Clearing of natural ecosystems and land degradation due to unsustainable agricultural practices are becoming threats to the sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems in Burie town administrative, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. The aim of this paper is therefore to assess the fruit tree species diversity in home garden agro-forestry and their role for supporting local people’s livelihoods in Burie town administration. Cultivated plants of 72 home gardens were surveyed and critical information were collected through questioner and focus group discussion from 12 households. Fruit tree species diversity (expressed in species richness and evenness) in home gardens in the study sites was determined using the Shannon-Weiner Index. The study basically considers the human consumption fruit trees species. A total of 18 fruit tree species represented by 9-genera and 7-families were recorded in home garden agro-forestry within the three wealth status (poor, medium, and rich) of the selected respondents commonly. From all wealth categories, the highest Shannon diversity index was recorded in rich and the lowest was in poor class category. Similarly, the highest species evenness was recorded in rich wealth category. However, there was no significant difference among rich and medium wealth categories for species richness. The study also revealed that age, land hold size, education status is the cause for species diversity in addition to the wealth status in the study area. Older respondents had significantly higher species richness and diversity than youngsters. It has been also found that almost all (100%) of the sampled households harvest and use at least four types of home garden products for various purposes. Lacks of management practices were the factors which puts the species diversity in question in the study area.

Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to determine dry and humid periods according to the cumulative probability method at different time scales. . In this study, the rainfall data between the years of 1980-2018 belonging to of Kayseri Meteorology Station was simulated by CLIGEN stochastic climatic data generator. SPI indices calculated by using observed and simulated precipitation were evaluated with the statistical methods at the time scales of 3-, 6-, 9- and 12- months. The SPI values of 3-, 6-, 9- and 12- month which are observed and simulated with CLIGEN are close to each other and the performance of the model is very high in calculating the SPI values of these time series. However, as the time period increased, the model's representative ability decreased.

Bu araştırma, bazı yonca çeşitlerinin çimlenme döneminde farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarına gösterdiği tepkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2019 yılı Mart ayında Sakarya Üniversitesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü laboratuvarında yürütülmüştür. Bitki materyali olarak; Azurre, Delta, Emiliano, Emiliano (kaplamalı), La Bella Campagnola ve Neptune çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada altı farklı tuz konsantrasyonu seviyesi (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol) uygulanmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde 2 faktör ve 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada; çimlenme yüzdesi, sapçık uzunluğu, kökçük uzunluğu, tuza tolerans indeksi, yaş sapçık ağırlığı, yaş kökçük ağırlığı, kuru sapçık ağırlığı, kuru kökçük ağırlığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, tuz konsantrasyonlarının incelenen tüm özellikler üzerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede etki ettiğini göstermiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonu arttıkça tüm özelliklerde elde edilen değerlerin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında incelenen özellikler açısından, Emiliano kaplamalı çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha toleranslı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonunun 50 mmol’dan daha fazlasının, incelenen özellikleri önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkilediği ve en düşük değerlerin 200 mmol dozunda ortaya çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Çeşit ×Tuz konsantrasyonu etkileşimleri incelendiğinde; tuz tolerans indeksi en yüksek değerler Emiliano kaplamalı × 50 mmol etkileşiminde tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile tuzluluk problemi ile karşı karşıya kalınan topraklarda Yonca tarımında Emiliano çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha toleranslı olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

The study was conducted in a herd (n: 244) in which goats (n: 206) and sheep (n:38) had a history of brucellosis in Bursa which is located in Northwestern of Turkey between the years 2012-2014. For the detection of Brucella spp. and the other zoonotic bacterial agents, semen samples were taken from Saanen goats (n: 35) and rams (n: 8). Samples were tested by routine diagnostic procedures and PCR. The serum samples of male animals were also tested for Brucellosis by C-ELISA and I-ELISA. The culture results represented Trueperella pyogenes (n:2), Pasteurella pneumotopica (n: 5), Esherichia coli (n: 3), Aeromonas salmonicida subs. Salmonicida (1), Brevundimonas vesicularis (n: 2) and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium (n: 1) and Mycoplasma arginini (n: 1) from semen samples. Rams had no symptoms due to epididymitis or epididymoorchitis in clinical examination, but two bucks showed orchitis and they were serologically positive for brucellosis. Also, one seronegative buck showed epididymitis in a flock. There were no statistically significant differences between the serologically positive and negative animals in an examination of semen samples in terms of their volume, concentration, mass activity, motility and defectivity rate for acrosome. Although 20 of the serum samples were negative for anti-Brucella antibody, 23 of them were serologically positive for brucellosis. As a result of this study, Brucellae were not detected by bacteriologically and molecularly while there were some positive serum samples for brucellosis. This could be attributed that these samples might have been collected from chronically infected animals in which animals generally do not shed the organisms. Therefore, it was thought that sampling with regular intervals might help for the definitive incidence of brucellosis.

