Bu çalışmada, Doğu Akdeniz Tarım Havzasında bazalt, serpantin ve kireçtaşı ana materyalleri üzerinde oluşmuş topraklarda gidya (% 0, 1, 2, 4) ve azot (0, 70, 140 ve 210 mg kg-1) uygulamalarının kırmızı biber bitkisi ve farklı toprak çeşitleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, vejetatif gelişim bakımından gidya uygulamalarında bitki ağırlıklarındaki artış istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Ancak, gidya uygulamalarının meyve verimi üzerine önemli bir etkisi gözlemlenmemiştir. Diğer yandan, 140 mg kg-1 ve 210 mg kg-1 azot dozlarında bitki ve meyve ağırlıklarında önemli oranda artışlar görülmüştür. Farklı topraklarda yetiştirilen kırmızı biber bitkilerindeki morfolojik değişimler bakımından en yüksek bitki boyu ve en yüksek bitki ağırlığı bazaltik topraklarda, en yüksek meyve ağırlığı serpantinli topraklarda ve en yüksek meyve sayısı kireçli topraklarda yetişen bitkilerde ölçülmüştür.

This study was evaluated the quality properties of traditional drink sherbets that are prepared from black mulberry and blueberry fruits. After production sherbets were investigated to determine their pH, acidity, °brix and colour values, total sugar, phenolic, anthocyanin and antioxidant contents. Moreover the sherbets stored at 4°C during 2 months and the changes in these quality properties were examined per month. As a result statistically significant changes were observed in the quality properties of these sherbets of black mulberry and blueberry fruits which are known with their rich content of phytochemical compounds. The results show that in blueberry sherbet the degradation of phenolics was faster than black mulberry sherbet. Anthocyanins that are higher in black mulberry sherbets after production were preserved better in blueberry sherbets at the end of 2nd month. L*and a* values decreased for blackberry and blueberry sherbets during storage. b* value decreased from 5.59 to 4.92 for blackberry sherbet while it increased from 0.62 to 0.79 for blueberry sherbet at the end of the storage time.

Maize is a very important cereal all over the world and generally cultivated in irrigated agricultural areas. Salinity affects adversely maize productivity in these areas. Maize is known as a salt sensitive species. The salt tolerance level identification in the large genetic resources and breeding populations is an important research topic for solving the salinity problem. The effects of NaCl stress on germination and seedling growth of fifteen maize genotypes were investigated in this study. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl were settled 0 (distilled water), 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dS m-1. This investigation was performed as factorial arrangement of completely randomized design with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that genotypes, salinity levels and interaction between genotype x salinity were significant for all the investigated treatments emergence index (EI), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), and salt tolerance indexes (STI). Results also revealed that the highest reduction in emergence index (59.7%) were obtained in the highest level (12 dS m-1) of salinity. The results further revealed that the cultivars named DKC 6589, PR31G98, and PR31A34 were the most tolerant genotypes than the others under NaCI stress.

The research was conducted with the aim of determining the social and economic factors which are effective on the adoption of new technologies at dairy farms in the province of Konya. The data used in the research was obtained on a volunteer basis by questionnaire technique from 128 dairy farms determined with stratified sampling method that is one of random sampling method. 51.56% of enterprises investigated were high innovators and 48.44% of enterprises were low innovators. In conclusion, it was determined that the milk yield, enterprise income, education of enterpriser, family size, number of animals, existence of land, case of receiving services of consultancy and frequency of using mass media tools made positive contributions to adoption of innovations by enterprises in the research field. But the training level decreased as the age of enterpriser increased in the research field. This case retards the adoption process of innovations and deescalates the use of new technologies in the enterprises. The young farmers come to the forefront in the adoption and implementation of innovations.

In this study, the phenological characteristics of some apple varieties grown in the Kalecik district of Ankara province, the number of days between effective heat summation requirements, and phenological phases were determined. The research was conducted on Royal Gala, Granny Smith, Jersey Mac, Spur Golden and Red Chief apple varieties. The threshold temperature of +10°C was accepted as the temperature value for the determination of the heat summation requirements of the varieties. The effective heat summation above +10°C during the growing season of varieties was determined as 819.1-1986.3°C days in 2015 and 865.1-2031.2°C days in 2016. The number of days from full bloom to harvest was 85-75 days in 2015 and 132-219 days in 2016.

In this study, pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), which is usually produced for its seeds, was used for production of whole pumpkin powder directly incorporated into biscuit formation. Fiber, protein and ash content of pumpkin powder are determined 13.4%, 8.5% and 4.7% (dry basis), respectively. Pumpkin powder was added into the dough by means of displacement with the wheat flour at rates of 15%, 30% and 45% during biscuit production. Firmness, work of shear, stickiness and work of adhesion were examined after adding pumpkin flour to biscuit dough at different rates and an increase of firmness, work of shear, stickiness and work of adhesion were recorded as 58.9%, 72.4%, 52.1%, and 29.4%, respectively. A decrease of 24.8% in thickness and 22.7% in volume were observed as the amount of pumpkin flour increases. When the color values were examined, darker biscuits were obtained compared to the control biscuit. Approximately an increase of 232.6% in ash content in biscuits was observed. Biscuits adding pumpkin powder had 58.4% more moisture content than the control biscuit. While decrease of hardness and toughness were observed as 82.3% and 85.4%, respectively, a significantly change of brittleness value was not observed. Biscuits were evaluated in the sensory analysis in terms of crust color, inner color, homogeneity and size of pore, taste, odor, softness, and dissolve in the mouth and greasy feeling in the mouth. According to the results of sensory analysis, biscuits that 45% pumpkin powder was added was the highest rated. According to the study, positive effects were obtained in terms of nutritional properties and favorable results were also found in texture and color of biscuits that pumpkin powder was added. These findings were also supported by the results of sensory analysis.

