Çalışmanın amacı Denizli kent merkezi ve yakın çevresinde bulunan yeşil alanların yeterliliğinin ve kentin hava kalitesini arttırmaya yönelik sağladığı hizmetlerinin ölçülmesidir. Bu bağlamda çalışma alanı olarak Denizli merkez ilçeleri (Pamukkale ve Merkezefendi) ve kent merkezinde yer alan yeşil alanlar değerlendirme kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Yeşil alanların yeterliliği; alanın erişilebilirliği ve mahallelerin nüfus oranı çerçevesinde irdelenmiştir. Öte yandan yeşil alanların, hava kalitesinin bazı kriterleri üzerinde sağladığı faydalar “i-Tree Canopy” yazılımı aracılığıyla tahmin edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına aktif yeşil alanlardan sadece iki tanesine erişilememektedir. Çalışma alanı sınırları içerisinde bulunan 111 mahalle içerisinde sadece 11 mahallede kişi başına düşen yeşil alan miktarının yeterli sınırın üzerine çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra aktif yeşil alanların yıllık yaklaşık 4.717.371 ton karbon monoksit, 28.032.093 ton Azot Dioksit, 276.147.567 ton ozon, 21.727.132 ton Kükürt Dioksit, 12.564.544 ton PM 2,5, 55.519.883 ton PM10 uzaklaştırdığı, 181.805 ton karbondioksit tutulduğu ve 213.603 ton karbondioksit depolandığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma ile Denizli kent merkezindeki yeşil alanların sosyal açıdan yeterlilikleri değerlendirilirken, kente olan ekolojik ve ekonomik katkıları da ortaya konulmuştur. Yapılan değerlendirmeler mevcut durumu ortaya koyarken kent planlama çalışmalarına da katkı sağlayacaktır.

The aim of this study was to determine the milk quality characteristics of Simmental (SIM) cows of Austrian origin, which have increased the interest of breeders in Türkiye in recent years. For this aim, the milk analysis results of a farm located in Menemen County, İzmir/Türkiye from 2012 to 2021 were used. Milk fat (MF, %), protein (MP, %), lactose (ML, %), total dry matter (TDM, %) contents and somatic cell count (SCC, cell/ml) were determined. In order to determine the current situation, milk samples were taken from the cows (90 heads) in August 2021, and in addition to the above milk components, the solid non-fat (SNF) and freezing point (FP) were determined. The effects of sampling season, calving month, lactation month, sampling season x calving month and sampling season x lactation month interactions were found to be statistically significant for all traits (P<0.05). Parity and calving month effects on Log10SCC were also detected to be statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean MF, MP, ML, TDM, FP and SCC of SIM cattle were 3.71±0.018%, 3.42±0.009%, 4.63±0.009%, 12.49±0.03, -0.535±0.003oC and 5.14±0.01 (138.038 cells/ml), respectively. It was concluded that the milk components of Austrian-origin SIM cattle are not very different from the Holstein-Friesian (HF) breed, however, in the low SCC average for many years, besides the important contribution of the measures taken against mastitis in the farm, the resistance against mastitis may be higher in this genotype. This situation is thought to be the reason why breeders in Türkiye prefer Austrian-origin SIM cattle in addition to high milk yield and carcass weight.

Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. , known as ‘Methnane’ in Algeria, is a widely medicinal plant used in folk medicine. In the present study, In vitro antioxidant activity of T. hirsta extracts and the impact of extraction solvent polarity on the antioxidant potential were investigated. Three types of polar solvents with decreasing polarity were chosen; water for decocted extract, methanol-water at 50% and absolute methanol for macerated extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated and showed a high amount wihch decreases with increasing polarity. Antioxydant activity was assessed with different methods: ABTS assay for evaluation of scavenge activity, CUPRAC and reducing power for assessement of the reduction potential of T. hirsuta areal parts. The results showed that T. hirsuta areal parts exhibited a strong scavenging activity with significant difference between extracts in terms of their polarity. In the same line, the most polar aqueous decocted extract exhibited a considerable reducing activity followed by hydromethanolic and methanolic extract with increasing potential. These findings suggest the suitability of polar solvents for the extraction of phytochemical compounds from T. hirsuta areal parts and so, their antioxidant activity against several radicals and ions.

