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A simple method for diagnostic of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary from potato agricultural fields of potato Texto completo
2015
Touseef Hussain | Bir Pal Singh | Firoz Anwar | Sonica Tomar
A correct detection and appropriate identification of causal pathogens associated with crop plants or seeds are considered to be the most important issue in designing the proper management plans for plant diseases. This study was designed to detect Phytophthora infestans inoculum from potato grown soil. A high detection rate of P.infestans was obtained from the naturally infested soil of potato fields. Naturally soils were firstly moistened in a plastic pots and then pre-incubated at ±18°C for 3 days, baiting with potato tuber slice for 24, 48, and 72 h. The baits were then thoroughly washed, flooded with 10–15 ml of distilled water in Petri-dishes and incubated under continuous darkness in chamber ±18ºC. Sporangia started to emerge from the margins of potato tuber slice. They were easily observed under the stereomicroscope. Pure culture of the fungus was obtained by isolating from baited tubers on a Rye Agar medium. This is the first report of recovery of P. infestans from naturally infested potato growing soils using susceptible potato tuber (K. Bahar) as bait in India. All isolates were determined to be A2 mating type.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Functional Salad Dressing as an Excipient Food Texto completo
2015
Sibel Karakaya | Sedef Nehir El | Şebnem Şimşek
The aim of this study is to develop salad dressing as an excipient food that can be used to enhance beneficial effects of salads when co-ingested together. The compounds that include bioactive constituents different from other salad dressings are germinated seed and sprouts of lentils and cowpeas, and caseinomacropeptide isolated from whey. The proximate composition, total phenols and total flavonoids of salad dressing were determined. Its beneficial effects on health (antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, bile acid binding capacity, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity) were determined using in vitro methods. Energy value of salad dressing is 111 kcal/100 g and 11.41% of the energy value of the salad dressing is provided by protein. Total phenol content is 79 mg CE/100 g. Salad dressing displayed higher antioxidant activity against DPPH radical (130 mM Trolox/100 g) than that of ORAC value (72 mM Trolox/100 g). Salad dressing inhibited ACE by approximately 37%. Expected glycemic index of salad dressing was 74.0 and belongs to high glycemic index foods. Contrary to, salad dressing inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase with the IC50 values 1.77 mg protein/mL and 2.40 mg protein/mL, respectively. Relative to cholestyramine, bile acid binding capacity of salad dressing is 39.85%.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of Essential Oils on Feed Efficiency, Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation, Milk Production, and Milk Composition in Dairy Cows Texto completo
2015
Hayrettin Çayıroğlu
Essential oils are secondary compounds obtained from several parts of plants. They play an important role in the protection of the plants as antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, insecticides in nature. Along with the prohibition of the use of antibiotics as feed additives in a lot of countries around the world, scientists have accelerated the search for safer and more natural feed additive. In this respect, essential oils and their active components have come to the fore as an alternative feed ingredient. In this review, effects of essential oils on feed intake, feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, milk yield and its composition in dairy cattle were evaluated.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Survey on Consumption Behaviour of Energy Drink Among University Students: Example of Afyon Kocatepe University Texto completo
2015
Levent Şen | Hurşit Ertuğrul Dere | İlknur Koçak Şen
The main objective of this study is to investigate the consumption behaviour and consumption awareness of energy drink among university students. Data were collected from 750 students in Afyon Kocatepe University by questionnaire which is improved by writers of this article. Tests were done with SPSS end of the research. Chi-square tests were done in %95 confidence interval to determine the relation of consumption and awareness of energy drink among the university students with gender, age range, school which is graduated, monthly expense, smoking and use of alcohol, the most consumed beverage types, and degree of licence. According to search results, it was found that energy drink consumption behaviour did not change with regard to the different age. On the other hand, male college graduates compared to other types of high school, it was determined that 701 TL per month and over spenders in relation to the lower income groups consumed more energy drinks . In addition, it was found that the groups that use alcohol, smokers, coffee drinkers and undergraduate students were consumed much more energy drinks than the others. When the answers measured the energy drink consumption behaviour of the students participated in the survey were considered, it was concluded that the awareness of the energy drink consumption was not high enough.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of Cold and Heat Stress on Egg Quality Traits of a Newly Developed Native Hybrid Layer Texto completo
