Denizlerin sürdürülebilirliği, iklim değişikliği, kirlilik ve aşırı avlanma gibi nedenlerle ciddi tehdit altındadır. Bu durum balık popülasyonlarının hızla tükenerek ekosistemin tahribatına neden olmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, deniz ekosistemini olumsuz etkileyen avcılık yöntemlerini ve yetiştiricilik faaliyetlerini ortaya koyarak sürdürülebilirliğe olan etkilerini tespit etmektir. Çalışma sonucunda balıkçılık sektörünün doğaya birçok zararı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunların başlıcaları açık sularda avcılığın neden olduğu aşırı avlanma ve denizlerde meydana gelen kirlenmedir. İç sularda ve kıyılarda yapılan yetiştiricilikten kaynaklı sorunların başlıcaları girdi artıklarından kaynaklı kirlilik, dip kısımlarda oksijen tüketiminin neden olduğu tahribat, ölü balık artıkları ve görsel kirliliktir. Günümüzde insan faktörünün yer aldığı faaliyetlerde, özellikle ticari kaygının ön planda olduğu yapılanmalar, doğayı ve ekosistemi tahribatta cömert olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla politika yapıcıların, tüm dünya insanlarının ortak mirası olan denizlerin korunmasında sert ve ciddi önlemler almasında yarar görülmektedir.

Nearly all of the apricot varieties grown in Malatya are dried apricots and the plantation areas in this region are expanding daily. Due to the impact of climate change, producers are growing apricots mostly under limited irrigation or even dry conditions. Therefore, it is essential to determine the drought resistance characteristics of the varieties commonly cultivated in this region. In this study, different irrigation levels of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of available water were applied to Hacıhalioğlu, Kabaaşı, Çataloğlu, Hasanbey and Soğancı apricot varieties. To evaluate the resistance of the varieties to drought stress and its relationship with physiological changes, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total sugar, total starch and abscisic acid contents in the leaves were analyzed. A decrease in chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total starch values and an increase in total sugar and ABA values were determined due to the decrease in irrigation rates. In Kabaasi and Hasanbey varieties, which were observed as the most resistant to water shortage, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, total starch values were higher and total sugar content was lower at decreased irrigation levels. No difference was detected between varieties in ABA values. As a result of the observations in the drought resistance tests and physiological analyses, it was concluded that the most resistant varieties were Kabaasi and Hasanbey. Unfortunately, the most sensitive variety was the most widespread Hacihaliloglu. In addition, analyzing and evaluating the physiological changes occurring in apricot under drought stress will be useful in developing the most appropriate irrigation strategies for each variety and increasing water use efficiency. It may also be useful in cross-breeding studies to develop new drought-resistant varieties.

The utilization of Nigella sativa L., commonly known as black cumin, in traditional and medicinal practices is well-documented, attributing to its wide-ranging biological activities. Given its significance, this study explores the efficacy of various seed priming treatments (control, distilled water, potassium humate, and gibberellic acid) under laboratory and field conditions to enhance the early growth stages of Nigella sativa L. Priming treatments aimed to improve germination rates, plant height, and other growth parameters, potentially translating into increased agricultural productivity. According to results plant height ranged from 52.38 to 58.91 cm, number of branches between 3.76 and 3.98 (branch plant-1). The number of capsules varied from 4.93 to 6.81 (capsule plant-1),  capsule seed weight was between 0.19 and 0.22 (gram capsule-1 ), and the thousand-seed weight ranged from 2.26 to 2.39 grams. The germination rate ranged from 78% to 93%, germination index 4.22-5.83 and mean germination time was observed from 4.27 to 4.82 days. Our findings reveal significant effects of priming on germination parameters and  plant height, this offering insights into the potential of these treatments to optimize crop growth. However, the transition of these benefits to field conditions, particularly yield-related parameters, appeared limited, suggesting the complex nature of growth enhancement strategies and their implications for agricultural practices.

