Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına olan yönelme son yıllarda giderek artmaktadır. Bu yöneliş, öncelikle potansiyel hesaplamalarıyla başlamış, zamanla teknolojilerin uygulamasına geçilmiştir. Teknolojik anlamda güneş enerjisi uygulamaları; genelde ısıtma, elektrik üretme ve tarımsal sulama amaçlı olmaktadır. Elektrik üretmede fotovoltaik pil (PV) uygulamaları, dünya çapında büyük ivme kazanmıştır. Fotovoltaik sulama sistemlerinde boyut analizi yapılırken, kullanılan eski metotlar, sadece üretilen hidrolik enerjinin gereksinimlerini dikkate alırdı. Bu metotların aksine bu çalışmada problem, sistematik olarak ele alınıp, sistemin bütün elemanlarının ve bileşenlerinin analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Niğde’nin tarımsal yapısına uygun olarak, patates üretimi yapılan işletmenin enerji ihtiyacı belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu çalışmalar göstermiştir ki; tarımsal amaçlı sulamada, çok büyük bir enerji ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Bu enerji ihtiyacının güneş enerjisi ile karşılanmasının ekonomik boyutu sistemin projelendirilmesi, uygulanması ve üretilen elektriğin değerlendirilmesine göre çok değişkenlik göstermektedir. Çalışmada, bu sorunlar uygulama ve farklı senaryolar dahilinde irdelenmiştir.

Farmland consolidation is defined as the aggregation of farm lands that are fragmented and dispersed in agricultural sector with the aim of increasing their size for efficiency. The aim of study is to determine the effects of land consolidation practice and its impact on farmer satisfaction levels. Farmer satisfaction analysis was conducted on farmers which have land consolidation practice areas in different regions in Turkey. The data was obtained to be conducted from 1349 farmer interviews in 10 provinces by survey in 2015, and it was based on Likert scale that measured farmer satisfaction level. The data which is used in this analysis was tested by reliability analysis, and the results were obtained via factor analysis and logistic regression. It was found that has positive opinion on land consolidation over 87 percent of farmers, and also was recommended these practices to other farmers. Moreover, the results showed that the important ones from effective factors on farmer satisfaction can be listed as follows: cost reduction, decreasing conflicts between farmers, irrigation and drainage efficiencies, having confidence in technical staff, and facilitating agricultural works.

Pepper is one of the most cultivated vegetables worldwide and also consumed substantially as a flavouring ingredient in different culinary traditions. Therefore, many researchers have focused on its breeding to develop new varieties. One of plant breeding aims is to attain disease and pest resistance. The use of tissue culture methods in plant breeding has many advantages. The response of two nematode resistant pepper genotypes to the anther culture and the effect of cold pre-treatment to the floral buds have been investigated in this study. Alata 2095 and Alata 2096 both specified as resistant to the nematode by Alata Horticultural Research Institute (Alata, Mersin, Turkey) were used as plant material. Two pre-treatments were used in this study: cold and no cold. In cold treatment, flower buds were kept in fridge at 4°C for 24 hours prior to the anther culture. Murashige and Skoog medium contained 0.25% activated charcoal, 6.5 g L-1 agar, 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzyl-amino-purine (BAP), 4 mg L-1 naphthalene-acetic-acid (NAA), 15 mg L-1 silver nitrate (AgNO3), and 30 g L-1 sucrose was used. After assessment, the highest mean of plant number was 39.08 per 100 anthers for Alata 2095 genotype. It was 46.61 and 31.56 in cold and no cold treatment, respectively. For Alata 2096 genotype, the mean was 1.96 per 100 anthers (1.68 and 2.25 in cold and no cold treatment, respectively). Statistical analyses confirmed that there was significant difference between treatments, genotypes and also significant interaction between those factors. At the end of the study, we can say that Alata 2095 genotype has a good androgenic response and it can be beneficial in further pepper breeding studies.

Demand for organic products has been increasing in recent years. However, from time to time, some negativities encountered in marketing may lead to contraction in production or loss of product value. It is useful to know consumer preferences to create appropriate marketing and product patterns. This study was conducted to determine the pattern of organic product consumption in the TR72 region (Kayseri, Sivas and Yozgat) and the regional variation in the amount of overpayment. For this purpose, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 1350 families in order to determine the consumption pattern and value of organic products of consumers in TR72 region. As a result of the analyses, the difference between the regions in terms of consumed organic drinks, milk, eggs, chicken meat and vegetables and fruits were calculated as significant. In addition, regional differences were found to be significant in terms of consumption season, brand, organic egg and poultry overpayment rates. According to the findings; regional development level, income level and conscious consumption factors are effective on organic product selection, brand preference, consumption season and overpayment for organic product.

