This review examines the considerable impact of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) on global agriculture and explores sustainable strategies for managing their detrimental effects. PPNs, including species like Meloidogyne, Globodera and Pratylenchus, contribute to significant crop losses each year by attacking plant roots and disrupting nutrient uptake. While traditional chemical nematicides are effective, their environmental risks have led to growing interest in integrated pest management approaches. These strategies encompass the use of biocontrol agents, crop rotation, alternative nematicides and the development of nematode-resistant crops. Advances in biotechnology, such as genome editing and nanonematicides present new opportunities for more targeted nematode control with reduced chemical input. Additionally, innovations in diagnostic tools, such as PCR and remote sensing technologies allow for the efficient detection and quantification of nematodes in the field. However, the widespread adoption of these sustainable practices faces economic challenges particularly in the Global South, where high initial costs and delayed returns hinder implementation. To address these obstacles, collaboration among researchers, farmers, and policymakers is essential to ensure equitable access to advanced nematode management strategies. Ongoing research into new nematicidal compounds and improved methods is crucial for promoting sustainable agriculture and maintaining food security in the face of escalating PPN-related threats.

Bu çalışmada sulama amaçlı inşa edilen Gündoğan Göleti'nin su kalitesini belirlemek için 5 farklı istasyondan 12 ay boyunca aylık olarak elde edilen su örneklerinde 14 parametre verisi elde edilmiştir. Verilerin basit bir şekilde yorumlanması için indeksler ve istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre göletin yıllık ortalama su kalitesinin WHO ve SWQR'a göre I sınıf, çok iyi kalitede su olarak belirlenmiştir. Su kalitesi sulama suyu açısından incelendiğinde EC, SAR, %Na ve RSC değerleri sırasıyla [326,66]; [1,42]; [%33,17] ve [-4,67] olarak bulunmuş olup bu değerler literatürde belirtilen değerler arasında yer almaktadır. USSL su tuzluluğu sınıflandırma tablosuna göre su sınıfı C2-S1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen metal içeriğine göre hesaplanan ağır metal indeksi ile gölet suyunun kirlilik düzeyi düşük olarak tespit edilmiştir. Cl- parametresi ise orta seviyede zarar oluşturabilecek sınıfında bulunmuştur.

A threshold survey was conducted at five upazillas of Barishal district in Bangladesh namely Babuganj, Barishal Sadar, Banaripara, Agaljhara and Gouronodi to know the socioeconomic status of respondents, flock structure, feeding strategy, production performances and management practices of indigenous chicken. Primary data were collected and analyzed through descriptive statistics by using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Women were highly engaged (75.68%) in rearing indigenous chicken than male (24.32%). Average age of respondents in the study area was 35.32 year. Occupations of respondents were 69.52% housewife, 12.74% agriculture, 9.24% business, 4.84% students, and 1.82% day laborer. Educational qualification mainly primary (50.24%), high school (33.16%), college (3.62%), university (1.22%) and illiterate (11.14%). Average number of flock size was 24.05, where cocks 172, hens 4.26, pullets 4.04 and chicks were 15.89. The mean body weights of cocks were 1.40 kg, hens 1.33kg, and chicks were 24.91g. Egg production per bird per clutch was 13.07 and clutch number per year was 3.55. Rearing system of indigenous chicken was 75% semi intensive, 13.2% free range and 11.9 % intensive. Poultry houses were made by bamboo, wood, tin (22.5%), concrete, tin (19.5%), wood, net (51.9%), wire net, and tin (6.3%). About 31.3% respondents kept only chicken in the house and 68.8% used to kept bird miscellaneously. Highest percentages (90%) of farmers have facilities to utilized scavengable feed resources base (SFRB) around the surroundings. About 23.15% framers supplied commercial feed, 53.8% household grains, 15% hand mixed feed, and 5.6% SFRB where 2.5% supplied no feed to the birds. About 31.28% farmers supplied 50g feed per day. Only 31.9% respondents regularly vaccinate their birds. About 33.1% respondents used antibiotic to their flock. In present findings 73.1% flocks affected with various diseases where 31.9% affected with Newcastle diseases (ND), 36.9% Fowl Cholera and 31.3% with other diseases. Finally it can be concluded that better management practices, feeding strategies, disease control measures can utilize the merit of indigenous chicken.