Buğday özellikle insanların beslenmesinde büyük rol üstlenmiştir. Yetiştirilmesi son derece zahmetsiz olsada yapılan araştırmalar, iklim değişikliğinden buğdayında olumsuz etkileneceğini ortaya koymuştur. Anadolu’da buğday ekili alanlarda verim ve kaliteyi arttırmak için gübreleme yapılmaktadır. Gübreleme yapılırken uygulanan miktara, uygulama zamanına ve gübre türüne dikkat edilmesi gerekir. Kontrolsüz yapılan gübreleme toprağa ve çevreye zarar vermektedir. Toprağı verimsiz hale getirirken, atmosferede sera gazı salınımına neden olacaktır. Bu durum ise buğday üretiminde ki karbon ayak izinin artmasına neden olacaktır. Yaptığımız bu çalışma da buğday üretimi yapılırken çiftçiler tarafından kullanılan gübrelerin, kullanım miktarına bağlı olarak ürettiği karbon ayak izini hesapladık.

For protein evaluation of feedstuffs for ruminants, the Streptomyces griseus protease test offers a purely enzymatic approach to estimate ruminal protein degradation. This study was conducted to determine the enzymatic crude protein (CP) degradability of alfalfa, sainfoin, and common vetch hays, which are commonly used in ruminant nutrition. To estimate CP degradation, fifteen samples from each type of hay were incubated in vitro with a commercial protease extracted from Streptomyces griseus. The incubation was carried out for 1, 4, 24, and 48 hours in a borate-phosphate buffer at pH 8. Significant differences in CP degradability values were found among all three types of hay across all incubation periods. For all incubation periods, sainfoin had the lowest CP degradability values (P < 0.05), due to its high content of cell wall components and condensed tannins (CTs). For incubation periods longer than 1 hour, common vetch had the highest CP degradability values, followed by alfalfa and sainfoin, respectively (P < 0.05). As a result, the use of the protease enzyme extracted from Streptomyces griseus was confirmed as an effective method for estimating the CP degradability of selected legume forages in the laboratory, eliminating the need for animal testing. However, since plant proteins are often embedded within carbohydrate complexes, it is recommended that future tests consider the combined use of protease and carbohydrase, particularly for sainfoin, which is rich in cell wall components and condensed tannins.

The growth and mortality parameters were examined for the annular seabream Diplodus annularis collected from the Didim coast, Southern Aegean Sea. A total of 654 annular seabream individuals, 263 female (40.21%) and 391 male (59.79%), were sampled by commercial trawlers and gillnets from September 2022 to January 2024. The total length varied between 9.0 and 24.3 cm for females, 8.6 and 24.0 cm for males, and the weight varied between 8.60 and 146.57 g for females, 7.00 and 128.96 g for males. The length-weight relationships were calculated for females, males, and all individuals as W = 0.0115 x L2.9641, W = 0.0131 x L2.8995, and W = 0.0118 x L2.9440, respectively. The growth pattern was determined as negative allometric. The maximum age class was V for both females and males. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 25.27 cm, k = 0.424 year-1, t0 = -0.308 years for females; L∞ = 25.63 cm, k = 0.338 year-1, t0 = -0.935 years for males; L∞ = 27.43 cm, k = 0.283 year-1, t0 = -1.121 years for all individuals. The growth performance index (Φ´) for females, males, and all individuals were 2.432, 2.347, and 2.329, respectively. This study provides the first information on the growth and mortality parameters of D. annularis along the Didim coast, southern Aegean Sea.

This research aimed to examine the impact of resveratrol and catalase on the motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity of Ankara buck semen following freeze-thawed process. In this study, semen samples obtained from four mature bucks were divided into four groups: control (C), resveratrol 500 µM/ml (R), catalase 50 IU/ml (CAT), and resveratrol 500 µM/ml + catalase 50 IU/ml (CATR). After dilution with Tris/egg yolk extender, the semen samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and then thawed for assessment. The CATR group gave the highest values across all evaluated parameters (motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity) compared to the other groups (61 ± 1.0%, 72.6 ± 0.70%, 70.73 ± 0.67%, 60.9 ± 0.79%, respectively) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the combination of catalase and resveratrol significantly improved the quality of buck semen after freeze-thawed process, thereby contributing to enhanced reproductive outcomes and genetic preservation.

