Fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora is a destructive bacterial pathogen mainly on pears, apples and quinces from Rosaceae family. In this study, it was aimed determination of total protein amounts in different apple cultivars (Braeburn, Fuji, Gala and Golden), pear cultivars (Santa Maria and Williams) and quince cultivars (Eşme and Ekmek) in the infections of two virulent E. amylovora strains (Ea234-1 and Ea240-3) according as the time. It was taken leaf samples after leaf inoculation with E. amylovora (108 CFU ml-1) at 24th, 36th and 72nd hours. For verification of the infections, re-isolations were made from bacteria inoculated plants and the agent was identified as E. amylovora by biochemical, physiological and molecular tests. In determining the amounts of total protein and in the SDS-PAGE analyses were used Bradford and Laemmli methods, respectively, and absorbance values of protein extracts derived from the leaf samples taken, were obtained at 595 nm wavelength. According to the findings obtained; after infection of E. amylovora in the apple varieties comparing to controls, total protein concentrations at 24th hours increased and a decrease in the amount of 36th to 72nd hours and Braeburn has the highest protein content was determined. In the pear varieties, while total protein concentrations at 24th and 36th hours increased, a decrease in the amount of 72nd hour, and Santa Maria variety has the highest protein content was detected. In the quince varieties, total protein concentrations at 72th hour increased and Eşme variety has the highest protein content was identified. As a result of SDS-PAGE analysis, protein fractions which have different molecular weights were obtained. The protein bands were defined approximately 55-70 kDa and 35-55 kDa molecule weight on apple and quince varieties, respectively and also approx. 55-70 kDa in pear varieties.

Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is becoming a disease of high economic impact, affecting all types of important citrus crops. In this study, the potential antibacterial activity of ten organic and inorganic salts on X. citri subsp. citri and on citrus canker disease development was evaluated. Among the salt compounds, copper, iron and zinc inorganic salts particularly zinc (with the highest diameter of inhibition, the lowest MIC and MBC values and the highest bacterial growth inhibitory effect) had direct antibacterial activity and strongly reduced the development of canker disease and bacterial population of lime plants.

Meat and meat products are the basic building blocks of nutrition and are recognized as good sources of high biological value proteins, group B vitamins, minerals as well as some other bioactive compounds. The trend today is the development of novel food for special health use, called functional food, to promote human health and well-being of consumers. The trends are based on either reducing the content of unhealthy substances (like salt) or improving the content of substances with healthy benefits (like probiotics). Thus, it may also change the perspective of consumers towards meat products which associated with coronary artery disease. Meat is an ideal structure for probiotic microorganisms. Probiotic meat products are obtained by addition of probiotic to fermented meat products. These probiotic meat products are offered both healthy and improved taste and flavor, but also as safe food to consumer. Thus, when these probiotic meat products ensure flavor and nutritional to consumers, additionally they have a positive impact on their health.

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the consumption of fruit mineral water by households living in the urban areas in Beypazari. The main material of the study consisted of data collected through a questionnaire from 240 households. The study also aimed to reveal the features of the households and the preferences, tastes and thoughts of the households affecting the consumption. Binary Logit Regression method was employed to determine the factors affecting the fruit mineral water consumption. Seven variables affecting the likelihood of fruit mineral water consumption were identified based on the regression analysis employed. The companies in food industry are expected to increase the number of their consumers while they are determining their strategies to raise income rates or while they are increasing the current potential through studies aiming women and young people.

In this study, the abundance and distribution of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) eggs and larvae in İzmir Bay were examined in 2013. For this aim, seasonally obtained the plankton samples from 11 stations identified in the bay. Anchovy eggs and larvae were obtained all seasons except winter. As a result, total 6889 eggs/m², 3231 larvae/m² were obtained. The minimum and maximum diameters of anchovy eggs; in short exis 0.49 to 0.56 mm (average 0.51±0.43), in long axist 1.09 to 1.30 mm (average 1.21±0.006). Minimum and maximum larvae length is 2.28-9.8 mm.

Known as active oxygen Ozone (O3), are among the most effective antimicrobials. The sun's ultraviolet rays and ozone caused by electric arcs of lightning occurring instantly around the world, and is available as a protective shield protects the animals against the effects of the sun's radiation. In the food industry, directly or indirectly in contact with food during processing of foods and chemical treatment of water disinfection bacteriological emerges as an alternative protection method. In this study, the effects of the ozone applications will evaluated as an alternative to conventional disinfectants in food industry.

