The aim of this study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic spermatological parameters of the Karayaka rams grown in public hands. Out off-season sperm couldn’t be taken from the rams. During the season, semen was collected from all 2-4 age of Karayaka rams (n = 10). Weight (kg) and circumference of the scrotum (cm) were also recorded. When the collected spermatozoa were examined, it was found that the weight variable correlated only with the pH variable. The correlation coefficient calculated between weight and pH was -0,802 and it was found to be statistically significant. The correlation coefficient, which calculated as 0.680, between the circumference of the scrotum (cm) and mortality (% Dead-Live) shows that one feature increases while the other increases significantly. Viscosity (1-5) was correlated only with mass activity (Mass Activity 0-4), and the degree of this relationship was calculated as -0.655. Variables were not associated with sperm volume (ml), motility (%) and density (109).

In this research, biogenic amine types and quantity of Tulum and Kashar cheeses were determined. In addition, the relationship between biogenic amines and some microbiological-chemical properties of cheese samples were investigated. The contents of tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrecine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine of totally 40 samples (20 of each cheese) were examined. While only one sample of Tulum cheeses had no biogenic amines, different levels of biogenic amines were determined in other samples. No significant relation was confirmed between the biogenic amine quantity and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, enterococci bacteria count, but there was a correlation between some biogenic amine contents and chemical properties which are tyrosine, lactic acid, pH, protein and ripening coefficient. Biogenic amine levels determined in the cheeses found below hazard limit values according to what legal limit.

Cichorieae Lam. & DC., Asteraceae familyasının oymaklarından biridir. Bu oymak tamamen dilsi çiçeklerden oluşan homogam başcık çiçekli ve lateksli üyeleriyle ile karakterize olur. Bu oymak ekonomik öneme sahip Lactuca L. (Marul), Scorzonera L. (Tekesakalı) ve Tragopogon L. (Yemlik) cinslerini içine alır. Bu oymağın üyeleri aynı zamanda halk ilacı olarak da kullanılır. Bayburt Soğanlı, Otlukbeli, Mescit ve Giresun Dağları arasında yer almaktadır. Fitocoğrafik olarak İran-Turan floristik bölgesinin ağaçsız step bölgesine dahildir ve Anadolu Çatalı’nın kuzey ucunda yer almaktadır. Bu fitocoğrafik özelliklerinden dolayı Bayburt zengin bir bitki çeşitliliğine ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Bayburt’un bitki çeşitliliğine katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. Örnekler 2010-2017 dönemlerinde Cicerbita Wallr., Lactuca, Scorzonera, Tragopogon ve Prenanthes L. cinsleri üzerine olan farklı projeler kapsamında toplanmış ve Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Biyoloji Bölümü Herbaryumu (KTUB) ile Rize Üniversitesi Biyoloji Bölümü Herbaryumu (RUB)’nda muhafaza edilmektedir. QGIS paket programı kullanılarak toplanan bitki örneklerinin koordinatları Bayburt haritası üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands adlı eserde Bayburt için 4 Lactuca ve 7 Scorzonera, kaydı rapor edilmiştir fakat Tragopogon kaydı yer almamaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada Bayburt ili için 24 (5 Lactuca, 14 Scorzonera ve 5 Tragopogon) takson rapor edilmiştir ve bunların 6’sı Türkiye endemiğidir. Sonuç olarak 13 takson Bayburt için ilk kez bu çalışmada rapor edilmiştir.

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known as an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain. Recent studies have proved the beneficial effects of GABA on human health. It has been reported that in people who use GABA supplements, the factors affecting the life quality negatively such as psychological problems, insomnia and immune problems have decreased. Studies in this field have shown that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can produce GABA. For this reason, interest in LAB producing GABA is steadily increasing. It is stated that GABA produced by natural LAB has almost no side effects compared to synthetically created ones. It is also suggested that GABA-producing LAB, which is isolated from especially in Far East countries foods, should be used to develop functional foods. More research needs to be done in order to proceed in this newly developing area, and the undiscovered features of GABA need to be investigated. In this review, the importance of GABA is addressed and the studies about GABA are examined.

