The quantitative and qualitative analysis of honey components is the object of this study. These analyses are considered a physicochemical and melissopalynological tool that allows the study of some characteristics of honey. The analysis of ten (10) samples of Algerian honey is carried out to determine the pH, water content, electrical conductivity, ash content, acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, proteins, and sugar content. According to the obtained results, the physico-chemical parameters of the studied honeys comply with the European and international standards. The pollen spectrum indicated the presence of 23 plant families, mainly Fabaceae, encompassing a total of 65 honey species visited by foragers. Of the 10 honeys sampled and analyzed, six were monofloral, with the remainder showing no apparent dominance of any honey type. The most frequent plant species were eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), Italian sainfoin (Hedysarum coronarium), and chickweed (Lathyrus sp.). Furthermore, the results obtained indicate that all honey (monofloral and polyfloral) showed a high degree of variability in the number of pollen grains.

Fish consumption choices are impacted by the socioeconomic aspects of customers. A field survey was done in 2022 with the purpose of (i) measuring the frequency of fish consumption, (ii) studying the socioeconomic characteristics of customers and their preferences; and (iii) researching the variables impacting the consumption of fish by consumers in the Siraha district. A sample size of 102 individuals was selected randomly from the Siraha district, including the Lahan Municipality, Dhangadhimai Municipality, and Golbazar Municipality, to ensure representation across diverse socio-economic backgrounds. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered to the participants. Respondents (58.8%) overwhelmingly prefer to eat fish more than twice a week, throughout the year or particularly in winter. Rohu (Labeo rohita) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) are the most often eaten fish species. The frequency of fish-consumption shows a strong connection with income level and education level. The stepwise multiple regression model explained 58.1% of the overall variation in fish consumption. The market structure is not sanitary, the price of fresh fish is expensive, and the consumption frequency of customers is impacted, particularly for poor socio-economic groups. boosted by a variety of various legislation, marketing, and advertising methods. In addition, consumers should be dispersed throughout the year rather than exclusively in particular seasons.

Assessments of Soil physical properties and estimation of their associated variability are essential for making site-specific decisions on soil and crop management This study examined the spatial variability of soil hydro-physical properties and variance structure at Sector F1 of the Jibia Irrigation project Katsina State, Nigeria. Grid sampling technique was used to obtain one hundred and forty-four (144) soil samples from 206 ha of land using Google earth. The grids were drawn using Google earth software at intervals of 150 m x 150 m. Surface soil samples (0 - 20 cm) were collected at grid intersection points. The collected soil samples were air-dried and passed through a 2mm sieve, and analyzed using standard laboratory procedures for physical parameters. The ArcGIS software package 10.3 was used to model the variance structure of Sand, Silt, Clay, Bulk density, Particle density, Percent total porosity and Organic Matter (OM). Results obtained revealed that the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 5.724% in particle density to 109% in clay. The Semivariogram showed that the range of spatial dependence varied from 0.342m for (Dry mean weight diameter) to 9.3m (Organic matter) for all measured soil properties. High Spatial dependency ratios were observed for Bulk density, Sand, Silt and clay contents. Particle density exhibited moderate spatial dependency (Nugget to sill ratio 0.25 – 0.75%). Wet Mean weight diameter and organic matter content have a weak spatial dependency. The results indicated that sandy textured soils dominated the greater part of the study area with low to moderate organic matter content. The soils being sandy-dominated has a high infiltration rate and low ability to retain moisture and nutrients were observed as the major characteristics of the soil of the study area.

Field research was commenced in Rukum West on a standing crop of onion during the flowering stage to assess the effectiveness of foliar sprays of micronutrients on the yield of onion seeds (Allium cepa L.) cv. Red Creol. The experiment was carried out using two levels of Zinc (300 ppm and 375 ppm) and two levels of Boron (240 ppm and 360 ppm) in an RCBD design with treatments applied either separately or in combinations, comprising nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were administered before flowering, during flowering, and after flowering at the seed production stage at 15 days intervals. The application of Zinc and Boron increased total seed yield, seed yield per umbel, seed yield per plant, and germination percentage. The highest seed yield per plant, seed yield per umbel, and seed yield per plot were recorded from Treatment 8 (Zn 375ppm + B 360ppm) i.e.  52.8 gm per plant, 6.12 gm per umbel, and 966.67 kg ha-1 respectively. Similarly, Treatment 1 (Zn300ppm) and Treatment 8 (Zn 375ppm + B 360ppm) showed the highest germination percentage (70%), and Treatment 9 (control) showed the lowest (45%). The treatments did not affect the thousand seed weight.

Defining new genetic markers to understand the population structure and genetic basis of cattle breeds, increase production and improve yield quality is of great importance in the field of modern breeding technology. In this study, it was aimed to identify new molecular marker polymorphisms by using DNA sequence analysis method on the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein, Acıd-Labile Subunit (IGFALS) gene, which affects different yield characteristics in cattle. 20 samples from PCR products with various base sizes were randomly chosen for sequence analysis. The study revealed that the IGFALS gene’s first exon region, which is 492 bp long, contains the g.1368491 A/G polymorphism. A 463 bp length region of the second exon was where the g.1369854 -/G insertion was found.