Bu çalışma İkizcetepeler Barajı tabanından alınan yüzey çökeli ve karot örneklerinde organik karbon konsantrasyonlarının zamansal ve mekansal değişimlerini saptamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Organik karbon sulak alanlarda belirli bir miktarın üzerinde bulunduğunda kirliliğe yol açmakta ve ortamdaki çözünmüş oksijeni azaltarak diğer canlıların yaşamını risk altına sokmaktadır. Bu nedenle sulak alanlardaki organik karbon miktarının zamansal ve mekansal dağılışının tespit edilmesi son derece önemlidir. Çalışma kapsamında toplanan yüzey ve karot örneklerinde titrasyon yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler Arc – Map 10.5 yazılımı kullanılarak mekansal dağılış haritası ve zamansal dağılış grafiklerine dönüştürülmüştür. Elde edilen tüm bulgular değerlendirildiğinde organik karbon miktarının Kille Çayı, Koca Çay ve Çınarlı Dere ağzı ile eski yerleşim yerlerinin bulunduğu örneklem noktalarında en yüksek değerlere ulaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Zamansal dağılışa göre en yüksek değerler 5 – 10 cm dilimleri arasında tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum organik karbonun Bağırsak Dere dışındaki akarsular tarafından havza içerisinden taşınarak baraja deşarj edildiğini ve deşarjın son yıllarda maksimum düzeye çıkarak günümüzde azalma eğilimine geçtiğini göstermektedir. İkizcetepeler Baraj Gölü çevresinde gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları, mevcut literatür verileri ve analitik prosedürlerden elde edilen verilere göre barajda organik karbon kökenli kirliliğe rastlanmamıştır.

Bu çalışma; ultrasonik banyo ve benmari yöntemleri ile ısıl işlem uygulanan kristalize katı ve sıvı polifloral çiçek ile pamuk ballarının yaklaşık 1 yıl oda ısısında depolama şartlarında rekristalizasyon-kristalizasyon oluşumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yerel arıcılardan temin edilen kristaize katı ve sıvı bal örneklerine 25°C ve 50°C sıcaklıkta 2 saat süre ile ultrasonik banyo ve benmari ısıl işlemleri uygulananmıştır. Herhangi bir işlem uygulanmayan bal örnekleri karşılaştırma amaçlı kontrol gurubu olarak kullanılmıştır. Ultrasonik ısı uygulaması yapılan ballarda ortalama kristallenme oranı %8,75 iken benmari yöntemiyle ısıl işlem uygulanan gruplardaki ballarda ortalama kristallenme oranı %31,25 olarak bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubunda ise ortalama kristallenme oranı %90 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak uygulanan ısıl işlemlerin kristallenmeye etkileri arasında önemli farklılıklar bulunmuş ve balların kristallenmemesi için 2 saat süreyle 50°C ultrasonik banyo yönteminin etkili bir uygulama olacağı belirlenmiştir.

Ethanol, chloroform and hexane extracts from plants namely Urtica dioica L., Mentha piperita, Thyme serpyllum and Chenopodium album L. were evaluated for their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial efficiencies. The antioxidant activities were screened utilizing DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity, CUPRAC activity and total antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial activity of the tested extracts was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. U. dioica and C. album extracts showed varying activities against the test bacteria. The hexane extracts of T. serpyllum and C. album showed the weakest copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) activity. 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity of the solvents are increased in the following order: Ethanol>Chloroform>Hexane. Our results revealed that all of the tested plants might be an alternative to synthetic antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

Chemical quality analysis results of 5 surface and 30 groundwater resources commonly used in agricultural irrigation in Manisa province were evaluated and the possible effects on soil, plant and drip irrigation system were determined. In this context, the cation (Ca, Mg, Na, K), anion (CO3, HCO3, CI, SO4), Fe, B contents, pH and electrical conductivity values of the water resources as well as the Percentage Sodium, Sodium Adsorption Ratio and the Adjusted Sodium Adsorption Ratio determined by the calculation Permanent Sodium Carbonate, Langelier Saturation Index, Potential Salinity, Permeability Index and Hardness parameters were used. The results indicated that the potential of problem of surface water resources is higher than that of ground water. Salihli-Köseali, Necati bey farms and Alaşehir-Kasaplı underground water resources are used more serious problems than other underground water resources. According to the type of problem that may occur, recommendations were made on measures including washing, salt-resistant plant growing, addition of organic matter and natural Ca sources and the application of dilute acid.

In this study, fish consumption preferences of the families living in the district of Almus in Tokat province and the factors that are effective in choosing them were investigated. In the scope of the study, the data obtained from face-to-face interviews with households were used. In the study, consumers prefer which of the alternatives of rainbow trout (Oncahorynchus myciss), carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) and spring fish (Silurus glanis) consumed most of the fish species found in Almus Dam Lake, and the importance level of consumer preference in this choice. the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was determined by the AHS method. Criteria consist of price, nutritional value, taste, freshness, bone condition, sold place, habit, hunting, aquaculture. It has been determined that the most attention is paid to the freshness (0.175) in the direction of the findings and that the criteria of taste (0.136), sold place (0.133) and food value (0.122) follow. In the preference of fish consumption, Rainbow Trout criterion was given priority with 48% points. İt is aimed to determine the importance level of the criteria that are effective in consumers ‘preference of fish consumption in the direction of obtained findings and to be a guide for fish farmers and sellers.