Grazing activities of indigenous sheep breed of the Turkish breed Karakaş and Koçeri which were transhumance flocks were investigated in a typical unimproved mountainous pasture in the East of Turkey. Data were collected from two different flocks on main daily activities (grazing, resting, moving or standing) every fifteen minutes. The characteristics of the pastures around the routes were assessed according to CORINE Land Cover classification system. Standing was a residual activity in both study paths. The animals concentrated their activity mostly on grazing while resting and moving occurred in specific times during the whole grazing period. Once the animals were heading back to their main settlement areas to be milked, grazing activity have been increased. Further studies on grazing behavior and changes in land cover will help to adjust the management strategies to the available natural resources.

Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) is a multivariate statistic method that is used at the evaluation of sensory analyses in the food industry. GPA provides benefit in terms of decreasing the difference between the panellists and bringing the data obtained from different panellists together. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of a pre-slaughter fasting period on sensory characteristics of lambs fed with different rations using GPA. Semi-trained panellists formed from twenty-six persons were requested for evaluation of the meat samples such as tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall liking rated on a scale of 1(extremely dislike) to 9 (extremely good). The first two factors obtained by GPA explained 66.74% of total variability. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that 12 h and 24 h fasting of lambs fed barley supplemented with alfalfa hay were less preferable when compared to lambs fed alfalfa hay only. In addition, lambs in both groups with 48 h fasting were preferred less by the panellists. In conclusion, GPA analysis provides useful data concerning the sensitivity of each panellist in a sensory panel test.

In this study, it was aimed to determine there and fecundity by adapting crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) obtained from Bafra Fish Lakes (Ulugöl-Samsun) in culture conditions. Crayfish obtained in November 2016 were stocked in tanks and egg and morphometric characteristics of female crayfish with carrying eggs were determined. Correlation analysis were used for the relationship between the determined parameters. The mean total weight and total length of crayfish were 41.79±3.00g, 10.72±0.22cm, respectively whereas the mean number and diameter of eggs were 156.40±33.24 and 2.50±0.12mm. There were positive strong relationship between total length and total weight of crayfish negative relationship was found between egg diameter and total number of eggs, egg diameter and total weight of eggs and egg diameter and number of eggs for per unit of live weight.

Chemical desiccation can advance the sunflower harvest time. Paraquat has been extensively used, but other less risky chemicals, as Carfentrazone and Saflufenacil, can rise as an alternative. Moisture levels of seed, head and the upper portion of stalk are all relevant for mechanical harvesting, but dry-down dynamics of each tissue is unknown. The aim was to study the dry-down dynamics of seed, head and stalk in sunflower genotypes sprayed with Paraquat, Carfentrazone and Saflufenacil after physiological maturity. Seven experiments were carried out in the field in Argentina (from 29 to 39º S) during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The genotypes used included hybrids and female inbred lines of both oil and confectionery types. The dry-down of sunflower plant was accelerated by desiccants with Paraquat, reducing seed and stalk moisture to a greater extent. The head moisture remained very high (>80 and 70%) during several days after application, without differences among desiccants and control. Dynamics of seed, head, and stalk moisture was not associated to vapor pressure deficit or meteorological conditions after chemical application. Loss of green color of leaves was not a reliable indicator of seed dry-down dynamics. Seed germination was not affected by chemical desiccation on either oil-type or confectionery female plants. Under broad conditions of these experiments, the Paraquat was effective for seeds/grains and stalks drying in both sunflowers hybrids and inbred lines. The slowly drying of heads makes it necessary to continue investigating with new doses and combinations of desiccants to ensure an optimal harvest. Desiccants were safe for seed germination, which benefits their usefulness in the seed industry.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a vegetable that is known to be medically beneficial and has been around since the past in the world cuisine. The unique taste and smell of garlic affects its raw consumption negatively. One of the functional uses of garlic, ‘black garlic’ is produced by fermenting white garlic under certain temperature and humidity conditions. Thus, the bitter taste and smell of garlic disappears and also changes occur in its nutritional value. Studies show that black garlic has anticancer, antitumor, antiallergic and antimicrobial effects. It also plays protective and therapeutic role against diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases. This product, which is new for many countries, is not well known and consumed in our country too. In this study, the bioavailability of black garlic was highlighted and information was given about its production and antioxidant activity.

This research was conducted to determine the viticulture potential of Şırnak province. In the 6 districts including the provincial centre, an evaluation was made in terms of characteristics such as viticulture technique, cultivated varieties, pruning and cultivation forms, soil tillage, fertilization, disease and pest control and product usage methods. In addition, the climate and soil characteristics of the region were evaluated, and the viticulture profile of the province was revealed. As a result of the research, it was found that viticulture is essentially an important branch of agriculture in the province, especially in the province of Idil, but there is a decrease in the vineyard areas due to lack of care, terrorism etc. It is determined the tall of the existing vineyards are indigenous, as the climate structure is suitable for viticulture in general, high temperature and drought prevails in summer, excessive stoniness in some vineyards areas and water stress in most regions.

