Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de yaklaşık 600 km2'lik alanda 18 ay süresince uygulanan yerli halkla yüz yüze görüşmeler, anket ve foto kapanların yerleştirilmesini içeren bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sahada yapılan anketler ve foto kapan çalışmaları, çizgili sırtlanların Hatay ile Suriye sınırı civarında ve Şanlıurfa’da güçlü şekilde yaşadıkları konusunda belirgin kanıtlarla sonuçlandı. Ancak, bu bölgede çizgili sırtlanların durumu hakkında kapsamlı bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarımız çizgili sırtlanın sıklıkla çorak arazide ve Hatay ilinde tavuk çiftliği etrafında görüldüğünü göstermiştir. Alternatif olarak, Şanlıurfa İli'nde küçük gruplar halinde yaşıyorlar. Çizgili sırtlanlara uygun birkaç mağara, bu mağaralarda ve sonrasında gözlemlenen ayak izleri, dışkılar ve diğer hayvan kalıntıları ile tespit edilmiştir. Çizgili sırtlanlara uygun birkaç mağara ve sonrasında yapılan gözlemlerde ayak izleri, dışkılar ve diğer hayvan kalıntıları tespit edilmiştir. Saç, kulak ve karkas dokularından izole edilen Cytb mitokondrial DNA'yı kullanarak, çizgili sırtlanların moleküler karakterizasyonunu Türkiye'de ilk defa gerçekleştirdik. Türkiye'den 10 farklı çizgili sırtlan örneğinden Cytb DNA sekanslarının dizilerinin birbirlerinin özdeşi oldukları bulunmuştur. Tarih öncesi olanlar da dahil olmak üzere daha önce rapor edilen Cytb dizilerin karşılaştırılması sonucu Ctyb geninin Hyaena hyaena türleri arasında oldukça muhafaza edildiğini göstermiştir. Arazi çalışması sırasında, yoğun tarım alanları, yerleşimler ve taş ocakları nedeniyle incelenen bölgelerde habitat tahribatının ve parçalanmanın yüksek düzeyde olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Hatay ve Şanlıurfa illerinde, yasadışı avlanma, çobanlar tarafından sıklıkla mağaranın kullanımı, yaygın kirpi avlanması, zeytinyağı üretim tesislerinden gelen su kirliliği ve karayolu kazaları çizgili sırtlan nüfusunu olumsuz etkilemektedir. Çizgili sırtlanların yaşam alanını korumak için kapsamlı bir çalışma ve koruma planının uygulanması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anıt ağaçlar, doğanın mirasıdır. Anıt ağaçlar; “Yaş, çap ve boy itibariyle kendi türünün alışılmış ölçüleri üzerinde boyutlara sahip olan, yöre folklorunda, kültür ve tarihinde özel yeri bulunan, geçmiş ile günümüz, günümüz ile gelecek arasında iletişim sağlayabilecek uzunlukta doğal ömre sahip olan ağaçlardır”. Günümüzde bu ağaçların tescili, korunması ve geleceğe taşınması ile ilgili birçok araştırma yürütülmektedir. Anıt ağaçlarla ilgili ülkelerin farklı planlama ve yönetim stratejileri vardır. Bu çalışmanın amaçları; (1) Türkiye’de ağaçları anıtlaştıran özellikleri sunarak, araştırma örnekleriyle tescilleri hakkında bilgi sunmak, (2) Türkiye’de anıt ağaçların tescili, korunması ve yönetimi ile ilgili öneriler sunmaktır.