The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient composition and sensory properties of breakfast cereal made from yellow maize and enriched with soybean and groundnut flours. Yellow maize was replaced with groundnut (GF) (15–35%) and soybean flour (SBF) (10–15%) to produce a more nutritionally balanced breakfast cereal. Proximate, mineral, vitamin, and sensory analysis were carried out on the formulated breakfast cereals. The results showed that groundnut and soybean flour supplementation significantly increased the protein content (20.90–23.01%) as compared to the control along with an increase in fat (10.52-11.28%), crude fibre (2.98–3.90%), and ash (1.99–2.60%), while carbohydrate (57.09–52.66%) and energy (406.64–403.79 Kcal) decreased with the incremental addition of SBF and GF. Similarly, calcium (36.16-37.98 mg/100g), magnesium (32.16-37.98 mg/100g), potassium (10.62-12.16 mg/100g), iron (42.21-48.65 mg/100g) and vitamin A (70.07-74.01) g/dl) content of the breakfast cereals also increased significantly with increasing SBF and GF substitution, while a decrease was observed for phosphorus. The highest total score of sensory evaluation was for the control sample (golden morn), which was followed closely by the sample containing 20% GF and 15% SBF. Higher levels of SBF and GF can improve the nutritional value of breakfast cereals.

In this study, limit application rates and different spray nozzle positions effects on coverage rate, drop diameter and amount of tracer residue values were determined of application defoliating agent before machine harvest on cotton plant. Researches were carried on two phases as indoor area trials and laboratory analysis. In these researches, artificial cotton plants were used. Indoor area trials were conducted two different application rates (20 and 40 L da-1) and three different in spray nozzle positions (NP1, NP2 and NP3) by using conventional hollow cone spray nozzle. 27 pieces of sampling area were determined that they were included the two sides of the plant and plant center position of the upper-middle-lower in initiative area on plants. Six initiative areas were determined in order to record efficiency in initiative area on plants. For the purpose of deposition of trace amounts of substances were determined in sampling area; water-sensitive paper is placed on top that included both over the leaves and beneath the leaves in order to detect each filter paper, and drop diameter, rate of coverage. The amount of deposit on areas that were done analysis in laboratory conditions was determined to with spectrophotometer. Drop diameters and coverage rate detection were done analysis on image analysis. According to the results, it is determined that NP3 which is used generally in 40 L da-1 norm provide the best deposition and coverage rate on applications of defoliant, in addition to pesticide reach on leaf beneath in merely this spray nozzle position.

This study, which was carried out in 2014-2015 to determine the agronomic characteristics of some chickpea lines and varieties under Şanlıurfa ecological conditions, was conducted in the experimental trial areas of GAP Agricultural Research Institute. 20 registered chickpea genotypes and 3 control varieties were used in the study, which was established according to the randomized block design with three replications. In the study, phenological traits such as the number of days until flowering after 50% emergence, the number of days until pod tying, the number of days after emergence and vegetation duration and agronomic traits such as plant height, first pod height, days to maturity, one hundred grain weight and yield per decare were examined in chickpea plants. During the study, Ascochyta blight disease controls of chickpea varieties were also carried out depending on the climatic conditions. In the study, the highest grain yield was obtained from Işık (181.65 kg/da) variety and the lowest grain yield was obtained from Uzunlu variety (108.34 kg/da) at Şanlıurfa location. In terms of both growing seasons, the highest average protein analysis values were obtained from Yaşa variety with 25.77% and the lowest from İnci variety wıth22.02%.

Bu çalışmada besinsel lif ve β-glukan yönünden zengin fonksiyonel bir gıda olan yulaf ezmesi ile fenolik maddelerce zengin, yüksek antioksidan içeren yaban mersini kurusu çikolatada katkı olarak kullanılmıştır. Yaban mersini kurusu ve yulaf ezmesi 1:1 oranında karıştırılarak elde edilen karışım sütlü kuvertür çikolataya %10, 20, 30, 40, 50 oranlarında ilave edilmiş ve kalorisi düşük ve sağlıklı bir ürün elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hazırlanan katkılı çikolata örneklerinin nem, kül, karbonhidrat, yağ, protein, selüloz, şeker ve enerji değerleri saptanmış ve örneklerin genel görünüş ve genel kabul edilebilirlik özellikleri duyusal olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kuvertür çikolataya eklenen yulaf ezmesi ve yaban mersini kurusu karışımı örneklerinin nem değeri (%0,35-4,90), kül içeriği (%2,24-1,43), karbonhidrat değeri (%55,82-66,57), yağ miktarı (%33,20-20,05), protein miktarı (%8,49-7,09), selüloz miktarı (1,03-1,90), şeker miktarı (%39,30-46,87) ve enerji değerleri (%467,57-550,86) olarak belirlenmiştir. Duyusal analiz sonuçlarına göre ise yulaf ezmesi ve yaban mersini kurusu karışımının çikolatadaki miktarı arttıkça tercih edilme oranının azaldığı görülmüştür.

Bu çalışma ile günümüzde ısınma amaçlı ve mobilyacılıkta dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılan fındık kabuğunun organik bir materyal olan biyokömüre dönüştürülerek, farklı topraklarda yetiştirilen buğday bitkisinin rizosfer bölgesindeki mikrobiyal aktivite üzerine etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Sera şartlarında, kumlu killi-tın ve kumlu-tınlı tekstüre sahip iki farklı toprağa 0, 10 ve 20 ton/ha biyokömür ilave edilerek buğday bitkisinin rizosfer bölgesindeki biyolojik özellikleri (mikrobiyal biomass-C, CO2-üretimi, üreaz, asit fosfataz ve alkalin fosfataz aktiviteleri) üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre üreaz enzim aktivitesi her iki tekstürde de 10 ton/ha dozu ile etkili olurken, asit ve alkalin fosfataz enzim aktivitesi kumlu-tın tekstürde10 ton/ha dozunda, kumlu-tın bünyede ise 20 ton/ha uygulamasında daha etkili bulunmuştur. CO2 üretimi ve mikrobiyal biyomass-C değerlerinde ise sırası ile 10 ton/ha ve 20 ton/ha dozları öne çıkmıştır.