and further monitoring of this compound is recommended, especially in fish and other sea-food products.
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