This study was carried out in 2015-2016 cropping year in Kırklareli ve Edirne locations with 60 oat lines and 4 varieties of commercials (Kırklar, Kahraman, Yeniçeri and Sebat). The experiment was arranged in an alpha lattice experiment design (8 x 8= 64) with three replications. In the research, it was aimed to determine genotypes suitable for the region by examining yield and some quality parameter performances of oat genotypes.The traits such as grain yield (GY), thousand kernel weight (TKW), test weight (TW), plumpness (P, sieved 2.2 mm slotted), husk rate (HR), full grain oat protein (FGOP), starch (S), β-glucan (β-G) and L value (L) content of genotypes were investigated. The variation among oat lines for grain yield was significant and differences for TKW, TW, P, HR, FGOP, S, β-G, and LBV were also determined. The GY, TKW, TW, P, HR, FGOP, S, β-G and LBV of oat lines ranged between 588.3-860.8 (735.0) kg/da, 21.1-44.0 (31.9) g, 49.3-58.9 (54.7) kg/hl, 13.5-93.5 (69.9) %, 12.1-31.1 (23.9) %, 14.9-20.9 (18.1) %, 51.3-60.5 (56.2) %, 3.2-4.7 (4.0) % and 83.6-89.3 (87.1) in Kırklareli and 472.8-90.35 (681.3) kg/da, 23.0-41.3 (32.4) g, 42.9-55.3 (549.2) kg/hl, 22.4-95.8 (74.7) %, 18.3-30.8 (25.0) %, 14.9-20.3 (18.1) %, 53.1-62.8 (57.5) %, 2.9-5.0 (3.9) % and 84.2-89.9 (87.7) in Edirne respectively.The oat lines 14, 16, 19, 43, 3, 48 and Kırklar and Kahraman varieties were hopeful in Kırklareli and the oat lines 16,18,19, 21, 22, 44, 2, 51, 52 and Kahraman variety were hopeful in Edirne location for grain yield and investigated quality parameters. The oat lines 14, 16, 19, 21 and Kahraman variety were suitable in terms of investigated traits in Trakya-Marmara region.

Bu çalışma tohumluk patates yumrularına uygulanan bazı uçucu yağların patateste sürgün gücü ve kök gelişimine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2016 yılında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Agria çeşidine ait dormant durumdaki tohumluk yumrular farklı konsantrasyonlarda (150, 300, 450 ve 600 ppm) İzmir kekiği (Origanum onites L.), biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), dereotu (Anethum graveolens L.), kimyon (Cuminum cyminum L.), rezene (Foeniculum vulgare L.), adaçayı (Salvia officinalis L.) ve çörtük otu (Echinophora tenuifolia L. subsp. sibthorpiana (Guss.)) uçucu yağları ile muamele edilerek kontrollü şartlardaki tohum yataklarına dikilmiştir. Araştırmada dormansi süresi, sürgün uzunluğu, sürgün sayısı, sürgün çapı, sürgün ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu ve kök ağırlığı parametreleri incelenmiştir. Uçucu yağların sürgün gelişimine etkileri değişken olmuş adaçayı, biberiye, dereotu ve çörtük yağları sürgün gelişimini teşvik ederken, İzmir kekiği ve kimyon yağı uygulamaları kök gelişimi üzerine diğer uygulamalardan daha etkili olmuştur. Genel olarak yüksek dozda yapılan uygulamalar sürgün gelişimi olumsuz yönde etkilerken, kök gelişimini teşvik etmiştir. Çalışmada, tohumluk yumrulara dikim öncesi uçucu yağ uygulamalarının sürgün ve kök gelişimini olumlu yönde etkilediği ve bu uygulamaların arazi şartlarında yapılması ile daha sağlıklı ve güçlü bitki tesisi kurulabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu araştırma, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümünde, laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada materyal olarak Balcı ve Dinçer olmak üzere iki aspir çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada çimlenme sıcaklığı olarak 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 ve 36 °C olmak üzere, 4°C derece aralıklı olacak şekilde, toplam 8 farklı sıcaklık uygulamıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, her iki çeşitte de çimlenme oranının uygulanan çimlenme sıcaklıklarından istatistiki anlamda çok önemli düzeyde etkilenmiş olduğu, genel ortalama çimlenme oranının %56,1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çeşitlerin çimlenme oranı Balcı çeşidinde %58,7 ve Dinçer çeşidinde %53,6 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çimlenme sıcaklıklarına göre aspirde çimlenme oranının %35,3 ile %71,7 arasında değiştiği, en yüksek çimlenme oranının 16°C sıcaklıkta elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Çeşit x çimlenme sıcaklığı interaksiyonu bakımından değerlendirildiğinde en yüksek çimlenme oranının %76,2 ile Balcı çeşidinden 16°C çimlenme sıcaklığında elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çimlenme sıcaklığı ile çimlenme oranı arasındaki ilişkiler de çok önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak çimlenme sıcaklığının 16°C’ye kadar arttığında, çimlenme oranının da arttığı ve 16°C’den daha yüksek çimlenme sıcaklıklarda ise çimlenme oranının azaldığı belirlenmiştir.