Our phytochemical study focused on the leaves of Citrus deliciosa of Algerian origin, in order to evaluate its antioxidant activity and its acute toxicity, using scavenger activity of DPPH radicals, ABTS and acute toxicity. The ethanol extract of Citrus deliciosa contains 85.62 ± 2.24 μg /mg dried matter and 3.02 ± 0.17 μg/mg dried matter. The antioxidant activity was confirmed against the DPPH radical (IC50 = 252.07 ± 0.02 μg /mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 398.26 ± 0.01 μg /mL). No mortality or abnormal behavior was observed in mice at oral doses less of 1600 mg/kg. According to the results obtained, Citrus deliciosa leaves exhibit significant antioxidant activity and are safe at levels lower than 1600 mg/kg B.W., which supports their application in phytotherapy, pharmaceutical biotechnology, and the food sector for therapeutic or preventive purposes.

In this study, the reproductive and growth performance of Akkaraman sheep between 2017-2021 were evaluated within the scope of the National Sheep and Goat Breeding Project in the Hand of the Public, which is being carried out in the province of Nigde. In the research, data obtained from 30923 animals in 22 farms in 7 villages in the central district of Nigde province were used. In the study, the effect of year, dam’s age, gender and birth type on birth weight (BW), live weight on day 60 (LW1), live weight on day 120 (LW2), daily live weight gain (DLWG) on day 120 were investigated. The effects of year, dam’s age, gender and birth type on BW, LW1, LW2, DLWG were found to be statistically significant. While the effects of year, dam’s age and gender were found to be statistically effective on SR, the effect of birth type was found to be insignificant. In the study, fertility, fecundity and litter size in Akkaraman lambs were determined as 0.92, 1.03 and 1.13, respectively. As a result, remarkable progress has been achieved in Akkaraman lambs in terms of performance characteristics (LW1, LW2 and DLWG) between 2017 and 2021.

Kuraklık stresi, pek çok kültür bitkisinde olduğu gibi taze fasulye üretimini de sınırlayan başlıca faktörlerden biridir. Son zamanlarda düşük dozda gama ışını uygulamalarının bitki gelişiminin kritik aşamalarında kuraklığın oluşturduğu olumsuz etkinin elemine edilmesinde yardımcı olduğu bazı araştırmacılar tarafından bildirilmiştir. Fakat bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır.  Bu çalışmada farklı gama ışın dozları (0, 25, 50 ve 100 Gy) uygulanan Gina ve Romano taze fasulye çeşitlerinde kısıtlı sulamanın etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Fideler iklim odası koşullarında 23 ± 2°C sıcaklık ve 16:8 ışık:karanlık periyodunda tam sulama [%100 (I1)] ve kısıtlı sulama [%50 (I2)] olacak şekilde iki farklı sulama seviyesinde yetiştirilmişlerdir. Çalışma sonunda gama ışını dozları ile kısıtlı sulamanın sürgün ve kök boyu, yaprak sayısı, sürgün ve kök yaş-kuru ağırlıkları, kök-sürgün oranı gibi fide gelişim parametrelerinin yanı sıra yaprak oransal su içeriği, fotosentetik pigment içeriği, lipid peroksidasyonu ve sürgün besin elementi içeriklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada düşük doz gama uygulamasının kısıtlı sulama koşullarında çeşitlere göre farklı sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. Gama ışın dozları %50 sulamada Gina çeşidinde kök boyunda önemli bir etki yaratırken, Romano çeşidinde 50 ve 100 Gy dozlarının sürgün boyu ile yaş ve kuru ağırlıklarda önemli bir artış sağlamıştır. MDA içeriği her iki çeşitte de su stresinde 50 ve 100 Gy gama ışını ile birlikte önemli miktarda azalmıştır. Düşük doz gama ışını uygulamasının özellikle Romano çeşidinde daha etkili olduğu ve genel olarak 50 ve 100 Gy gama ışın dozlarının kısıtlı sulamada uygulanabilir dozlar olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sweet cherry, which affects consumers’ preferences with its aroma, taste and sensory properties, is a significant fruit species for human health with its bioactive compounds such as organic acids, vitamins and anthocyanins. However, its post-harvest shelf life is very short due to its sensitive fruit structure. Thus, the significant economic losses occur. In the study, effects of pre-harvest Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), Salicylic acid (SA) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) applications on fruit quality characteristics and biochemical content in sweet cherry were determined. SA and PGPR treatments increased fruit size, but AVG decreased (If the fruit weight is 4.51 in the control application, 4.49 in the SA application and 4.10 in the PGPR, how can it be said that SA and PGPR increase the fruit weight).  The fruits treated with SA, AVG and PGPR had higher fruit firmness values than the control’-fruits. Salisylic acid treatmens did not affect the rate of soluble solids content(SSC) in fruit, SSC rate was higher in PGPR treated-fruit, but AVG decreased the SSC. Titratable acidity (TA) was lower in PGPR treated-fruit, but was higher in the AVG and SA treated-fruit. Fruits treated with the SA and AVG had higher fruit color values than control fruits, while the lowest color values was obtained with PGPR treatment. In general; PGPR, SA and AVG were effective in the concentration of organic acids, but their effects varied depending on the organic acid compounds. As a result, AVG and SA delayed fruit ripening and fruit softening while PGPR, AVG and SA improved fruit quality (It is not clear how this idea was reached). These applications can be considered as a promising method for improving fruit quality at harvest and  maintaining post-harvest fruit quality of sweet cherry.

