Farmland consolidation is defined as the aggregation of farm lands that are fragmented and dispersed in agricultural sector with the aim of increasing their size for efficiency. The aim of study is to determine the effects of land consolidation practice and its impact on farmer satisfaction levels. Farmer satisfaction analysis was conducted on farmers which have land consolidation practice areas in different regions in Turkey. The data was obtained to be conducted from 1349 farmer interviews in 10 provinces by survey in 2015, and it was based on Likert scale that measured farmer satisfaction level. The data which is used in this analysis was tested by reliability analysis, and the results were obtained via factor analysis and logistic regression. It was found that has positive opinion on land consolidation over 87 percent of farmers, and also was recommended these practices to other farmers. Moreover, the results showed that the important ones from effective factors on farmer satisfaction can be listed as follows: cost reduction, decreasing conflicts between farmers, irrigation and drainage efficiencies, having confidence in technical staff, and facilitating agricultural works.

This research was conducted to determine the viticulture potential of Şırnak province. In the 6 districts including the provincial centre, an evaluation was made in terms of characteristics such as viticulture technique, cultivated varieties, pruning and cultivation forms, soil tillage, fertilization, disease and pest control and product usage methods. In addition, the climate and soil characteristics of the region were evaluated, and the viticulture profile of the province was revealed. As a result of the research, it was found that viticulture is essentially an important branch of agriculture in the province, especially in the province of Idil, but there is a decrease in the vineyard areas due to lack of care, terrorism etc. It is determined the tall of the existing vineyards are indigenous, as the climate structure is suitable for viticulture in general, high temperature and drought prevails in summer, excessive stoniness in some vineyards areas and water stress in most regions.

The health and vitality of callus growth is one of the prerequisites for the success of further in vitro studies. This study investigated the efficiency of different percentage (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of vermicompost tea as an organic substance on in vitro callus growth in sainfoin. Morpho-physiological responses of calli to vermicompost tea measured under in vitro conditions. As a result of this investigation, a combination of plant growth regulators (4 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA) with 20% of vermicompost tea causing significant callus initiation and growth in sainfoin stem explants. Under the light of these scientific findings, vermicompost tea might be used as an organic bio stimulant for efficient callus growth and complementary to commercial chemical hormones in sainfoin. This research is important due to it can contribute positively to the plant species that are difficult in terms of callus growth and plant regeneration in tissue culture.

Consumption of fermented products rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity and anti-carcinogenic compounds is growing into a key strategy to fortify antioxidant defense system. Cabbage products produced by lactic-acid fermentation are chosen via their special microbiota. Considering these special medical properties of fermented-cabbage products as pickled cabbage, sauerkraut and kimchi were produced and evaluated. The data demonstrated that pickled cabbage (109.89±4.74 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) and its brine (208.14±17.29 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) exhibited the highest vitamin C content, followed by kimchi (77.42±2.87 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.). The highest total phenolic content was detected in kimchi and sauerkraut with 869.64±70.16 and 438.257±25.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight (f.w.), respectively. 50% of the scavenging effect (EC50) values of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) in kimchi 14.6 mg/ml, followed by sauerkraut (15.52 mg/ml) and pickled cabbage (18.88 mg/ml). Results demonstrated that fermented cabbage products have a great potential with content of bioactive compounds, high antioxidant features promising high beneficial impacts.

Ethanol, chloroform and hexane extracts from plants namely Urtica dioica L., Mentha piperita, Thyme serpyllum and Chenopodium album L. were evaluated for their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial efficiencies. The antioxidant activities were screened utilizing DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity, CUPRAC activity and total antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial activity of the tested extracts was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. U. dioica and C. album extracts showed varying activities against the test bacteria. The hexane extracts of T. serpyllum and C. album showed the weakest copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) activity. 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity of the solvents are increased in the following order: Ethanol>Chloroform>Hexane. Our results revealed that all of the tested plants might be an alternative to synthetic antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

Main aim of this study was to determine the effects of different salt contents (75 mM, 150 mM and 225 mM NaCl), heavy metal (0.2 mg/L FeCl3, NiCl2, ZnCl2), lime (2 mg/L CaCO3), drought (50%) and pollution (0.2 mg/L dust of factories) on photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, the ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Siyez wheat (Triticum monococcum L.). All experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions with 16 hour-day and 8 hour-night photoperiod in an incubator at 23 ± 1°C. Results showed that mean chlorophyll-a concentration was highest in the siyez seedlings treated with the pollution, while both mean chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll concentrations were highest with 75 mM salt application. Mean total carotenoid was, however, highest with the drought treatment and mean relative water content was highest with NiCl2 application. Mean MDA and H2O2 contents were found to be highest in the siyez seedlings treated with 225 mM salt, whereas they were lowest with NiCl2 treatment. Mean proline content was highest with the NiCl2 treatment compared to the lowest concentration in the control siyez seedlings (82 µmol/g). Mean APX, CAT and GPOX activities were noted to be highest in the siyez seedlings treated with NiCl2. In general, the siyez seedlings showed high tolerance to the pollution, NiCl2 and drought with having highest photosynthetic pigments, proline, protein content and enzymes activities. Among all treatments, 225 mM NaCl and CaCO3 negatively influenced chemical compounds of the siyez seedling. When all data are taken into consideration, it can be said that higher photosynthetic pigments, proline contents, antioxidant enzymes activities and lower MDA and H2O2 levels play an important role in the resistance of siyez seedlings against abiotic stress conditions.