In the present study, antimicrobial effects of traditional beverages produced from grapes such as traditional grape pickles, grape juice, home-made hardaliye, and commercially produced hardaliye were investigated using microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium NRRL B4420, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-12632, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and L. rhamnosus LGG. In addition, total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteau method, and antioxidant activities of grape products were evaluated using DPPH assay. Results showed that grape containing beverages have antimicrobial effects on S. aureus, E. coli, S. typhimurium and B. cereus at various minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 4.53-150 mg/mL. The lowest MIC value of 4.53 mg/mL was obtained against E. coli for home-made hardaliye. MIC values of the traditional grape pickles were determined as 4.69 mg/mL and 9.38 mg/mL against S.aureus and E.coli, respectively. On the other hand, traditional grape pickles showed weak inhibitory effects against B.cereus with MIC value of 150 mg/mL. The bactericidal effect of these grape products was not detected for any of the test microorganisms however traditional foods produced by using grapes were showed inhibitory effects at different concentrations against tested microorganisms except for probiotics and the yeast. The total phenolic contents of the grape products were within the range of 865.27-2193.08 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L. Free radical scavenging activities of grape samples ranged from 46% to 90% and the grape juice was found to have the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, grape beverages have the potential to act as a antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for use as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant product in the food industry.

This study aimed to detect the fatty acid profile and oxidative stability traits of hazelnuts dried using three different methods: artificial drying (AR), concrete ground (CN), and grass ground (GS) during 12 months of storage (2013–2014) at 20–25°C and 70–90% relative humidity. As expected, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the main fatty acid group (81.75–83.59%) followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (10.20–11.48%) and saturated fatty acids (5.38–6.96%). Samples dried in AR had more MUFA (83.59%) than sun-dried (CN and GS) samples. Following the drying process, the lowest peroxide value (PV) and the highest ratio of oleic-to-linoleic acid (8.27%) were recorded in samples dried in AR. At the end of storage, the PV was lower in samples dried in AR than on CN and GS methods. The results of this research showed that the AR method is the best for drying hazelnut. This research, therefore, recommends the AR method for drying hazelnuts on a commercial scale.

Chemical desiccation can advance the sunflower harvest time. Paraquat has been extensively used, but other less risky chemicals, as Carfentrazone and Saflufenacil, can rise as an alternative. Moisture levels of seed, head and the upper portion of stalk are all relevant for mechanical harvesting, but dry-down dynamics of each tissue is unknown. The aim was to study the dry-down dynamics of seed, head and stalk in sunflower genotypes sprayed with Paraquat, Carfentrazone and Saflufenacil after physiological maturity. Seven experiments were carried out in the field in Argentina (from 29 to 39º S) during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The genotypes used included hybrids and female inbred lines of both oil and confectionery types. The dry-down of sunflower plant was accelerated by desiccants with Paraquat, reducing seed and stalk moisture to a greater extent. The head moisture remained very high (>80 and 70%) during several days after application, without differences among desiccants and control. Dynamics of seed, head, and stalk moisture was not associated to vapor pressure deficit or meteorological conditions after chemical application. Loss of green color of leaves was not a reliable indicator of seed dry-down dynamics. Seed germination was not affected by chemical desiccation on either oil-type or confectionery female plants. Under broad conditions of these experiments, the Paraquat was effective for seeds/grains and stalks drying in both sunflowers hybrids and inbred lines. The slowly drying of heads makes it necessary to continue investigating with new doses and combinations of desiccants to ensure an optimal harvest. Desiccants were safe for seed germination, which benefits their usefulness in the seed industry.