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is an important mineral nutrient problem that restricts the crop yield especially that of the cereals grown in calcareous soils. This study was carried out with the aim of testing the sensitivity of various cereal species consisting of bread (BDME-10, Bezostaja), durum (Kızıltan Ç-1252) and rye (Aslım) to Zn deficiency. In experiments carried out under greenhouse conditions plants were grown at two different Zn doses (Zn 0 and Zn 5 mg kg-1). When the plants were 44 days old, Zn deficiency symptoms were observed and scored for the severity of Zn deficiency according to 1-5 scale and the plants were harvested. With respect to the severity of Zn deficiency symptoms, the most severe symptoms were observed in the C-1252 (1.0) and Bezostaja (2.0) varieties while the least mild symptoms were observed in varieties of Aslım (4.0) and Kızıltan (3.0). A distinctive increase in shoot dry matter yield has been realized with Zn application which was highest in Ç-1252 (78.8%) and BDME-10 (52.5%) varieties. Greatly differential responses have been seen to Zn deficiency among cereal species and varieties within the same species. Symptomatically and with respect to dry matter yield while durum wheat was affected severely from Zn deficiency, bread wheat was affected moderately and rye has been seen to be affected least. According to the severity of Zn deficiency symptoms and plant growth cereals which are the subject of experiment have shown a rank as as Ç1252> BDME-10> Kızıltan> Bezostaya> Aslım.

This study was conducted to investigate root and shoot traits of wild, ancient and modern wheat genotypes belonging to 8 different species at long tubes under field weather conditions. It was found significant differences between genotypes with regard to root and shoot traits. The research results indicated that root biomass distribution of genotypes at GS 31 ad GS 69, respectively was found 59.2% and 56.3% in 0-30 cm, 76.7% and 71.9% in 0-60 cm. Modern wheats (Çeşit 1252, Konya 2002) and Triticum vavilovii (ancient wheat) had high root biomass distribution in top soil. In the study, species with AABBDD genomes had higher root length than those with AABB, AABBGG and AA genomes. Triticum dicoccoides, Triticum timopheevii and Triticum monococcum had lower values than other genotypes in terms of root length, crown root number, root biomass, shoot biomass and plant height at both growth stages (GS 31 and GS 69), while Triticum vavilovii and Triticum spelta (hexaploid) took part in the front. Accordingly, Triticum vavilovii and Triticum spelta may be used in breeding programs to improve new modern cultivars with high root and shoot traits.

Rapid urbanization in developing countries involves unplanned migration, unemployment and poverty. The steady shrinking of rural areas and the use of agricultural land for other purposes are progressively increasing the pressure on natural resources. This development on the one hand increases the risk to food security, and on the other triggers climate change. The rural population who migrate to the cities or who are absorbed into urban areas continue their agricultural activities in the urban in order to provide themselves with an income or to maintain their food security. In the big cities of the developed world, contact with nature is kept by means of hobby gardens, recreational areas and urban and suburban plant and animal farming, and creative ideas such as roof gardens can be found. This development, known as urban agriculture, is practiced by 800 million people in the world. Urban agriculture has many economic, social and environmental benefits, but it may also have risks and adverse effects. In this study, the developments in this area in Turkey and the world are presented, and all aspects of its effects and outcomes are discussed.

Günümüzde insan ömrünün en az %80’i kapalı mekanlarda geçmekte ve bu kapalı mekanlardaki iç ortam hava kalitesi insanların sağlıklarını ve performanslarını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Özellikle CO2 miktarı belirli seviyelerin üzerine çıktığında baş ağrısı, baş dönmesi, yorgunluk, konsantrasyon bozuklukları, boğaz ve burun tahrişi, burun akıntısı, öksürük ve göz akıntıları gibi pek çok rahatsızlığa sebep olmaktadır. İç ortamdaki CO2 miktarını etkileyen en önemli faktör canlı metabolik faaliyetleridir. Solunumla artan CO2 miktarı fotosentezle azalmaktadır. Dolayısıyla iç mekanlarda bitkiler CO2 miktarını azaltmak amacıyla kullanılabilir. Ancak bitkilerin iç ortamdaki hava kalitesine etkisi konusunda yeterli bilgi bulunmadığından, bitkiler iç ortamdaki CO2 miktarını azaltmak konusunda etkin ve bilinçli bir şekilde kullanılamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada iç mekan süs bitkisi olarak en sık kullanılan bitkilerden birisi olan difenbahyanın (Dieffenbachia amoena Gentil) iç ortamdaki CO2 miktarına etkisinin sıcaklığa bağlı olarak değişiminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda difenbahyanın karanlık ortamda yaptığı solunumun sıcaklığa bağlı olarak önemsiz düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak ışık bulunan ortamda en yüksek etkiyi 23-24℃ sıcaklıklarda gösterdiği, 30°C sıcaklıktaki fotosentez hızının, 20°C dekinden düşük ancak 15°C dekinden daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.