In this study; the human health risks of whiting meat and roes, which are frequently consumed in Turkey were evaluated in terms of minerals and heavy metals. The potential of human health risks according to consumption of whiting meats and roes were assessed by estimating of Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) levels of heavy metals. The Cd, Hg and Pb results found in the roes were lower than the acceptable limits identified by Turkish Codex. The results showed that the investigated fish meat’s Pb levels were higher than the limit values except from in April and May. The highest Cd content was 0.22 mg.kg-1 in whiting meat in December while the lowest Cd content was 0.03 mg.kg-1 in May. The maximum value of metal pollution indices (MPI) was determined as 0.44 for whiting meat and 0.66 for roes in March. The THQ values of whiting meat and roes were lower than 1 for six months. However, the TTHQ values of whiting meat in February and March were higher than 1 indicating health risk for the consumer by consuming whiting meat.

Endojen ve eksojen faktörlere bağlı olan bitki büyüme ve gelişmesi; kuraklık, tuz, yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık derecesi, radyasyon ve ağır metaller gibi abiyotik stres faktörlerinden büyük ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Bitkilerde stresle başa çıkma, olumsuz koşullarda hücre metabolizmasında değişikler yapılması ve savunma mekanizmalarının harekete geçirilmesi ile gerçekleşmektedir. Salisilik asit (SA) bitkilerde bu mekanizmaları harekete geçiren moleküllerden biri olup, özellikle patojen saldırılarına karşı cevap oluşturulmasında etkili olan, içsel bir bitki büyüme düzenleyicisidir. Fenolik bir bileşik olan ve bir bitki hormonu olarak da tanımlanan SA, stres koşulları altında sinyal molekülü olarak görev alarak bitkinin stres koşullarında oluşturduğu cevabı düzenlemekte ve hayatta kalmasını sağlamaktadır. Özellikle eksojen SA uygulamalarının bitkilerde patojenite ile ilişkili genleri aktive ederek hastalıklara direnç sağladığı bilinmektedir. Dışarıdan uygulanan SA’in biyotik stres faktörleri yanında abiyotik stres faktörlerine karşı da bitkinin toleransını artırdığını gösteren çok sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Eksojen SA uygulamaları domates, biber, mısır ve fasulye gibi farklı bitkilerde uygulanmış ve tuz, yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık, kuraklık ve ağır metal streslerine cevap oluşturmada etkin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın bazı çalışmalarda eksojen SA uygulamalarının bazı bitki türlerinde vejetatif ve biyokimyasal içeriklerde inhibe edici özelliğinin bulunduğunun gösterilmesi; SA etkilerinin uygulama dozu, bitki türü ve uygulanma şekline bağlı olarak değişebileceği sonucunu vermektedir.

The research was carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute-Hacı Ali location with 4 replications according to the randomized block trial design in 2013-2014. 13 public and 1 private sector maize variety were used as material in the trials. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that the maize varieties examined showed statistically significant differences in plant properties, dry grass and silage quality. Average plant height, number of leaves, leaf ratio, stem diameter, number of cob, stem ratio, cob ratio and green grass yield were 249.9 cm, 12.97 plant/piece, 19.24%, 22.08 mm, 0.93 plant/unit, 38.40% and 4,251.57 kg/da respectively. According to the analysis, it was observed that the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, crude ash content, digestible dry matter ratio, crude protein yield, dry matter rate, dry matter yield and hay yield were 8.80%, 34.91%, 59.7%, 7.2%, 61.7%, 993.9 kg/ha, 29.4%, 11,640 kg/ha 12,570 kg/ha in dry grass, respectively. For the silage of varieties, the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, pH, digestible dry matter rate, dry matter ratio, crude protein yield and Fleig score were 8.22%, 29.27%, 50.48%, 3.57, 66.1%, 28.14%, 926 kg/ha and 118.35, respectively. Burak, Sasa 1 and Ada 334 genotypes performed better in terms of green yield per hectare (53,650, 50,290 and 45,630 kg/ha) and dry matter yield (14,710, 12,810 and 12,410 kg/ha). These varieties can be recommended to producers as silage maize varieties under second crop conditions in Çukurova region of Turkey.

