Nowadays usage of dietary fibers in foods has been increasing duo to revealing of health benefits. Beta-glucans found especially in oats and barley, are polysaccharide and source of water-soluble dietary fiber. Positive effects of beta-glucans like healing coronary-heart disease, lowering blood cholesterol level, balancing blood sugar level and preventing obesity, made beta-glucans widespread functional food components for producing various foods. In addition to beneficial physiological effects of beta-glucans, they texturize, gelatinize, emulsify and stabilize the foods. They increase viscosity, replace fat and enhance rheological properties in cereal, meat and dairy products. They are also used to produce packing material depending on their mechanical properties and molecular weights. In this review, effects of addition of cereal based beta-glucans on technological and functional properties of various foods are revealed based on previous studies.

Water surfaces which have significant importance for the acquisition of a city identity are the facts that lead the development of city, allow recreational activities and create visual and psychological effects on urban residents. This study has been conducted on Asi River coastline as it’s an important zone for Antakya city identity, divides new and old settlement areas and provides various recreational activities. The study conducted within 3 stages between April-July 2012. In the first stage of the study, amount and construction materials of existing outdoor furnitures were revealed. The second stage consists of questionnaire including details about user and usage with questions to determine the user satisfaction. According to the findings, the highest level of user satisfaction was found in bridges by all parameters and the lowest satisfaction level was found in sign/information boards by aesthetic and functional features and waste bins by amount. In this scope, the necessity of integration between city history and cultural values was found to be important so as to increase user satisfaction level from outdoor furniture. In addition, it is thought that this study will contribute to create a database for local governments.

In this study, the soils of which parent material is alluvial and formed Yeşilırmak river terraces were investigated. For this purposes four different profiles were excavated in the study area. Then twenty-seven soil samples were taken from horizons of four profiles and their physical and chemical analyses were done for soil taxonomy research. Profile of Kumocagi and Cakil were classified in subgroup as Typic Ustipsamments, Havaalanı and Mera profiles were classified Typic Haplustolls and Typic Argiustolls subgroups respectively. The pH values of soils varied between 7.38-8.41. These soils can be classified as low and highly basic. Most of the soil series had an irregular pH distribution in the profile. The range of carbonate content of the soils was 0.8-25.4%. Although carbonate content of soils showed a very wide range, majority of them can be classified as highly calcareous. In most of soils carbonate content was distributed irregulary in the profile. Organic matter content were between 0.14-6.11% in the soils. Although organic matter contents of the soils changed in a wide range most of them had low organic matter content. Organic matter content was over 4% in the surface horizon of only two profiles. Research result showed that, alluvial parent material, particle size, topograpy and time have different effect on investigation soils.

In this study, it was aimed to determine reproduction biology of Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) obtained from Ağın and Örencik region of Keban Dam Lake. For this purpose, fish samples were monthly collected during a year and their sexes were determined. The maturation age for female Capoeta trutta caught from Ağın region was determined as 2 while it was 3 for females from Örencik regions. Maturation age was found to be 2 for male C. trutta for all regions. The Gonadosomatic Index Value (GSI) reached to the highest in May for both sexes and reproduction period for the fish was estimated between May and June.

Mastitis is an important disease which causes economic losses in the water buffalo breeding. According to severity, duration and primary, mastitis is generally classified as clinical and subclinical. Because of contamination from other animals in the herd, subclinical mastitis is a important dairy herd problem. However, clinical mastitis is a clinical case created by deformation of udder gland and decreasing milk yield. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactia and Streptococcus dysgalactia are in clinical mastitis, but Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus agalactia and Streptococcus dysgalactia are the most common isolated microorganisms in subclinical mastitis. Due to mastitis caused by these microorganisms in Water Buffalo, abnormality in the structure of milk are observed, and it causes economic losses to farmers from reduced production. Therefore, the detection of effective factors on mastitis and taking of the necessary precautions are very important. In this review, mastitis case in water Buffalo and its effects were discussed.

In our study used wild leguminous plants (Medicago sativa, M. lupulina and M. varia ) Erzurum belongs to the high altitude (2000 - 2500m ) regions ( Palandöken mountain, Alibaba mountain, Turnagöl mountain, Hasanbaba mountain, Eğerli mountain, Yıldırım mountain, Çubuklu mountain, Deveboynu locality, Kayakyolu locality, Telsizler and Dumlu hill ) were collected during the months of June and July. Nodules were obtained from this plant were sterilized, YMA (Yeast Mannitol Agar) plates were streaked and petri dishes 28+1ºC were incubated for 3-5 days. Colonies appear after incubation typically constitute (white, clear or slightly opaque, mucosity, round, raised) 39 isolates were selected and transferred to tubes and refrigerated YMA were stored at +4ºC. In the next stage, cytological and biochemical analyzes of these isolates were studied to determine. For this purpose isolates; YMA containing bromothymol blue and congo red reproduction, gram stain reaction, movement and subjected to catalase and oxidase tests were evaluated. The cytological and biochemical analysis of results showed that 28 of 39 strains belonged to Rhizobium spp.

