In turkey, one of the most important problem of livestock’s production is insufficiency of quality forage crop, but still few forage species are cultivated. On the other hand, conservation of plant genetic resources has become an important problem in the world today. Indeed, biodiversity is an indispensable element of human life, especially food, and it is estimated that 20% of these resources will extinct by 2030. The aim of study was to determine some quality traits of white sweet clover (Melilotus alba Desr.) collected from natural flora of Bilecik province. In this study, plants were collected at the flowering stage and investigated of 17 genotypes. The determined quality traits of genotypes as fallows; crude protein, ADF, NDF, RFV, K, P, Mg, Ca and Ca/P, and these traits were noted as11.99-21.07%, 27.70-40.53%, 43.31-55.84%, 93.44-147.02, 1.300-2.807%, 0.187-0.310%, 0.127-0.350%, 0.490-1.417% and 2.05-5.92%, respectively. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the quality of the white sweet clover genotypes collected from Bilecik natural flora have been sufficient for animal feeding and have a significant potential for future breeding activities.

Bu çalışma, farklı mikoriza türleri aşılaması ile birlikte farklı dozlarda kompost ve fosfat kayacı uygulamalarının sorgum bitkisinin gelişimi ve besin elementleri alımına olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Denemede kompost dozları 0, 20, 40 g kompost/kg toprak, fosfat kayacı dozları 0, 2, 4 g fosfat kayacı/kg toprak olarak uygulanmış, mikoriza türleri olarak; Funnelformis mosseae, F. caledonius, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, doğal ve kokteyl (karışım) kullanılmıştır. Hasat sonunda kök ve kök üstü aksam kuru madde üretimleri, fosfor (P) ve çinko (Zn) konsantrasyonları ve mikorizal kök infeksiyonu analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, mikoriza aşılaması sorgum bitkisinin kök ve kök üstü aksam kuru madde üretimine, P, Zn ve kök infeksiyonuna fosfat kayacı ve kompost uygulamalarına göre daha fazla oranda etki etmiştir. En etkili mikoriza türü olarak F. caledonius ön plana çıkmaktadır. Kompost uygulamalarında 20 ve 40 g/kg toprak doz uygulamaları etkin bulunur iken, fosfat kayacında ise yetiştirme süresinin kısalığı nedeniyle fosfat kayacının yeterince çözünemediği kanısına varılmıştır.

The concept of the university campus and research, taken up the development process of the universities, presented examples from the world and Turkey. Master plans, sustainable master plans and landscape master plans in university campuses were compiled and supported with examples. According to the survey, which examined 20 universities in 16 of the world where the campus master plan, which examined 20 universities in Turkey 12 patients which were put forward in the campus master plan. World in 7 of 10 universities surveyed across the campus landscape master plan that, while Turkey’s 10 universities discussed in general only 2 of the campus landscape master plan was put out to be. Suggestions regarding the necessity of preparing master plan and landscape master plan in university campuses are presented.

In this study, the effects of light stimulation at normal (NLS: 154 days) and early (ELS: 140 days) age on some physiological and reproductive traits in dam and sire broiler pure-lines were carried out during the laying period. The study was conducted with A1, A2, A3, A4 dam lines and B1, B2 sire lines up to 43 weeks of age, whose breeding studies were carried out in Eskişehir Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute. Live weight and feed consumption were determined during the growing period. In the laying period, in addition to these, the first laying age, 50% yield age, egg yield, hatching egg yield and egg weight were determined. The data obtained were evaluated according to light stimulation age and pure-lines by two factor analysis of variance. NLS and ELS treatments did not significantly affect the body weights of the pure-lines at 20, 24 and 43 weeks of age. However, differences were found significant in terms of body weight at 20, 24 and 43 weeks of age in pure-lines. Lines reached the first laying age at 172 days in NLS, and at 165 days of age in ELS. The 50% yield age was realized at 184 d and 176 d of age in parallel with the first laying age. The effects of light stimulation age on egg yield and hatching egg yield were found significant. In NLS treatment all pure-lines, 5 more eggs were produced in egg yield and hatching egg yield. However, differences in egg yield and weight in pure-lines were found significant. The study results showed that the egg production can be increased by first light stimulation at the 20 weeks of age, provided that at least 2 kg live weight is achieved in broiler pure-lines.

In this study, a total of 202 surface (0-20 cm) soils were collected from the lands of the producers who made contractual production with private companies in the villages where tobacco cultivation is intensively carried out in the Erbaa district of Tokat province. Basic soil properties, macro phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) and micro nutrient (Fe), zinc (Zn) copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) concentrations of soil samples were determined. Spatial distributions of clay content, pH, EC, calcium carbonate, macro and micro nutrient concentrations of tobacco growing lands were modeled using geostatistical methods and spatial distributions were mapped. The coordinates of the sampling locations were recorded using a precise GPS. Soils were mostly neutral and slightly alkaline. Neutral soil pH is desired for sustainable tobacco production. Plants may not be able to uptake some of nutrients in soils with moderate alkalinity. In this case, the use of acid character fertilizers is recommended. All of the macro nutrients are at sufficient levels in the tobacco growing lands. Copper and iron concentrations were at sufficient levels in all fields. Plant available manganese was sufficient in almost half of the sampled lands, while it was insufficient in the other half. Available zinc concentration was well below the sufficient level in most of the lands. In order to increase the production to the desired level, fertilizers should be applied based on the plant requirement and soil analysis results. The registration of the soil sampling locations provides an opportunity to create a very useful database for researchers, producers and suppliers who want to understand how the quality of the tobacco growing lands has changed over time.

