The present study investigated the effects of dietary carob (Ceratonia siliqua) syrup supplementation on growth performance, haematological, serum biochemical and immunological parameters of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain carob syrup at levels of 0%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, and 0.625%. Fish were fed experimental diets for 60 days. There were no particular differences in weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, red blood cell count, haematocrit ratio (%), serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels of fish fed experimental diets. However, dietary carob syrup especially with 1.25% incorporation significantly decreased serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol levels. The dietary carob syrup especially at 1.25% significantly increased the phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, respiratory burst and potential killing activity. In conclusion, findings of the present study indicate that feeding tilapia with a diet containing 1.25% carob syrup over a period of 60 days might be adequate to improve immune parameters and serum biochemical variables without any adverse effect on growth performance and haematological parameters of fish.

Kavunlarda hibrit tohum üretiminde zaman, işgücü ve verim kaybının önüne geçmek için andromonoik ana materyalde erkek kısırlık ya da erkek kısırlığa sebep olacak kimyasal hibridizasyon ajanları (KHA) kullanımı önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada bazı bitki türlerinde KHA olarak kullanılan ABA hormonunun Galia Fı kavun çeşidinde bitki gelişmesi, erkek çiçek oluşumu ve çiçek tozu kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada ABA’nın 250 ve 500 ppm’lik iki dozu, fidelikte (F), serada ilk çiçeklenme döneminde askıya alınmış bitkilerde (İÇ) ve fidelik+ilk çiçeklenme dönemlerinde (F+İÇ) uygulanmıştır. Kontrol uygulamasındaki bitkilere ise sadece su püskürtülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına göre, ABA’nın 500 ppm’lik dozunun F+İÇ ile F uygulamaları bitki gelişimini başlangıçta biraz baskılamış olmakla birlikte, sıcaklıkların yükselmesi ile bu etki ortadan kalkmıştır. ABA uygulamaları erkek çiçeklerin açmasını engellememiş olmakla beraber, erkek çiçek sayısı 500 ppm F+İÇ uygulamasında kontrole göre %62 oranında azalmıştır. Çiçek tozu canlılık ve çimlenmesi üzerine de ABA uygulamalarının kaliteyi arttırıcı bir etkisi olmamakla birlikte, canlılık ve çimlenme oranlarının %95’in üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, it was aimed to identify the change in some micromorphological characters in Prunus laurocerasus L. leaves obtained from 6 different provinces located in the areas where different climate types are dominant, depending on their habitat. In this regard, the leaf samples were collected from Prunus laurocerasus L. individuals in the provinces of Rize, Samsun located in the areas including the European-Siberian, Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean phytogeographical regions. The leaf epidermis images were obtained with the help of SEM on the collected leaf samples, and the required measurement procedures were performed on these images with the help of “Image J” measurement program. By measurements performed on the leaf epidermis surface, Stoma Length (µm), Stoma Width (µm), Pore length (µm), Pore width (µm) and Stoma Density (in an area of 1 mm2) measured such as micromorphological characters. The data obtained were subjected to the Variance analysis and Duncan’s test, and the change in these characters depending on their habitat was statistically evaluated. At the end of the study, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences at the confidence level of minimum 95% among the conditions of the habitat in terms of all characters except for the stomatal width.

The aim of the present study is to compare the crude protein, fat content and fatty acids concentration of snail meat (Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758) obtained from Adana and Sinop Province (including 30 snail meat for both region) in Turkey. They were not statistically significant differences in fatty acid profile between two groups. But, in contrast to previous reports, may be due to geographical variation, the results show that the examined snails demonstrated a high content of fat that is between 3.74% and 4.20%. The analyses also indicated that snail meat from Adana province was richer in protein and fat content than Sinop province. In fatty acid composition for both region, monounsaturated fatty acid fraction (MUFA) was dominant followed by saturated fatty acid (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The ratio of n-3/n-6 and the content of PUFAs were found to be better in Adana province than Sinop. However, for both region, the ratio of PUFA/SFA was lower in H. lucorum than those recommended for nutritional.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the thought of food security provided in dairy products and the determinants in terms of manufacturers in South Marmara Region in Turkey. The primary data obtained from 70 dairy manufacturers were analysed by Factor Analysis and Logistic Regression Analysis. According to this, price fluctuation and increase in the distance from the place where the milk is provided, reasons such as corporatization are factors that cause the lack of food security in dairy products. On the contrary, the likelihood of providing food security in dairy products increases with the increase in financial sustainability, food safety, quantity of milk and dairy products, the ability to produce and store, the number of employees, the degree of milk use.

To examine polyamines (PAs) effect in modulating the drought induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings (variety Khoibhutta, 8 day seedlings grown in petri dish in incubator) were subjected to 20% PEG (polyethylene glycol) followed by 20 µmol PAs, Putrescine (Put), Spermidine (Spd) and Spermine (Spm) with PEG solution for 48 hours. Sharp decrease in Relative Water Content (RWC), Chl a, Chl b, carotenoid (Car) and total pigment content was observed under drought compared to control condition, while PAs application reversed their decreasing trends. PEG significantly increased Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) [superoxide (O2•−) and H2O2], Methyl Glyoxal (MG), Melondialdehyde (MDA) and Lipoxigenase (LOX) activity, while Pas decreased the contents considerably (except MG) as compared to those under drought. Drought increased proline content, which was further augmented in PA treatments. PAs failed to incline glyoxalase’s (Gly-I and Gly-II) activities, reduced under PEG. The activity and western blot confirmed the accumulation of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) under drought, but PAs failed to augment the activity. Ascorbic Acid (AsA) and Glutathione (GSH) got oxidized into Dehydroascorbate (DHA) and oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) under drought but PAs effectively maintained homeostasis. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Monodehydroascorbatereductase (MDHAR), Dehydroascorbatereductase (DHAR), and Glutathione Reductase (GR) inclined in drought stressed seedlings, while Catalase (CAT) activity decreased under drought. PAs addition increased SOD, POD, GPX, CAT, MDHAR, and GR activities, but declined DHAR activity. These findings suggested important role of PAs in increasing tolerance under short term drought by modulating antioxidant effect.