Bu çalışmada, ‘Nova’ mandarin çeşidinin soğukta muhafazası sırasında bazı biyoaktif bileşiklerde meydana gelen değişimler belirlenmiştir. ‘Nova’ mandarin çeşidi meyvelerinin suda çözününebilir kuru madde (Sçkm) / titreedilebilir asit oranının (TEA) 6.5 ve üzerinde, çeşide özgü meyve kabuk rengini 2/3 oranında aldığı dönemde derim yapılmıştır. Derimi yapılan ‘Nova’ mandarin çeşidi meyveleri, Alata Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsüne ait soğuk hava depo ünitesinde 5 (±0.5)°C ve %85-90 nem oranında 75 gün süresi boyunca depolandı ve depolama sırasında 15 günde bir depodan alınan örnekler analizlenmiştir. Meyve örneklerinde toplam antioksidant, toplam fenol, toplam flavanoid, toplam antosiyanin ve C vitamini analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, muafaza süresince başlangıca göre, toplam fenol, toplam flavanoid toplam antosiyanin ve C vitamininde artış, toplam antioksidant içeriğinde ise azalmalar tespit edilmiştir

Bu çalışma niasin ilave edilmiş rasyonların damızlık bıldırcınlarda üretim performansına, yumurta kalitesine ve kuluçka parametrelerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 12 haftalık yaştaki 80 dişi ve 40 erkek (toplam 120 adet) bıldırcın 0, 20, 40 ve 80 mg/kg niasin ilave edilmiş rasyonlar ile on hafta boyunca yemlenmişlerdir. Her bir muamele grubu, her birinde 6 bıldırcın (2 erkek, 4 dişi) bulunan 5 tekerrürden oluşturulmuştur.  Rasyona niasin ilavesi dişi bıldırcınların ortalama canlı ağırlık değerlerini, yumurta verimini, yem tüketimini, yumurta kalite parametrelerini ve kuluçka parametrelerini etkilememiştir. Rasyona niasin ilavesi ile erkek bıldırcınların canlı ağırlıkları ve canlı ağırlık değişimleri azalmış ve bu azalış 80 mg/kg niasin grubu ile 0 ve 20 mg/kg grupları arasında istatistiki olarak önemli olmuştur. Rasyona niasin ilavesi ile yumurta ağırlığı ve yumurta kitlesi ilavesiz gruba göre önemli derecede artmış, aksine yemden yararlanma oranı önemli derecede düşmüştür.  Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre damızlık bıldırcın rasyonlarına niasin ilavesi yumurta kalite ve kuluçka parametrelerini etkilemeden performansı ve yem değerlendirmeyi iyileştirmede etkili olup, 20 mg/kg seviyesinde niasin ilavesi yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Phytogenic feed additives, such as black pepper meal (BPM), show promise for improving animal health and productivity. However, its application in ruminant nutrition remains underexplored. Thus, a 56-day study was conducted to assess the effect of BPM supplementation on nutrient intake, haematological, and serum biochemical indices in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. A basal diet was formulated and divided into four equal portions. Each portion was supplemented with BPM at 0 (control), 250, 500, and 750 mg and designated as Diet A, B, C and D, respectively. Twenty WAD goats (average liveweight 5.00±0.23 kg) were assigned to the four dietary treatments. Blood samples were collected for haematological while serum harvested were used for serum biochemical analyses. Dietary DM, CP and NFE slightly decreased with increased BPM supplementation. DM intake significantly increased from 312.28±12.09 g/day (Diet A) to 316.88±14.74 g/day (Diet D) (p<0.05).  Crude protein and fiber intake increased slightly. It is noteworthy that supplementation of BPM did not significantly influence the observed haematological parameters (p>0.05). Serum biochemical indices did not follow a particular trend. However, goats fed Diet B had significantly higher total protein (72.00±4.83 g/L) and globulin (34.00±3.09 g/L) compared to other treatments (p<0.05). The study revealed that use of BPM supplementation in goats’ diets may not be essential, however, supplementation up to 750 mg/100 kg (Diet D) may support intake and thus, enhance immune functions, positioning BPM as additive to improve animal’ health without adverse effect.

Türkiye, dünya kayısı üretiminde lider ülke olup, üretiminin önemli kısmı Malatya'da yapılmaktadır. Üretilen kayısının büyük bir kısmı kurutulmakta ve kurutulmuş kayısının yaklaşık %90’ı ihraç edilmektedir. Kayısının farklı yönleri üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Ancak, literatürde incelendiği kadarıyla kayısı fiyat tahmini üzerine bir çalışmaya rastlanmamaktadır. Oysa, geleceğe yönelik fiyat tahmini yapmak, yatırımcıların karar alma süreçlerini desteklemesi açısından önemli bir gereklilik olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kuru kayısı fiyatlarının gelecekteki seyrini tahmin etmek ve piyasa dinamiklerine dair analiz yaparak, sektörün öngörülebilirliğini artırmaktır. Yöntem olarak bağımsız değişkenlerin ekonomik dalgalanmalara karşı duyarlılığını göz önünde bulunduran çoklu doğrusal regresyon seçilmiştir. Ayrıca değişkenlerin yapay sinir ağları ile öğrenme süreçleri gerçekleştirilerek, elde edilen sonuçlar regresyon analizi sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki yöntem de kayısı fiyat tahmininde başarılı sonuçlar sunmuştur. Bağımsız değişkenlerin kayısı fiyatları üzerindeki etkilerinin önemleri benzer belirlenmiştir. Tarımsal girdi fiyat endeksinin kayısı fiyatları üzerinde en büyük etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Daha sonra enflasyon ve ihracat miktarının etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Tarımsal girdi fiyat endeksinin kayısı fiyatları üzerindeki belirleyici rolü göz önüne alındığında, üretim maliyetlerini düşürmeye yönelik önlemler üreticilerin karlılığını artırabilir. Devlet destekli fiyat istikrar mekanizmaları ve taban fiyat politikaları, aşırı dalgalanmaları dengeleyerek üreticileri koruyabilir. Ayrıca, üretici birlikleri ve kooperatifler aracılığıyla pazarlık gücünün artırılması, fiyat dalgalanmalarına karşı bir denge unsuru oluşturabilir.