2015
İsmail Durmuş | Serdar Kamanlı
Effects of Cold and Heat Stress on Egg Quality Traits of a Newly Developed Native Hybrid Layer Texto completo
2015
İsmail Durmuş | Serdar Kamanlı
ATAK-S is a newly developed native hybrid layer. Although the laying performance of this hybrid has been studied and determined, the performance response of the hybrid to different environmental temperature conditions is not known. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the effect of cold and heat stress on egg quality traits. Hens were divided into three different groups; control (20°C), low (12°C) and high (32°C). A total of 360 hens, with 120 in each of the groups, were used in the study. Hens were held in three tier battery cages in an environmentally controlled poultry house. The study lasted for 3 weeks. No differences were found among different groups in terms of shape index, albumen height and Haugh unit of the egg quality traits. It was found that the differences among the heat groups in terms of egg shell breaking strength, egg weight, shell thickness and yolk colour were significant and the value of these traits decreased under the heat stress conditions, whereas they were not affected from the cold stress.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evaluation of diversity and distribution patterns of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea (Passifloraceae) in Colombia. A challenge for taxonomic, floristic and conservation research of the species | Evaluación de la diversidad y patrones de distribución de Passiflora subgénero Astrophea (Passifloraceae) en Colombia. Un reto para la investigación taxonómica, florística y de conservación de las especies Texto completo
2016
Aguirre-Morales, Adriana Carolina | Bonilla Morales, Miguel Macgayver | Caetano, Creucí Maria
Passiflora with approx. 575 species is the most diverse genus in Passifloraceae, with Colombia and Ecuador holding the largest number of taxa. It is divided into five subgenera, one of them being Astrophea, a group of arborescent and woody species. The aim of this research, was to assess the diversity and conservation status of the species in the subgenus Astrophea native to Colombia, and investigate their current and potential distribution. Subsequently, national and international herbarium collections and scientific literature were reviewed. This research was further supplemented by recent field collections. The results were analyzed with Excel © and maps obtained by Diva-GIS © to which the IUCN criteria were applied for each species. 24 species were identified, distributed within 28 departments, by assessing 375 records. The potential distribution ranges of the species, suggests niches associated to the Amazonía and Orinoquía, bioregions with large gaps in collection, provided they are in the species preferred altitudinal ranges (0-500 m). The most diverse parts of the country are the center west and northeast, with more than 7 taxa per area. 46% of species have some degree of threat and 37.5% are endemic. Despite this, 80% of species occur outside protected areas, which further complicate its conservation status according to the IUCN criteria. Eleven species are newly reported for the 14 departments. Collection efforts should be focused on areas with optimal bioclimatic conditions for the growth of species as regions for potential distribution. | Passiflora con ca. 575 especies es el género más rico de Passifloraceae cuyo centro de diversidad está en Colombia y Ecuador. Éste se divide en cinco subgéneros, entre estos Astrophea agrupa las especies arborescentes y leñosas. El propósito de la investigación fue conocer la diversidad y estado de conservación de especies del subgénero Astrophea para Colombia, sumando aspectos de distribución actual y potencial. Por lo anterior, se revisaron colecciones de herbarios nacionales e internacionales y literatura científica, complementando con colectas de campo. Los resultados fueron analizados con Excel© y los mapas obtenidos mediante Diva-GIS©, además los criterios de la IUCN se aplicaron para cada especie. Se registraron 375 observaciones, agrupadas en 24 especies y distribuidas en 28 departamentos, a lo largo de los valles interandinos del río Cauca y Magdalena. La distribución potencial, sugiere nichos asociados a las regiones de Amazonía y Orinoquía; bioregiones con amplios vacíos de colecta ubicadas dentro de las preferencias de distribución por rango altitudinal de las especies (0-500 m.s.n.m.). Las áreas con mayor riqueza son el centro occidente y nororiente del país con más de siete especies por zona. Pese a esto, el 80% de las especies están por fuera de áreas protegidas, lo que se agrava bajo los criterios de la IUCN, pues el 46% presentan algún grado de amenaza, además del alto porcentaje de endemismo (37,5%). Once especies son incluidas como nuevos reportes para 14 departamentos. Esfuerzos de colecta deben orientarse en las regiones de distribución potencial que poseen condiciones bioclimáticas óptimas para el desarrollo de las especies. | Passiflora con ca. 575 especies es el género más rico de Passifloraceae cuyo centro de diversidad está en Colombia y Ecuador. Éste se divide en cinco subgéneros, entre estos Astrophea agrupa las especies arborescentes y leñosas. El propósito de la investigación fue conocer la diversidad y estado de conservación de especies del subgénero Astrophea para Colombia, sumando aspectos de distribución actual y potencial. Por lo anterior, se revisaron colecciones de herbarios nacionales e internacionales y literatura científica, complementando con colectas de campo. Los resultados fueron analizados con Excel© y los mapas obtenidos mediante Diva-GIS©, además los criterios de la IUCN se aplicaron para cada especie. Se registraron 375 observaciones, agrupadas en 24 especies y distribuidas en 28 departamentos, a lo largo de los valles interandinos del río Cauca y Magdalena. La distribución potencial, sugiere nichos asociados a las regiones de Amazonía y Orinoquía; bioregiones con amplios vacíos de colecta ubicadas dentro de las preferencias de distribución por rango altitudinal de las especies (0-500 m.s.n.m.). Las áreas con mayor riqueza son el centro occidente y nororiente del país con más de siete especies por zona. Pese a esto, el 80% de las especies están por fuera de áreas protegidas, lo que se agrava bajo los criterios de la IUCN, pues el 46% presentan algún grado de amenaza, además del alto porcentaje de endemismo (37,5%). Once especies son incluidas como nuevos reportes para 14 departamentos. Esfuerzos de colecta deben orientarse en las regiones de distribución potencial que poseen condiciones bioclimáticas óptimas para el desarrollo de las especies.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effect of High Thermal Manipulations during Early and Late Embryogenesis on Asymmetry for Broilers Texto completo
2015
Sezai Alkan | Özgür Barış Birgül
Effect of High Thermal Manipulations during Early and Late Embryogenesis on Asymmetry for Broilers Texto completo
2015
Sezai Alkan | Özgür Barış Birgül
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thermal manipulations during early and late embryogenesis on asymmetry in terms of sides of shank length, shank width and face length of broilers. Incubation conditions were 37.5°C and 55% relative humidity for control group throughout the incubation period until the 19th days. In the thermally treated eggs during early embryogenesis (8-10 days), incubation temperature was increased to 41°C and relative humidity to 65% for 3 hours (12.00-15.00) on the 8th-10th days of incubation. Also, in the late embryogenesis stage (16-18 days) incubation temperature was increased to 41°C and relative humidity to 65 % for 3 hours (12.00-15.00) on the 16th-18th days of incubation. Total 16 chickens were selected at randomly from all experimental groups to determine the asymmetry. The weekly left and right sides of shank length, shank width and face length of chickens were measured from 7 days of age to 35 days of age, and relative asymmetry values were calculated. There was no significant difference among the groups in point of relative asymmetry. Asymmetry values were reduced due to aging.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evaluación de un producto nematicida sobre nematodos fitoparásitos del plátano Dominico Hartón (Musa AAB) Texto completo
2014
González Cardona, Carolina | Aristizábal Loaiza, Manuel
En el Laboratorio de Fitopatología de la Universidad de Caldas, Colombia, se evaluó el efecto de las con-centraciones 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32, 64, 96 y 240 ppm de la molécula MCW-2 sobre la mortalidad de poblaciones de nematodos de los géneros Radopholus, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne y Helicotylenchus du-rante 24, 48 y 72 h de exposición. Como testigo relativo se empleó Carbofuran y como testigo absoluto se utilizó agua. Se empleo un diseño al azar en un arreglo factorial de dos productos, 12 concentraciones y tres tiempos de exposición. Los resultados indicaron que, los niveles de mortalidad en las concentracio-nes superiores a 16 ppm fueron mayores con MCW-2 que con Carbofuran; en todas las concentraciones la mortalidad aumentó a medida que el tiempo de exposición fue mayor; Meloidogyne fue el género más sen-sible a MCW-2, mientras que Pratylenchus lo fue a Carbofuran; la concentración letal media de MCW-2 para los cuatro géneros de nematodos fue < de 125 ppm y la de Carbofuran varió entre 415 y 715 ppm. Se concluye que MCW-2 constituye una buena opción para el control de nematodos en plátano, aunque es necesario evaluarlo en plántulas en condiciones de campo.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evaluación de un producto nematicida sobre nematodos fitoparásitos del plátano Dominico Hartón (Musa AAB) Texto completo
2014
González Cardona, Carolina(Universidad de Caldas Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria) | Aristizábal Loaiza, Manuel(Universidad de Caldas Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria)
