In this study, bioinformatics analysis of fugu (Fugu rubripes) catalase (cat) gene was performed. Molecular biology science is developing rapidly in parallel with the increasing importance of bioinformatics, thanks to the developed techniques in recent years. In this bioinformatics-based study wich enables the effective identification and characterization of genes in living organisms using online genome databases and statistics and storage, organization and sharing of the ever-increasing genetic data we designed the conserved gene synteny and gene structure and detected the identiy-similarity ratios between fugu and the other telosts and tetrapods. NCBI-GeneBank, EMBL, ENSEML and UNIPROT databases have been used for all these bioinformatics studies. Bioedit and Mega programs were used to perform the analysis and evaluate the data obtained from all these databases. In silico analysis such as the identification and characterization of fugu cat gene, exons-introns organization, phylogenetic tree and gene synteny were completed in this study and presented with tables and figures.

In this study the effects of different sucrose concentrations, and the combinations of jasmonic acid (JA) with auxins (IAA or NAA) or with cytokinin (2iP) on the bulb induction and rooting of in vitro plantlets of Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. chionophyllus Wendelbo, which is endemic in Turkey, were investigated. The effect of four different sucrose concentrations (30, 45, 60 and 90 g L-1) on bulb formation in tissue culture was investigated. These plantlets were cultured on MS medium supplemented with several concentrations and combinations of JA (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 mg L-1) and 2iP (0.0, 0.25 and 0.50 mg L-1), IAA or NAA (0.5, 1.0 mg L-1). In JA- 2iP treatment, the highest number of bulblets (13.7 number/explant) was obtained by the combinations of JA 1.0 mg L-1 + 2iP 0.25 mg L-1. Also, the largest bulblets with the mean diameter of 7.9 mm were found on MS medium supplemented with JA 2.0 mg L-1. In JA – Auxin treatment, the mean root number per bulblet was highest (17.9 number/explant) and root formation rate was maximum (81.14%) on MS medium supplemented with IAA 1.0 mg L-1 + JA 2.0 mg L-1.

This research aims to determine the relationship between yield and yield components of French bean using multivariate statistical techniques. The study was conducted at Horticulture Research Station, Dailekh, Nepal for consecutive three year of 2016-2018. In this study, six French bean genotypes were used. The following measurements and observations were made: germination (%), pod length (cm), pod diameter (mm), individual pod weight and number of seeds pod-1 , number of dry pods plant-1, dry pod yield plant-1 and dry pod yield (t/ha), 100 seed weight (g) and seed yield (t/ha). Highly significant and positive correlation was recorded between seed yield and individual pod weight (r= 0.659***), number of seed pod-1 (r=0.548**) and pod length (0.459*). Conversely, pod diameter showed a negative and non-significant (-0.025) correlation on seed yield. Based on simple regression analysis, linear regression of individual pod weight, number of seed pod-1 and pod length leads to an increase in the seed yield (t/ha) by 0.188, 0.285 and 0.103 units respectively. From the path coefficient analysis maximum positive direct effect on seed yield was recorded by number of seeds pod-1 (0.767) followed by 100 seed weight (0.530) and individual pod weight (0.429). Also, stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that three traits individual pod weight, 100 seed weight and number of dry pod plant-1 account for 68.22% of the total variation in seed yield, while only 31.78% was explained by rest of the variables. Summarizing outcomes of four statistical methods showed that individual pod weight appeared to be the most effective contributor of seed yield followed by the number of seed pod-1, 100 seed weight, and pod length. Therefore, focus should be laid on these characters in future breeding program while selecting genotypes for sub-tropics for improving the seed yield.