The objective of this study was to reveal the subclinical mastitis (SM) risk levels present in raw milk samples of cows. Bucket milk samples were collected from Holstein cattle farms in the provinces of Amasya (n = 18), Çorum (n = 26), and Samsun (n = 34) of Türkiye during January-February 2024 according to stratified random sampling. A comparison of analysis methods was conducted by obtaining somatic cell count (SCC), California mastitis test (CMT), and mastitis test card (MTC) data. In order to ascertain the alterations in SM risk levels, it was necessary to convert all test values to risk scores, with a maximum of 100 p. While the study revealed no statistically significant differences in SCC and CMT values across provinces, the lowest mean CMT values were observed in Amasya, while the highest mean CMT values were recorded in Samsun (P<0.05). The mean SM risk level by 100 p (SMRL100) was found to be 35.51 ± 2.383 p. It was concluded that CMT and SCC data were more reliable than MTC in determination of SM in bovine raw milk. In order to achieve a reduction in SMR100 beyond the obtained level, it is recommended that farm owners implement attentive practices with regard to the milking procedure, barn hygiene, and milk storage conditions.

Cold stress is a critical constraint in seedling production during winter, particularly with uncertain climatic conditions. Simple and sustainable technologies for resource-poor farmers are yet to be developed. This research mainly focused on evaluating seedling establishment and performance under different nursery types in spring rice varieties at Parbat, Nepal. The experiment was conducted from February 2022 to April 2022 under PMAMP, Rice Zone, Parbat. The experiment was conducted with a two-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Three levels of nursery types (wet bed, dry bed, and dry bed shallow plastic tunnel) and two types of rice variety (Chaite-5 and local variety) were used as treatments. Rice seeds were sown on Falgun 07, 2078 (Nepali calendar). Results indicated that the dry bed shallow plastic tunnel method significantly improved growth attributes, emergence, and survival rates compared to other nursery types. This improvement may be attributed to the warm and moist conditions maintained inside the polythene cover. The growth parameters (number of expanded leaves, shoot length, and root length) and the emergence rate were statistically similar between wet and dry bed treatments. The local cultivar (Dalle) contained the highest shoot length (13.93cm at 30 DAS) and percentage of survival (71.66%), critical parameters for cold tolerance. Notably, the local Dalle variety under the dry bed shallow plastic tunnel method performed best under the climatic conditions of Parbat. Therefore, improved nursery bed management (shallow plastic tunnel) and the local variety may be recommended for better productivity in Parbat, Nepal.

Grapes are one of the most preferred berries with high nutritional value, delicious and refreshing. In table grapes, taste and aroma and berry size are among the primary reasons for preference. It is known that the seeds in grapes have important effects especially on berry size. In our study, the effects of the number of seeds in Red Globe grape variety berries on seed berry characteristics and quality parameters were examined. It was determined that the majority of the berries in the bunches of Red Globe (83.44%) had 2, 3 and 4 seeds. It was determined that the number of seeds in the berries had important effects on seed characteristics. The length, width and weight of the seeds obtained from the berries with three seeds were lower than the others. Parallel to the increase in the number of seeds in the berries, increases in berry weight, length and width occurred. In addition, the increase in the number of seeds increased berry detachment and skin rupture force. While the increase in the number of seeds improved berry properties, it decreased SSC and increased TA in berries with more than three seeds. In terms of color parameters, chroma and hue values showed significant differences in berries with different numbers of seeds. As a result of the study, it is thought that the formation of three seeds in berries for the Red Globe grape variety is at a more desired level for quality and seed properties compared to other seed numbers. In the light of the results we obtained, it was concluded that determining the seed numbers of the varieties is important in order to determine their effects on berry characteristics and quality parameters in other table seed grape varieties.