This study was to carried out to determine of promosing almond genotypes in Altunhisar county of Niğde province in 2013. 280 genotypes in terms of nut size, suture opening of the shell, shell thickness, softness of the shell, kernel color intensity, shriveling of kernel, kernel pubescence, kernel taste, percentage of double kernel, percentage of sound kernel, nut weight, shell thickness, nut length, nut width, nut thickness, nut shape, marking of outer shell, shell color, kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, kernel thickness, kernel ratio, kernel size, percentages of twin kernels, width indice and thickness indice were examined. The genotyips had more than 0.70 g kernel weight and %25 kernel rate were taken for evaluation, Total Weight-Ranked Points were calculated with considering genotype quality situations. Nut size, suture opening of the shell, softness of the shell, kernel color, shriveling of kernel, kernel pubescence, kernel taste, percentage of double kernel, percentage of sound kernel etc. characters were used. 15 genotypes (98, 160, 196, 187, 162, 191, 282, 168, 176, 261, 213, 6, 112, 147, 241 ) taken highest points were selected as promosing genotypes. Selected genotypes had 2.37 (no 187) – 3.80 (no 241) g nut weight; 0.71 (no 187) – 1.0 (no 241) g kernel weight; %25.17 (no 162) - 29.97 (no 6) kernel ratio; 1.96 (no 282) – 3.29 (no 162) mm shell thickness; %0.00 – 19.00 percentage of double kernel; %0.00 – 5.00 percentage of twin kernel. It was found that in terms of softness of the shell,15 genotype was very hard; in terms of kernel weight, 14 genotypes were small and 1 genotype was medium; in terms of kernel taste, 12 genotypes were sweet and 3 genotypes were intermediate; in terms of kernel pubescence, 6 genotypes were intermediate, 9 genotypes were low; in terms of color intensity, 8 genotypes were intermediate light and 1 genotype was light and 6 genotypes were dark. In the begining of vegetation in 2014, in promosing genotypes, phenological observations will be taken and in the end of the second year of the research, superior genotypes will be determined.

Distance from the highway to the effect of heavy metal accumulation in bee products in order to investigate in this study; four different apiaries which have four km interval have been established from Tokat-Turhal highway side towards the north. Each station of a total 9 of 36 units bee colonies were placed. Honey, pollen and propolis samples were taken from these colonies in the months of April-July in 2009. The obtained samples (copper, zinc, iron, cadmium, chromium, lead and heavy metals such as manganese) content were investigated. According to the distance from the highway in honey samples averages of zinc, iron, chromium and manganese, there was no statistical difference between averages, while averages of copper, cadmium and lead were found significant differences between the averages. In the pollen samples, averages of zinc, iron, cadmium, chromium and manganese indicated no statistical difference between the averages, while, averages of copper and lead were found to be statistically significant. İn the Propolis samples, averages of copper, zinc, iron, chromium, lead and manganese determined no statistical difference between the averages, significant differences were detected between the averages of cadmium. Cadmium accumulation in the maximum occurs at the edge of the highway, the maximum accumulation of other metals have been seen in other stations When considering, due to traffic only metal cadmium at a level that considered as important in bee products be said to constitute pollution.

Saffron, the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus, is extremely appreciated for its extraordinary color, taste and aroma. At the present time, nearly all the saffron harvest and post harvest processes are carried out manually. To increase the quality and development of economic role of saffron, it is essential to go beyond the traditional method of harvest of saffron. Considering that saffron components terminal velocities are different, a separator is planned and constructed to separate stigma from other parts of saffron flower. This separator is designed on the basis of aerodynamic and physical properties of saffron flower. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of a saffron separator for different air flows to increase the level of automation and efficiency of post-harvest operations. The results show that the maximum stigma separation happens when the air flow speed in outlet B is 3 m/s. finally, this data will be applied to find the optimum areas of outlet B and D, as two main parameters which have significant effect on the efficiency of saffron separator.

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most widely grown edible legume species in the world. Its acreage is 28.8 million hectares and production is 23.1 million tons. It ranks third among legume crops after chickpea and lentil with acreage of 93.174 hectare and production of 200.000 tons in Turkey. TR71 Region covers the provinces of Kırıkkale, Aksaray, Niğde, Nevşehir and Kırşehir. In this study, current situation of common bean agriculture is discussed. TR71 Region which has 12.6% of cultivation area and 13.8% of production of common bean in Turkey and seed yield is 234 kg da-1 in TR71 region. Niğde which had the first rank in terms of cultivation area and as well as production amount in the common bean, constituted 38.16% of cultivation area and 45.90% production amount. Becoming widespread of common bean cultivation in fallow fields will make great profits to as well as farmers in the region and as well as country's economy in TR71 Region of Turkey which is about 30% of arable land.