Wireless sensor networks applications and inter-machine communication (M2M), called the Internet of Things, help decision-makers to control complex systems thanks to the low data-rate and cost-effective data collection and analysis. These technologies offer new possibilities to monitor environmental management and agricultural policies, and to improve agricultural production, especially in low-income rural areas. In this study, IoT is proposed with a low cost, flexible and scalable data collection and analysis system. For this purpose, open source hardware microprocessor cards and sensors are stored in the greenhouse computer database using the IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee wireless communication protocol. The data can be analyzed by greenhouse computer analysis software, which is developed with the PHP programming language. It is possible to monitor the real time data from the greenhouse computer. Also alert rules definitions can be made and the system was tested in greenhouse conditions. It has been observed that it performs operations steadily such as data transfer, sensor measurements and data processing. The proposed system may be useful for monitoring indoor climate and controlling ventilation, irrigation and heating systems, especially for small enterprises due to the modular structure.

Colour is one of the major features that fascinate the customers and makes the foods more allurement. Due to changes of customer demands and countries’ legislations, usage of synthetic colorants is being decreased every day and food industry tends to use natural colorant. Algae have recently gained importance owing to a sustainable natural source of colorant. Algae can rapidly increase their biomass compared to plants thus they produce more pigments. This review covers the subjects about the functional properties and usage areas of natural colorants obtained from algae; phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, β-carotene, lutein, fucoxanthin.

Maize is a very important cereal all over the world and generally cultivated in irrigated agricultural areas. Salinity affects adversely maize productivity in these areas. Maize is known as a salt sensitive species. The salt tolerance level identification in the large genetic resources and breeding populations is an important research topic for solving the salinity problem. The effects of NaCl stress on germination and seedling growth of fifteen maize genotypes were investigated in this study. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl were settled 0 (distilled water), 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dS m-1. This investigation was performed as factorial arrangement of completely randomized design with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that genotypes, salinity levels and interaction between genotype x salinity were significant for all the investigated treatments emergence index (EI), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), and salt tolerance indexes (STI). Results also revealed that the highest reduction in emergence index (59.7%) were obtained in the highest level (12 dS m-1) of salinity. The results further revealed that the cultivars named DKC 6589, PR31G98, and PR31A34 were the most tolerant genotypes than the others under NaCI stress.

In this study, pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), which is usually produced for its seeds, was used for production of whole pumpkin powder directly incorporated into biscuit formation. Fiber, protein and ash content of pumpkin powder are determined 13.4%, 8.5% and 4.7% (dry basis), respectively. Pumpkin powder was added into the dough by means of displacement with the wheat flour at rates of 15%, 30% and 45% during biscuit production. Firmness, work of shear, stickiness and work of adhesion were examined after adding pumpkin flour to biscuit dough at different rates and an increase of firmness, work of shear, stickiness and work of adhesion were recorded as 58.9%, 72.4%, 52.1%, and 29.4%, respectively. A decrease of 24.8% in thickness and 22.7% in volume were observed as the amount of pumpkin flour increases. When the color values were examined, darker biscuits were obtained compared to the control biscuit. Approximately an increase of 232.6% in ash content in biscuits was observed. Biscuits adding pumpkin powder had 58.4% more moisture content than the control biscuit. While decrease of hardness and toughness were observed as 82.3% and 85.4%, respectively, a significantly change of brittleness value was not observed. Biscuits were evaluated in the sensory analysis in terms of crust color, inner color, homogeneity and size of pore, taste, odor, softness, and dissolve in the mouth and greasy feeling in the mouth. According to the results of sensory analysis, biscuits that 45% pumpkin powder was added was the highest rated. According to the study, positive effects were obtained in terms of nutritional properties and favorable results were also found in texture and color of biscuits that pumpkin powder was added. These findings were also supported by the results of sensory analysis.