Paucity of knowledge on resistant variety, high yield loss ranging from 32- 57% and dearth of knowledge on management of Alternaria leaf spot has been the major concerns in radish production in the world. Our study will aid in multiplication and standardization of the germane variety of radish resistant to Alternaria leaf spot disease so as to escalate the production, productivity, and the competitiveness in the domestic as well as in the international market. Hence, this experiment was rendered to screen the radish genotypes against Alternaria leaf spot disease in Western Nepal in 2021. Seven genotypes namely Sparkle white F1 hybrid, Korean cross, Palak-patta 35, Pyuthane red, 40 days, Geeta 33, and Mino early were used as the treatment and experiment was laid out in one factorial RCBD design. Each treatment was assigned with 8 plants for observation with 3 replications per treatment. Parameters like days to appearance of disease, incidence of disease on seedling, disease severity (3 scorings), mean score of disease, mean AUDPC and reaction of genotypes were measured during the experiment. Our study unveiled highly significant result for the days to appearance of disease, disease severity, mean score of disease and AUDPC among the genotypes of radish. Alternaria leaf spot first appeared in Pyuthane red (18.33 days) while appeared late in Mino early. Disease severity was found harsh in 40 days at each scoring (57.33, 64.67 and 70.33 respectively); on the contrary severity was minor in Sparkle white at each scoring (26.67, 35 and 44.17 respectively). Similarly, the highest MDS (3.4) and AUDPC (449.8) was found in 40 days, whereas the lowest MDS (1.7) and AUDPC (246.5) was observed in Sparkle white. Ultimately, it is contended that 40 days was found to be moderately susceptible variety while other varieties were found to be moderately resistant.

The purpose of this study was to prepare eight sub-fractions from leaves and flowers of Erica arborea L., characterize their phytochemicals constituents and investigate their potential antioxidant, in order to validate the beneficial medicinal properties of this shrub in Algeria folk medicine. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu’s, aluminum chloride and vanillin reagents, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assay. E. arborea L. contains various compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, anthraquinones, saponins and terpenoids in different sub-fractions. All the tested extracts showed an appreciable total phenolic, flavonoids and condensed tannins contents as well as strong antioxidant capacity. The highest total phenolic and flavonoids content was found in the ethyl acetate extracts ranging from 649.38 to 944.55 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract and 65.31 to 67.15 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry extract, respectively. Whereas, the highest condensed tannins content was found in the crude extract for leaves and aqueous extracts for flowers. The ethyl acetate extract of the flowers and the crude extract of leaves exhibited the better antioxidant activity by DPPH assay (IC50 =17.72 µg/mL) and reducing power assays (IC50 = 2.91 µg/mL), respectively. Our findings indicate that leaves and flowers extracts are rich in natural antioxidant substances and have good qualities in antioxidant properties and may be beneficial against diver’s disorders related to free radicals.

The research was conducted in the year of 2021-2022 in Burera and Musanze District in Northern province as well as Rubavu District in Western Province with the aim of assessing the yield loss in common beans due to anthracnose by using four cultivars with various levels of resistance in field conditions in environment of Northwestern of Rwanda. Randomized complete block design as experiment design was used in this study where each selected cultivar was grown and the yield loss caused by anthracnose was assessed. A level of significance of P<0.05 . In field trials, on the particularly susceptible cultivar Gikundiro 2 particulary showed the maximum harm in terms of incidence and severity in both infection circumstances. The severity of pod infection ranging from 3-9 (0-) resulted in reduction in quantity of seeds which contain a pod ranging from 10.52 % -57.76 % and the loss in weight of seeds per pods ranging from 21.93 % - 68.77 %, both demonstrated a direct impact on seed yield. However, determinate cultivars showed a greater drop in yield (58.5%) than indeterminate cultivars (10.52%) although both were sensitive, based on this research, anthracnose causes economic yield loss on variety Gikundiro 2 and Vuzimpundu.