Nowadays, “energy production” and “global climate change and mitigation”, which are in direct relation with each other, are the most important environmental problems waiting for a solution. Renewable and sustainable energy sources provide the most appropriate alternatives for the solution of this problem. In Turkey, one of the important raw material potential of renewable and sustainable energy sources is “Biomass energy”; it is used in biogas production, biofuel production such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biobuthanol and gasification-burning technology. In this study; the potential for agricultural wastes derived from agricultural activities and domestic wastes from Çukurkuyu town of Niğde where the main economic source are agriculture and livestock, were calculated by using incineration technology, which is one of the methods of production of renewable electric energy. In this study, a feasibility study was carried out for the production of renewable electricity from the wastes generated in the town and the potential of renewable electricity generation was determined by the obtained data. Moreover, in this study, fossil fuel balance of the electricity produced from biomass was determined and potential for greenhouse gas emission reduction was determined. Thus, as an alternative to fossil fuels, energy production from renewable sources has been determined both in agricultural waste management.

The study was conducted in a herd (n: 244) in which goats (n: 206) and sheep (n:38) had a history of brucellosis in Bursa which is located in Northwestern of Turkey between the years 2012-2014. For the detection of Brucella spp. and the other zoonotic bacterial agents, semen samples were taken from Saanen goats (n: 35) and rams (n: 8). Samples were tested by routine diagnostic procedures and PCR. The serum samples of male animals were also tested for Brucellosis by C-ELISA and I-ELISA. The culture results represented Trueperella pyogenes (n:2), Pasteurella pneumotopica (n: 5), Esherichia coli (n: 3), Aeromonas salmonicida subs. Salmonicida (1), Brevundimonas vesicularis (n: 2) and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium (n: 1) and Mycoplasma arginini (n: 1) from semen samples. Rams had no symptoms due to epididymitis or epididymoorchitis in clinical examination, but two bucks showed orchitis and they were serologically positive for brucellosis. Also, one seronegative buck showed epididymitis in a flock. There were no statistically significant differences between the serologically positive and negative animals in an examination of semen samples in terms of their volume, concentration, mass activity, motility and defectivity rate for acrosome. Although 20 of the serum samples were negative for anti-Brucella antibody, 23 of them were serologically positive for brucellosis. As a result of this study, Brucellae were not detected by bacteriologically and molecularly while there were some positive serum samples for brucellosis. This could be attributed that these samples might have been collected from chronically infected animals in which animals generally do not shed the organisms. Therefore, it was thought that sampling with regular intervals might help for the definitive incidence of brucellosis.

Cichorieae Lam. & DC., Asteraceae familyasının oymaklarından biridir. Bu oymak tamamen dilsi çiçeklerden oluşan homogam başcık çiçekli ve lateksli üyeleriyle ile karakterize olur. Bu oymak ekonomik öneme sahip Lactuca L. (Marul), Scorzonera L. (Tekesakalı) ve Tragopogon L. (Yemlik) cinslerini içine alır. Bu oymağın üyeleri aynı zamanda halk ilacı olarak da kullanılır. Bayburt Soğanlı, Otlukbeli, Mescit ve Giresun Dağları arasında yer almaktadır. Fitocoğrafik olarak İran-Turan floristik bölgesinin ağaçsız step bölgesine dahildir ve Anadolu Çatalı’nın kuzey ucunda yer almaktadır. Bu fitocoğrafik özelliklerinden dolayı Bayburt zengin bir bitki çeşitliliğine ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Bayburt’un bitki çeşitliliğine katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Örnekler 2010-2017 dönemlerinde Cicerbita Wallr., Lactuca, Scorzonera, Tragopogon ve Prenanthes L. cinsleri üzerine olan farklı projeler kapsamında toplanmış ve Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Biyoloji Bölümü Herbaryumu (KTUB) ile Rize Üniversitesi Biyoloji Bölümü Herbaryumu (RUB)’nda muhafaza edilmektedir. QGIS paket programı kullanılarak toplanan bitki örneklerinin koordinatları Bayburt haritası üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands adlı eserde Bayburt için 4 Lactuca ve 7 Scorzonera, kaydı rapor edilmiştir fakat Tragopogon kaydı yer almamaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada Bayburt ili için 24 (5 Lactuca, 14 Scorzonera ve 5 Tragopogon) takson rapor edilmiştir ve bunların 6’sı Türkiye endemiğidir. Sonuç olarak 13 takson Bayburt için ilk kez bu çalışmada rapor edilmiştir.

The aim of the study was to design the drinking milk profiles according to the factors and their levels effecting on the consumers’ purchase decisions towards drinking milk with the region of origin at the retailer level, and then to determine the market shares (MS) and the consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP). Research data were obtained from 160 households consuming drinking milk in Iğdır province. Conjoint Analysis were used to design drinking milk profiles with the region of origin, and to determine their market shares (MS) and consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP). The result of the study highlighted that the marketing shares of the first three drinking milk profiles maximizing the consumers’ total utilities were calculated as %34, %12 and %10 (card number 7, 6 and 1), respectively. On the other hand, the consumers’ willingness to pay under the origins and price levels of drinking milk were analyzed as %26 for Aegean/Marmara Region, %16 for Northeast Anatolia Region and %12 for Eastern Black Sea Region at the lowest price levels. By having designed drinking milk profiles maximizing the consumers’ total utilities, the marketing share and penetration rates of the products could increase, and the product profiles responded to the consumers’ willingness to pay could also satisfy considerably on their purchase decisions.