To establish the effectiveness of a molecule with nematicida action against parasitic nematode of the plantain, experiments were conducted at the Phytopathology laboratory of the University of Caldas. The effect of concentrations of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0, 64.0, 96.0 y 240.0 ppm of MCW-2 was evaluated on the mortality of populations of nematodes of the genera Radopholus, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne y Helicotylenchus during 24, 48 and 72 h of exposition. As the relative control Carbofuran was used. The absolute control was the treatment with water. A randomized experimental design was used in a factorial arrangement of two products, 12 concentrations and three times of exposure. The levels of mortality at concentrations above 16 ppm were higher with MCW-2 than with Carbofuran and vice versa; that in all of the concentrations mortality increased with the time of exposition; that Meloidogyne was the genus most sensitive to MCW-2 while Pratylenchus so was to Carbofuran and that the 50% lethal concentration for MCW-2 for the four genera of nematodes was below 115 ppm and to Carbofuran was between 415 and 715 ppm. It was concluded that MCW-2 constitutes a good option to the control of nematodes in plantain, although it necessary to evaluate it on plants growing in plastic bags. | En el Laboratorio de Fitopatología de la Universidad de Caldas, Colombia, se evaluó el efecto de las concentraciones 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32, 64, 96 y 240 ppm de la molécula MCW-2 sobre la mortalidad de poblaciones de nematodos de los géneros Radopholus, Pratylenchus, Meloidogyne y Helicotylenchus durante 24, 48 y 72 h de exposición. Como testigo relativo se empleó Carbofurán y como testigo absoluto se utilizó agua. Se uso un diseño al azar, en un arreglo factorial de dos productos, doce concentraciones y tres tiempos de exposición. Los resultados indicaron que los niveles de mortalidad en las concentraciones superiores a 16 ppm fueron mayores con MCW-2 que con Carbofurán; en todas las concentraciones la mortalidad aumentó a medida que el tiempo de exposición fue mayor; Meloidogyne fue el género más sensible a MCW-2, mientras que Pratylenchus lo fue a Carbofurán; la concentración letal media de MCW-2 para los cuatro géneros de nematodos fue < de 125 ppm y la de Carbofurán varió entre 415 y 715 ppm. Se concluye que MCW-2 constituye una buena opción para el control de nematodos en plátano, aunque es necesario evaluarlo en plántulas en condiciones de campo.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The Effects of Using Gamma Irradiated Wheat and Barley in Layer Diets on Egg Product Parameters and Quality Texto completo
2015
Turgay Yıldız | Necmettin Ceylan
The Effects of Using Gamma Irradiated Wheat and Barley in Layer Diets on Egg Product Parameters and Quality Texto completo
2015
Turgay Yıldız | Necmettin Ceylan
In this study, the effect of using gamma irradiated barley and wheat 0, 10 and 100 kiloGray (kGy) and enzyme supplementation on the egg product criterions and external and internal egg quality was examined. In this experiment, 36 weeks old, 324 Brown Nick laying hens were used for ten week. The study was a randomized complete block design with 9 dietary treatments within 6 blocks of 54 pens each 6 birds per pen. Although egg weight was not significantly affected by gamma irradiation; enzyme supplementation of barley based diet significantly increased egg weight compared to barley control group. As egg mass production was considered, enzyme and 100 kGy gamma irradiation significantly improved the egg mass production compared to barley control. The feed conversion ratio was significantly improved by using gamma irradiated barley and enzyme in barley based diets (P
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Fluorescein effect on the vase life of calla (Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) K. Spreng.) inflorescences Texto completo
2017
Loeza-Corte, Juan Manuel | Díaz-López, Ernesto
Calla (Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) K. Spreng), is a cut flower which had obtained importance in recent years, but postharvest handling is limited. Thus, in order to know the fluorescein concentration effect and pH of pulse solution on inflorescences calla postharvest, were evaluated in Teotitlan de Flores Magon, Oaxaca-Mexico, four fluorescein concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60 %, respectively) and two pH levels (acid and alkaline) in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement, having a total of 24 experimental units, which was established by vase life and calla inflorescence with white spathe color, immersed in a fluorescein solution adjusted as appropriate at acidic or alkaline pH, where response variables were as follows: vase life, water consumption, stem diameter, absorption fluorescein stem base and fluorescein vertical absorption by floral scape. Results indicates the increased vase life is achieved at alkaline pH by fluorescein addition of 20, 40 and 60 %, respectively. Likewise, the higher water consumption is achieved