This study investigated the effects of different plant protein sources incorporated into feed concentrates on the live weight gain and feed conversion ratio of Morkaraman lambs by days 28, 42 and 56 of fattening, and presents a cost-benefit analysis. The study animals included 24 male Morkaraman lambs with a mean age of 9 months, which were assigned to 3 study groups. The dietary plant protein sources provided to the animals were soybean meal and safflower meal in Group I, wheat gluten in Group II, and corn gluten in Group III. The total feed intake values (kg) of Group I, Group II and Group III were 40.75±1.08, 39.18±0.88, and 37.67±0.62, respectively, during the period between days 0-28 of fattening; 62.77±1.67, 60.14±0.96, and 57.54±1.28, respectively, during the period between days 0-42 of fattening; and 83.31±1.89, 77.79±1.43, and 75.97±1.67, respectively, during the period between days 0-56 of fattening (p<0.05). The live weight gain values (kg) of Group I, Group II and Group III during the period between days 0-56 of fattening were 14.82±0.84, 11.97±0.51, and 13.71±0.91, respectively (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was observed not to have a statistically significant effect on production yields (p>0.05). In conclusion, while the highest income from live weight gain during the period between days 0-56 of fattening was achieved with the use of soybean meal and safflower meal as dietary plant protein sources, the lowest fattening cost was achieved with the use of corn gluten.

Bu çalışmada, tahıl depolaması amacıyla farklı sac kalınlıkları ve destek elemanlarına sahip 85 adet silo modeli oluşturulmuştur. Silo boyutları,1500×3000 mm sac tabakalar kesilmeksizin kullanılarak çapı 4,77 metre ve yüksekliği (çatı hariç) 10,5 olarak belirlenmiş ve araştırma süresince sabit tutulmuştur. Çalışmanın temel amacı, çelik siloların maliyetinin büyük kısmını oluşturan yapı malzemesini azaltarak maliyeti düşürmek için optimizasyon yapmaktır. Oluşturulan modeller için kaynaklanabilirlik, işlenebilirlik ve maliyet yönünden uygun malzeme olarak St44 yapı çeliği seçilmiştir. Silonun stabilitesini artırmak ve olası yapısal sorunları minimize etmek amacıyla, NPU ve lama destek elemanları tasarıma dahil edilmiştir. Oluşturulan silo modellerinin yapısal analizleri ANSYS sonlu elemanlar yazılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. ANSYS yazılımı kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde, her bir silo modeli için statik yükleme koşulları altında oluşan toplam deformasyon, gerinim ve gerilme değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, her bir tasarımın toplam ağırlığı da değerlendirilmiştir. Bu analizler sonucunda elde edilen veriler karşılaştırılarak, en uygun performans ve maliyet dengesini sağlayan optimum silo tasarımı belirlenmiştir. İmalat sırasında sac kalınlığını artırmadan, yeterli destek elemanlarının kullanılması ile genel ağırlığın %58 oranında azaltılabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgu, imalat sırasında malzeme maliyetlerini önemli ölçüde düşürmekte ve yapısal performansı koruyarak ekonomik bir çözüm sunmaktadır.

The increase in the volume of foreign trade between Türkiye and MERCOSUR countries in recent years has an important potential. The fact that these countries are economically similar further increases the mutual foreign trade potential. These trade relations are important in terms of economic cooperation and are expected to strengthen the economic interests of countries over time. Both Türkiye and MERCOSUR countries have a high potential in terms of production and foreign trade in agricultural and livestock products. Of course, the fact that countries are members of the World Trade Organization has increased free foreign trade in these sectors. Therefore, in this study, the level of foreign trade specialization in the agriculture and livestock sector after Türkiye and MERCOSUR countries became a member of the World Trade Organization was analysed. In this study covering the years 1995-2022; Net Trade, Export-Import Ratio, Lafay and Michaely indices were used. The findings show that the highest specialization is in Argentina and the lowest in Paraguay. In addition, Türkiye and Brazil have an advantage in numerically similar product groups. Türkiye needs to increase productivity in agriculture to increase the level of specialization in foreign trade.