The present study was conducted to investigate the vegetative propagation of Sansevieria trifasciata under ex vitro conditions. The experiment was conducted at the net house to select the best leaf segment among apical, middle and bottom portions of leaves and also to evaluate their performance in different potting media. Leaf segments were taken from apical, middle and bottom portions and planted in soil: compost at 1:0, soil: compost at 1:1 and soil: compost at 1:2 ratios. After 90 days, number of shoots per cutting (>1cm), number of shoot buds (

In this study, variation of some chemical components such as anthocyanin, β-carotene, lycopene, phenolic, nitrate, soluble protein, proline, glucose, sucrose and total carbohydrate level ad PAL activity in some wild and cultivated edible mushrooms was examined. For this, four different mushroom species (Agaricus campestris L., Cantharellus cibarius Fr., Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., Lactarius piperatus L. Pers) were supplied from local market, named Kuzeykent Semt Bazaar, in Kastamonu province of Turkey. Mushroom samples were collected from Araç, Daday, Devrekani and Tosya locations of Kastamonu. According to findings, the highest anthocyanin value and PAL activity were obtained from A. campestris collected from Arac location with 0.107 mg g-1 and 6.99 EU, respectively. The amount of β-carotene (2.297 mg g-1) and lycopene (0.644 mg g-1) was the highest in C. cibarius collected from Tosya location, however; proline, soluble protein, nitrate and glucose level were the maximum in A. campestris collected from Devrekani location with 149.61 µmol g-1, 55.49 mg, 159.963 mg g-1 and 29.36 µg g-1, respectively. While total carbohydrate was the highest in H. erinaceus collected from Araç location with 80.97 µg g-1, sucrose concentration was the maximum with 39.22 mg g-1 in H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. As a result, A. campestris collected from Devrekani location exhibited the highest nutrient in terms of chemicals analysed except anthocyanin and it was followed by H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. However, C. cibarius and H. erinaceus collected from Araç location had lower chemical components. It can be said that these mushroom species are valuable and important as major food sources and non-wood products for Kastamonu province.

Field studies were carried out in the localities of different altitudes and vegetation covers in the Hatay province in March-October 2018. Papilio demoleus was caught with insect net in the citrus orchards at Antakya and Reyhanlı. Cornifrons ulceratalis, Macaria alternata and Camptogramma bilineatum were caught mercury vapour light trap and white screen in different localities, at different elevations, in different climatic conditions, plant cover and sutface features in Erzin. Papilio demoleus was caught in the citrus gardens in the province of Hatay Reyhanlı district as a male and a female on 05.09.2018 and in Antakya district on 15.10.2018 as two male and three female individuals. This invasive species is widespread all over the world and has the potential to create substantial threat for citrus orchards in the Mediterranean region and in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in next years. As a result, Papilio demoleus (Papilionidae), Cornifrons ulceratalis (Crambidae), Macaria alternata and Camptogramma bilineatum (Geometridae) are new records for the lepidoptera fauna of Hatay.

Highly digestible high-lysine (HDHL) sorghum-wheat composites have previously been shown to produce better composite dough and bread compared to normal sorghum-wheat composites. This study aimed to test whether improved HDHL lines can provide further enhanced functionality through the effects of transglutaminase (TG) enzyme to improve dough rheological properties. Sorghum-wheat composite doughs were made using HDHL and normal sorghum flours at substitution levels of 10, 20, and 30%, with and without 0.15% TG. Rheological properties of dough were tested using a mechanical spectrometer at 0.05% strain amplitude (within the linear viscoelastic region) over a 0.01- 50 rad/sec frequency range. A more elastic system was observed in HDHL sorghum-wheat composites above 10% substitution levels compared to normal sorghum-wheat composite dough. Addition of TG to HDHL sorghum-wheat composites resulted in a decrease in phase angle values at all substitution level, indicating that TG increased the dough elasticity. However, TG did not change viscoelastic properties of normal sorghum-wheat composites. Bread from HDHL sorghum-wheat composites had significantly higher (P