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de üretilen konvansiyonel ve organik çiğ sütlerin bazı fizikokimyasal özellikleri, yağ asitleri kompozisyonu ve antioksidan kapasitesi üzerine çiftlik üretim tipinin (konvansiyonel ve organik) ve süt toplama zamanın etkisinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada organik ve konvansiyonel çiftliklerden bir yıl boyunca iki ayda bir 9’ar adet çiğ süt örnekleri toplanmıştır. Organik ve konvansiyonel olarak üretilen sütlerin yağ asidi kompozisyonu, antioksidan kapasitesi, toplam fenolik madde ve bazı fizikokimyasal özellikleri (kurumadde, yağ, protein, kül, titrasyon asitliği (% laktik asit), pH, özgül ağırlık) incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre konvansiyonel ve organik süt örneklerinin ortalama kurumadde, yağ, protein, kül, özgül ağırlık, asitlik ve pH değerleri sırayısla %12,06-11,97, %3,67-3,50, %3,33-3,34, %0,67-0,66, 1,0381-1,0381 g mL-1, %0,18-0,16 6,67-6,73 olarak belirlenmiştir. Konjuge linoleik asit oranlarının organik sütlerde %1,39 ile %2,87 arasında, konvansiyonel sütlerde %1,67 ile %2,96 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, süt bileşenlerini (kurumadde, yağ, protein ve kül), yağ asidi kompozisyonunu, EC50 ve toplam fenolik madde değerlerinin çiftlik üretim tipinden etkilenmediği ortaya konulmuştur. Diğer taraftan süt yağı, protein, yağ asidi oranları (oleik asit hariç), EC50, inhibisyon ve toplam fenolik madde değerlerinin toplama zamanına bağlı olarak önemli değişimler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.

Increasing human population places pressure on agriculture. To feed this population, two time increase in the current wheat production is needed. Today agriculture is becoming input intensive with more reliance on synthetic fertilizers and agrochemicals to fulfil the feed demand of the growing numbers. Use of synthetic fertilizer since last few years is impacting the soil quality. In this scenario, the use of beneficial endophytic microbes is an attractive strategy to overcome the use of synthetic products. To investigate the effect of consortium application of endophytic bacteria and fungus on plant growth, grain yield moisture status, a pot experiment was conducted in different wheat lines. It comprised four treatments like control, application of bacterial strain Bacillus sp. MN54, fungal strain Trichoderma sp. MN6, and their consortium (Bacillus sp. MN54 + Trichoderma sp. MN6). The effect of consortium application was more prominent and significantly different from the sole application of bacteria and fungus. The results showed that with a consortium application of endophytic bacteria and fungus, there was 28.6, 4.3, -6.3 and -3.7% increases in flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, relative membrane permeability and water content respectively. Consortia of endophytic microbes also resulted in the yield enhancement through the betterment of various yield attributes like number of spikelet’s, grains per spike and grain yield per plant (32.2, 25.8 and 30.8%, respectively). So, consortia of endophytic microbes can greatly promote the progress of plants in dry land agriculture and increase the yield in an environmentally sustainable way.

Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin like Growth Factor-I (IGF1) are members of somototrophine axis pathway. They play a role in key on several mechanisms such as postnatal growth, cell differentiation and metabolism. Due to their vital importance, polymorphisms on the genes coding are worth to be understood. In this study five native cattle breeds (Native Southern Yellow (NSY), South Anatolian Red (SAR), Anatolian Grey (AG), Native Black (NB), East Anatolian Red (EAR) were investigated by PCR-RFLP method for GH-MspI and IGF1-SnaBI loci. 198 and 194 samples were analyzed for GH-MspI and IGF1-SnaBI loci, respectively. In both two loci two alleles and three genotypes were observed. Predominant alleles were A and B for GH-MspI locus IGF1-SnaBI loci, respectively. Frequencies of A and B alleles were calculated between 0.400-0.875 and 0.846-0.903 for GH-MspI locus IGF1-SnaBI loci, respectively. While among investigated population only EAR population was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for IGF1-SnaBI locus, for GH-MspI only, in SAR population no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

The processes involved in the conversion of cassava tuber into various products generate large volumes of wastes in solid, liquid and gaseous forms. These wastes when discharged into the environment have serious environmental impacts on the natural composition and structure of soil. The aim of this research work was to investigate the effects of cassava whey on the physicochemical properties and metal contents of soil samples around Gari facrory at Erinfun Village along Federal Polytechnic road, Ado-Ekiti. The physicochemical parameters determined were the pH, moisture content, loss on ignition, organic matter, water holding capacity, bulk density, particle density, total porosity, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and cyanide (CN). Heavy metals determined were lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe). The presence of cassava whey in the soil led to increasing soil acidity, moisture content, water holding capacity, CN, Cr, Ni, Pb and As concentrations while reductions were observed in total porosity, organic matter, loss on ignition, particle density, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations. The results show appreciable variations of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contents when compared to the control sample.