Reports have indicated that lipid peroxidation is a key factor in soybean daddawa deterioration and Alliums are rich in antioxidants. The present study was carried out to investigate the preservative abilities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Onion (Allium cepa L) on stored soybean daddawa compared with Sodium Chloride treated samples. Soybean (Glycine max (L). Merr.) seeds fermented into soybean daddawa was preserved with both extracts (at 3, 5 and 7% concentration) and NaCl (at the concentrations of 0, 3 and 5%). The samples stored at 30±2°C for up to 14 days were analyzed for peroxide value (POV), free fatty acid (FFA), pH, titratable acidity (TTA), water absorption capacity (WAC) and fat absorption capacity (FAC). Type of solvent used in extraction did not have significant effect on all the storage indices. Extracts of Onion significantly lowered the POV, FFA and TTA generated in stored soybean daddawa. The pH of stored soybean daddawa samples treated with the NaCl and aqueous extract was not significantly affected while the ethanolic extract significantly reduced the pH from 8.26 – 8.34 to 5.72 – 5.89. The tested extracts lowered the WAC significantly while the FAC of treated soybean daddawa was not significantly affected compared to those treated with NaCl. Results of this study indicate that both extracts of Onion are more effective in lowering peroxidation in stored soybean daddawa and thus could be exploited for soybean daddawa preservation.

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are among the important pests of forest in the world and in Turkey. Pine-feeding bark beetles interact chemically with their host tree via the behavioral, physiological, and biochemical effects of one class of monoterpenes. The half of oleoresin producing by trees such as pines, spruces, firs in the forests is the monoterpene. The monoterpenes occur in the oleoresin and function as behaviorally active kairomones for pine bark beetles and their predators, presenting a classic example of tritrophic chemical communication. The monoterpenes are aggregation pheromones for pine bark beetle. In the control of bark beetles, monoterpenes are used in traps. For example, the monoterpenes are an attractant for bark beetles. Also, Myrcene is used for a synergistic effect in the trap. Monoterpenes can toxic to insects. Limonene is among the most toxic monoterpenes to bark beetles. Also, the interaction is found between monoterpenes and prey of bark beetle. Monoterpenes are enhanced to respond of predatory to the pheromone of bark beetle.

Günümüz koşullarında, hayvancılık işletmelerinin ve işletmecilerin karşılaştığı en büyük sorunlardan biri, işletme kapasitesini büyütmek için nitelikli ve güvenilir iş gücü temini ve bunun getirdiği maliyet sorunlarıdır. Buna paralel olarak yem hazırlama ve dağıtımı ile ilgili iş gücü, zaman ve maliyet sorunları da işletmeler için önem taşımaktadır. Hayvancılıkta yemleme işlemi günlük çalışmalar içerisinde önemli bir yer tutar. Kullanılan yem, bunun sevki ve idaresi hayvan sağlığını ve işletme verimini etkileyen en önemli faktörlerdendir. Bu çalışmada, durumun önemi göz önüne alındığında, yem hazırlama ve yem dağıtım ile ilgili iş gücü, zaman ve sürü yönetimi sorunları için çözüm olabilecek ve ülkemizde kullanımı yaygın olmayan ve henüz tanınmayan yemleme robotu hakkında operasyon bilgileri verilmiş, sürü yönetimi üzerine etkileri belirlenmiş ve geleneksel yem hazırlama ve dağıtma sistemleri ile karşılaştırılması sonucunda iş gücü ve zaman analizleri yapılmıştır. Özellikle yüksek kapasiteli işletmelerde, yemleme robotu aracılığıyla sağlanan otomasyonun klasik sistemler ile karşılaştırıldığında iş gücünden %75 oranında, zaman girdisi konusunda ise 13,75 kat tasarruf olanağı çıkan sonuçların en önemlilerindendir. Bunun yanı sıra modern işletmelerde kullanılan süt sağım robotu gibi diğer otomasyon içeren işler için de bir destek unsuru ve sürü yönetimi olarak bütünleyici bir etkisi olduğu çıkan diğer bir önemli sonuçtur.