Vitis labrusca L. (İsabella üzümü) dünyada sıkça tüketilen üzüm türleri arasında yer almaktadır. Kuru meyveler, yaş meyvelere oranla son yıllarda özellikle yoğun çalışan ve diyet yapan insanlarca çabuk atıştırma öğünü veya ara öğün olarak sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada farklı mikrodalga güç seviyelerinde Vitis labrusca L.’nin kurutma karakteristiği incelenmiş, literatürde sıkça kullanılan kurutma modelleri kullanılarak matematiksel modellemesi yapılmış, küresel koordinatlar kullanılarak efektif nem yayılım katsayıları ve aktivasyon enerjisi hesabı yapılmıştır. Vitis labrusca L. 90, 180 ve 360 W güçte sırası ile 20, 6 ve 2 dakikada kurutulmuştur. En iyi kuruma modeli Alibas olarak belirlenmiştir ve R2,  ve hata kareleri ortalaması kare kökü (HKOK) değerleri sırası ile 0,999398 – 0,999715, 0,000182 – 0,000169, 0,010589 – 0,008675 arasında hesaplanmıştır. Kurutma genel olarak azalan hız periyotunda gerçekleşmiştir. Efektif nem yayılım katsayıları 2,11×10-7 ile 6,61×10-8 m2/s arasında aktivasyon enerjisi de 75,464 kW/kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Enerji tüketim miktarları 90, 180 ve 360 W mikrodalga güç seviyelerinde sırası ile 108, 64,8 ve 43,2 kJ olarak belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Vitis labrusca L., kurutma, modelleme, efektif nem yayılımı, aktivasyon enerjisi.

Research was conducted to examining the effects of harvest periods on root yield, essential oil content, resinoid content and essential oil composition of Iris species. Iris germanica field in Kuyucak town of Isparta which plant 3 years were constituted in 2016 year as three replications plots according to randomized block experimental design. Harvest was made in the middle each month from April to September (6 periods). Number of rhizomes weight, fresh rhizome yield, dry rhizome yield, essential oil ratio, resinoid ratio and composition in the Iris germanica were determined. In the study, differences between rhizome yield and examining characteristics of Iris germanica according to harvesting periods were statistically significant. Number of rhizomes varied between 3.27-6.47 per plant, rhizome weight 85.55-186.52 g per plant, fresh rhizome yield 972.8-1651.2 kg da-1, dry rhizome yield 212.33-457.50 kg da-1, essential oil and resinoid ratio of rhizome obtained after harvest 0.057-0.076%, 8.00-10.57% essential oil and resinoid ratio in stored rhizomes 0.10-0.14%, 6.95-10.45%, respectively. Rate of α-iron and ɣ-iron components that determine to qualities in essential oil of Iris rhizomes in after harvest varied between 16.1-27.7% and 23.4-50.8% and 29.4-31.2% and 55.2-59% in the essential oil stored rhizomes of Iris germanica, respectively.

In this study, it is aimed to obtain a new and functional product as a result of adding the remaining black carrot into powder form in different proportions (10, 20 and 30%). Biscuits without waste fermented carrot powder (WFCP) were taken as control group. When ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity values of WFCP were examined, it was found 1032.75 mgAA / 1000g, 4254.92 mg GAE / kg dry weight and % inhibition 43.30, respectively. The textural properties of the biscuit dough with the addition of AFHT were investigated. Moreover, the effect of adding WFCP on colour values, water activity, moisture, ash, ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and textural properties of biscuits were determined. With the addition of WFCP, L* and b* values were decreased and a* values were increased in biscuits compared to control sample. Water activity and ash values increased as WFCP rate increased in biscuits. Ascorbic acid, total phenolic and antioxidant activity (DPPH) values of biscuits added with WFCP (30%) increased by 4.89, 7.22 and 4.04 times, respectively, compared to the control group. The addition of WFCP also improved the textural properties of the biscuits, while the hardness value of control group was found to be 4175.87 g force, the highest hardness value was obtained as 6494.09 g force for 20% WFCP added biscuits. In sensory evaluation, the biscuits with the addition of 10% WFCP gained the highest likelihood with 5.6 in terms of general acceptability.