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is an important mineral nutrient problem that restricts the crop yield especially that of the cereals grown in calcareous soils. This study was carried out with the aim of testing the sensitivity of various cereal species consisting of bread (BDME-10, Bezostaja), durum (Kızıltan Ç-1252) and rye (Aslım) to Zn deficiency. In experiments carried out under greenhouse conditions plants were grown at two different Zn doses (Zn 0 and Zn 5 mg kg-1). When the plants were 44 days old, Zn deficiency symptoms were observed and scored for the severity of Zn deficiency according to 1-5 scale and the plants were harvested. With respect to the severity of Zn deficiency symptoms, the most severe symptoms were observed in the C-1252 (1.0) and Bezostaja (2.0) varieties while the least mild symptoms were observed in varieties of Aslım (4.0) and Kızıltan (3.0). A distinctive increase in shoot dry matter yield has been realized with Zn application which was highest in Ç-1252 (78.8%) and BDME-10 (52.5%) varieties. Greatly differential responses have been seen to Zn deficiency among cereal species and varieties within the same species. Symptomatically and with respect to dry matter yield while durum wheat was affected severely from Zn deficiency, bread wheat was affected moderately and rye has been seen to be affected least. According to the severity of Zn deficiency symptoms and plant growth cereals which are the subject of experiment have shown a rank as as Ç1252> BDME-10> Kızıltan> Bezostaya> Aslım.

This study was conducted to investigate root and shoot traits of wild, ancient and modern wheat genotypes belonging to 8 different species at long tubes under field weather conditions. It was found significant differences between genotypes with regard to root and shoot traits. The research results indicated that root biomass distribution of genotypes at GS 31 ad GS 69, respectively was found 59.2% and 56.3% in 0-30 cm, 76.7% and 71.9% in 0-60 cm. Modern wheats (Çeşit 1252, Konya 2002) and Triticum vavilovii (ancient wheat) had high root biomass distribution in top soil. In the study, species with AABBDD genomes had higher root length than those with AABB, AABBGG and AA genomes. Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum timopheevii and Triticum monococcum had lower values than other genotypes in terms of root length, crown root number, root biomass, shoot biomass and plant height at both growth stages (GS 31 and GS 69), while Triticum vavilovii and Triticum spelta (hexaploid) took part in the front. Accordingly, Triticum vavilovii and Triticum spelta may be used in breeding programs to improve new modern cultivars with high root and shoot traits.

Ensuring comfort of use and security of pedestrians, which are the main users of urban green spaces, and the determination of their needs are important since local authorities are guiding for new pedestrian zone studies in the Konya city. Because of the problems caused by the upper structure, the necessary care is not given in terms of transportation comfort, pedestrian safety, vehicle security, plant design and ergonomic / antropemetric standards. The pedestrian way and refuge landscape designs have an important position and amount among open green areas on the scale of Konya. However, it was identified that the applications conducted were inadequate in terms of aesthetic and functional characteristics and were not suitable for the urban landscape design principles, in general, and the standards of urban afforestation of the streets. In this study, the current situation of 3 main streets of Konya used most intensely was examined in terms of landscape design criteria and some suggestions were made by attempting to identify the improvement works that should be performed by the public authorities.

There are hundreds of years old wild sweet chestnut trees grown among alder, hornbeam, and pine etc. trees in natural forest of Giresun/TURKEY. In this study, trace element contents of chestnuts collected from chestnut trees in these natural forests were investigated. For this purpose, A total of eight elements, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se) and lead (Pb) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in chestnut samples collected from ten chestnut trees. The content of trace elements was determined separately in fruit, bark and pellicle parts of chestnut. In chestnut fruit samples, highest concentration values in mg kg-1 of Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu, Se, Co and Pb are: 88.29, 72.96, 27.76 8.25, 7.81, 2.28, 0.056 and 0.043 respectively. Chestnut bark has been shown the highest values as Mn 176.01, Fe 96.55, Zn 26.97, Ni 4.33, Cu 8.91, Se 3.08, Co 0.089 and Pb 0.058 mg kg-1. The highest concentrations of trace elements in chestnut pellicle are found as Mn 176.26, Fe 92.98, Zn 60.06, Ni 5.79, Cu 11.4, Se 3.29, Co 0.135 and Pb 0.095 mg kg-1. These results suggest that natural chestnuts grown in the Giresun region are quite rich nutrients in terms of trace element contents.