To be about 65% of Turkey's population under 40 years of age requires to increase employment opportunities for young people and them to be sustainable. Young people are moving away from agriculture due to lack of income, life difficulties in the villages and limited social facilities, fragmentation of the lands or too little, and lack of alternative employment opportunities in the countryside. Youths away from agriculture; it causes problems such as aging and decreasing of rural population. For these reasons, it is necessary to determine the tendency of the young people to stay in agriculture, the factors causing them to stay in agriculture or to leave. The aim of this study is to determine the tendency of the young people between the ages of 18-40 who have benefited from the Young Farmer Grant Support in Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa provinces to stay in agriculture and migrate from rural to urban areas. The stratified sampling method was used in the sample selection. In the selected provinces, 72 farmers who benefited from grant support were interviewed and the data were collected through surveys. The data on the socio-demographic characteristics of the enterprises are presented with various descriptive statistics. According to the results of the study, 88.9% of young farmers stated that they would continue agricultural production. 39% of young farmers tend to migrate from rural to urban areas. One of the most important factors in ensuring sustainability in agriculture is the creation of an entrepreneurial young audience. For this reason, policies need to be developed by decision-makers to encourage youth to stay in agriculture.

Türkiye bitki çeşitliliği bakımından ender ülkeler arasındadır. Bu durumun bir örneği de ülke genelinde tohumdan yetişen ceviz çöğürlerindeki varyasyondur. Bu farklılığın ceviz ıslahında kullanılabilmesi için genetik materyalin ismine doğru olması ve aralarındaki genetik ilişkilerin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Uşak ilinden seleksiyon ile elde edilmiş bazı ceviz genotiplerinde genetik çeşitliliğin moleküler markörler ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 19 adet SRAP markör kombinasyonu kullanılmıştır. Bu markörlerden sayıları 2 ile 18 arasında değişen toplam 171 skorlanabilir bant elde edilmiş olup, bunların %77,2’si polimorfik olarak bulunmuştur. Markörlerden elde edilen bantların baz uzunlukları ise 100-1500 bp arasında değişim göstermiştir. Ceviz genotiplerine ait benzerlik oranı 0,21 – 0,85 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucuna göre SRAP markör sisteminin ceviz genotipleri arasında genetik çeşitliliği belirlemede etkili şekilde kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Propolis is attracting great interest due to functional effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer. Therefore, studies about the use of propolis in food products and increasing propolis consumption in human nutrition have increased in recent years. Propolis contains phenolic compounds, essential oils, aromatic acids and waxes which are responsible for biological effects. Many factors such as plant resources, geographical regions and environmental conditions affect the chemical composition of propolis. Propolis enrichment in food products to improve the nutritional value, quality and functionality of food have been investigated in many studies. Furthermore, it was reported that propolis can meet the demand of consumers about the use of natural food additive in food manufacturing. The aim of the present study was to introduce the physicochemical composition and biological activity of propolis and review the studies about its applications in food products.

In this study, the genetic and non-genetic parameters were estimated for growth traits of Karacabey merino sheep. Growth performance data refer to 1863 lambs born between 2016 and 2018. Analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood fitting animal models and disregarding or including maternal genetic or maternal permanent environmental effect. Six different animal model were fitted for all traits, and the most suitable model for each trait was chosen after Akaike information criterion test (AIC). Year of birth, age of dam, type of birth and lamb sex were significant sources of variation on birth weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), Kleiber ratio (KR), weaning weight (WW) and six month weight (6MW). Direct heritability (h^2) for BW, ADG and 6MW were 0.12, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively, however, for KR and WW were 0.00 model 6 (which the best). The estimates of maternal heritability (m^2) for ADG, KR and WW were 0.12, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively in model 5, also maternal heritability were low for BW and 6MW. Maternal permanent environmental effects (c^2) have high contribution to the explanation growth traits and were estimated between 0.19 and 0.75 for these traits. These results showed that selecting for improved maternal and/or direct effects for Karacabey merino in the herd would generate very slow genetic improvement in growth traits.

Bu çalışma, Konya Ovası Projesi (KOP) Bölgesi’nin 2009-2018 yılları arasındaki tarım alet ve makina varlığı ile tarımsal mekanizasyon özelliklerindeki değişimin saptanması amacıyla ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın materyalini KOP Bölgesi’ndeki illerin 2009-2018 yılları arasındaki tarım alet ve makinaları istatistiksel verileri oluşturmuştur. 2009-2018 yıllarına ait traktör sayısı, traktör güç dağılımı ve tarım alanı değerlerinden yararlanılarak tarımsal mekanizasyon özellikleri ile bu özellikler arası ilişkiler belirlenmiş ve karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalarda; ortalama traktör gücü (kW), birim alana düşen traktör gücü (kW/ha), 1000 hektar tarım alanına düşen traktör sayısı (adet/1000 ha) ve bir traktöre düşen tarım alanı (ha/traktör) kriterleri esas alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, KOP Bölgesi’nin 2009 ve 2018 yılları verileri sırasıyla, ortalama traktör gücü 38,21 kW ve 38,91 kW, birim alana düşen traktör gücü 1,21 kW/ha ve 1,56 kW/ha, 1000 hektar alana düşen traktör sayısı 31,75 adet/1000 ha ve 40,09 adet/1000 ha ve bir traktöre düşen tarım alanı 31,50 ha/traktör ve 24,94 ha/traktör olarak belirlenmiştir.