at this pH. From this research, we can conclude fluorescein can affect the calla physiology for increasing vase life. | Calla (Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) K. Spreng), is a cut flower which had obtained importance in recent years, but postharvest handling is limited. Thus, in order to know the fluorescein concentration effect and pH of pulse solution on inflorescences calla postharvest, were evaluated in Teotitlan de Flores Magon, Oaxaca-Mexico, four fluorescein concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60 %, respectively) and two pH levels (acid and alkaline) in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement, having a total of 24 experimental units, which was established by vase life and calla inflorescence with white spathe color, immersed in a fluorescein solution adjusted as appropriate at acidic or alkaline pH, where response variables were as follows: vase life, water consumption, stem diameter, absorption fluorescein stem base and fluorescein vertical absorption by floral scape. Results indicates the increased vase life is achieved at alkaline pH by fluorescein addition of 20, 40 and 60 %, respectively. Likewise, the higher water consumption is achieved at this pH. From this research, we can conclude fluorescein can affect the calla physiology for increasing vase life.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Estimating Combining Ability Effect of the Indian and Exotic Lines of Tomatoes by Partial Diallel Analysis Texto completo
2015
Suresh Baban Dagade | Nanadasana Jagdish Nasibhai | Hariprasanna Krishna | Bhatt Virendra Mulshankar | Dhaduk Lallubhai Keshavbhai | Barad Agarsang Virsanbhai
Eight nearly homozygous, horticulturally superior and optimally divergent lines of tomato having Indian and exotic adaptability were used for carrying out half diallel design to study General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) estimates for fruit weight, polar and equatorial diameter, locules fruit-1, pericarp thickness and fruit firmness. The variances due to both GCA and SCA were significant, suggesting that both additive and non additive genetic variance were involved for genetic control of the character fruit polar and equatorial diameter, and locules number in F1 and F2 generations. However, the variance due to GCA was more pronounced for fruit weight, pericarp thickness and firmness as a result of additive gene action. Due to their high general combining ability effects, exotic parents Ec 490130 and Ec 177371 producing firm fruited small to medium sized tomato fruits having constant expression of GCA effects over the generationsregarded as best general combiners. The crosses GT 1 x Ec 490130 and Ec 490130 x Ec 398704 having high x high and high x low combinations, respectively in F1. While in F2, GT 1 x Ec 177371 and H 24 x Ec 490130 having high x high and high x low combining lines were considered as best crosses for greater fruit firmness. Therefore, heterosis breeding in F1 and selection of desirable lines in F2 generation is recommended for further improvements were suggested for future hybridization programmes.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The Use of Garlic (Allium sativum) as a Growth Promoter in Aquaculture Texto completo
2015
Suat Dikel
The wide-ranging use of antibiotics and medicaments has resulted in chemical residue and resistant pathogens in cured fish. Chemical residue not only pollutes the environment, but also threatens consumer’s health. On the contrary, garlic as a well-known natural antibiotic that causes no environmental or physical side effects has shown to be effective for the treatment of many diseases in humans and animals. In aquaculture applications, garlic promotes growth, improves the immune system, stimulates appetite, and reinforces the control of fungal and bacterial pathogens. This review emphasis on the application of garlic in promotes of fish growth and the expectations of using garlic arrangements in aquaculture.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Determination of Phomological and Phenological Properties of Some Apple Cultivars in Konya Ecological Conditions Texto completo
2015
Şeyma Arıkan | Muzaffer İpek | Lütfi Pırlak
The aim of the study was to define the phenological and phomological properties of some apple cultivars grafted on dwarf rootstocks (M9 and M26) under the ecological conditions of Konya. At this study bud swelling, bud breaking, the beginning of blooming, full blooming and the harvesting dates of the apple varieties of Summer Red, Jersey Mac, Red Chief, Braeburn, Jonagold, Golden Delicious and Fuji were determined. As a result of the study, the full blooming was occurred between 5-19 May. The harvesting dates of the varieties were occurred between 27 July and 13 November. The average weights of the varieties were determined as 97.48 g (Jersey Mac) and 177.96 g (Red Chief). The highest soluble solid content were determined from Golden Delicous as 13.29%. The yield per tree of apple cultivars was determined Summer Red (14.02 kg/tree), Golden Delicious (12.21 kg/tree) and Fuji (11.87 kg/tree) respectively.
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