That agricultural sector is examined closer from every point of view and is restructured in complied with the requirements of the age has to be structured comes to our face as a reality any longer accepted by every sector of the society. The various developments experienced in the world in the recent years have directly or indirectly affected agricultural sector. In the economy of Turkey, one of the countries attracting attention with its rapidly growing, there are many theoretical studies dealing with the direct or indirect contribution of agricultural sector. However, it is necessary to increase the number of the applied studies introducing the existing situation of the sector and enabling to develop the effective policies for the sector. For, it is highly important for the theories put forward in theoretical framework to be supported by empirical analyses in terms of forming effective policy suggestions. In the study, the three sub-sectors were considered such as the subsectors of cereal, legume, and fruit-vegetable and the existing situation of the sector was analyzed by moving from the macro variables. In order to identify the effects of macroeconomic variables (inflation, exchange rate, interest, monetary supply), selected in the direction of the aim of the study, panel cointegration test was utilized. Setting off from this point, when the analysis made in the study is examined for all sectors, it was identified that the variable affecting the sector the most was interest rate. When the results of panel cointegration test between interest rate and agricultural production were examined, while there was a negative directional relationship between the production of subsector “fruit vegetable” and the variable “interest” as expected, it attracts attention that there was a positive relationship between the subsector of cereal legume and interest in contrast to this.

The aim of study is to investigate; the effect of increasing several doses P application on soil C, N and P concentration in Long term experiment conditions. Tested hypothesis; increasing P doses application increases soil C, N and P concentration, consequently plant yield can increase. The experiment has establish at University of Çukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Research and Application field on Arık soil series from since 1998 until update. Four doses of P applied; such as 0 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P0), 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P50), 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P100) and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1 (P200) with tree replications. Under rain fed condition Adana-99 species wheat (‎Triticum aestivum L.) seeds were sown in November 2017 and harvested at May 2018. Soil samples were taken at different depth (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere part at harvest. Soil P concentrations, organic C (OC), inorganic C (IC), soil total carbon C and N were analyzed. Result shown that there is a statistically difference as P concentration, especially in both depth of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, the best application is P200 compared to the control. As the P dose increased, also soil P content increased linearly. In terms of soil OC content, there was a statistically significant difference at a depth of 15-30 cm in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and, the best practice was got at P200 application compared to control treatment. In addition, due to increasing doses of P application, the mean soil OC, total N and C content increased. The founded results are support our hypothesis.

In sub-Saharan Africa, multiple plant nutrients deficiency besides nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is a major growth-limiting factor for crop production. As a result, some soils become non-responsive for Rhizobium inoculation besides P application. Based on the soil test result, the soil of Experimental sites had low organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S) and zinc (Zn)[xy1]. Hence, an experiment was carried out on-farm at Gondar Zuria woreda in Tsion and Denzaz Kebeles to evaluate the effect of Rhizobium inoculation, S and Zn application on yield, nodulation, N and P uptake of chickpea. The experiment included twelve treatments developed via factorial combination of two level of inoculation (Rhizobium inoculated, un-inoculated), three level of S (0, 15, 30 kg Sulphur ha-1) and two levels of Zn (0, 1.5 kg Zinc ha-1). The treatment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the highest mean nodule number (15.3) and nodule volume (1.3 ml plant-1) over locations were obtained with Rhizobium inoculation integrated with 15 kg S and 1.5 kg Zn ha-1 which resulted in 37.8% and 116.7% increment over the control check, respectively. It was also observed that combined application of Rhizobium and 30 kg S ha-1 caused the highest (6.7) mean nodulation rating and seed yield (1775.5 kg ha-1) over locations which resulted in 86.1% and 28 % increase over the control check, respectively. Moreover, this treatment improved P use efficiency of chickpea. On the bases of observed result, it can be concluded that the response of chickpea to Rhizobium and P application can be improved by S application and Rhizobium inoculation with application of 30 kg S ha-1 with recommended rate of P and starter N is recommended for chickpea production at the experimental locations in Gonder Zuria Woreda.