Twenty five land races from Madhya Pradesh and ten germplasm of coriander were evaluated in four environments to assess umbel per plant using multivariate analysis. Mean sum of squares due to genotypes, environments and GEI were highly significant for umbels per plant. Variation in GEI was mainly due to heterogeneity. ). PCA 1 and PCA 2 captures the 99.42% of interaction sum of squares hence, these two principal component axes were the best predictive. The potential environment the potential environments E3 (high fertility, 2009-10) bearing lowest interaction effect while, least potential environments E2 (low fertility, 2008-09) exhibited high PCA scores. The biplot of genotype, environment and IPCA 1 showed three groups. One group exhibited the similar main effects (mean umbels per plant) to the grand mean. The second group showed high interaction effect varied in direction while third group bear the low interaction effect. AMMI Stability Values (ASV), ranging from from 7.444 to 31.099 was lowest in RVC 8 followed by RVC 4, RVC 11, RVC 21, RVC 9 and RVC 3 whereas, it was noted maximum in RVC 19 followed by Moroccan, CS 193, Simpo S 33 and G 5363. The genotypes exhibiting low IPCA scores and ASV namely, RVC 8, RVC 4, RVC 11, RVC 21, RVC 19 and RVC 25 showed wider adaptability for umbels per plant while, RVC 19, Moroccan, CS 193, Simpo S 33 and G 5363 exhibiting specific adaptability towards environmental conditions. These genotypes can be utilized in breeding programmes to transfer the adaptability genes for umbel per plant into high yielding genetic back ground in coriander.

This study was conducted to determine milk yield characteristics and its effect on genotypes, years and ages Hair goat x Saanen crossbred and Hair goat breed between 2011-2012 years in private enterprise which is located in Amasya province Sarılar village. In this study, the effect of genotypes was found significant on average daily milk yield, lactation length and lactation milk yield in 2011 and 2012 years. In 2011, the effect of goat ages were determined on average daily milk yield (ADMY) and lactation milk yield (LMY) for all goat genotypes. In 2012, the effect of goat ages was determined on average daily milk yield and lactation length (LL) for all goat genotypes. The effect of year F1 and Hair goat were found significant on ADMY, LMY, and LL. The effect of year was found significant on only LL for G1 genotype. As a result it can be say that Saanen goat x Hair goat crossbred F1 and G1 genotype milk yield was higher than Hair goat reared in farmer conditions.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of heat treatment and salt concentrations (0, 5, and 10%) on the free amino acids (FAA) composition of Sudanese braided cheese (BC) ripened for up to 3 months at 5±2°C. Heat and salt concentration significantly affected the FAA of braided cheese. The free amino acids concentrations of BC ripened in 0%, 5%, and 10% salted whey (SW) were significantly fluctuated. Under ripening conditions tested (salt level + time), braided cheese made from pasteurized milk (BCPM) had consistently lower values of FAA than braided cheese made from raw milk (BCRM). In fresh cheese, the major FAA in BCRM were Glu (36.12 nmol/ml), Leu (26.77nmol/ml) and Lys (14.51 nmol/ml) while the major ones in BCPM were Lys (2.94 nmol/ml) and Ala (2.45 nmol/ml). BCPM stored in 10% SW had shorter quality life compared to that stored in 5% salted whey.

Ralstonia solanacearum is a very destructive bacterial plant pathogen that causes wilt disease in solanaceae crops. To study the response of potato, tomato, eggplant and petunia to bacterial wilt disease, two isolates representing biovars 2A and 2T of R. solanacearum were evaluated for their pathogenicity aggressiveness and tobacco hypersensitivity response (HR) at two different temperature regimes. The response of plants was estimated by appearance of wilting symptoms and bacterial density in the xylems of inoculated plants over a four weeks period. The results indicated that isolates representing biovar 2T caused less disease in all the species and cultivars compared to isolates biovar 2A, at both temperature conditions and also, there were significant differences in susceptibility to biovars 2A and 2T of R. solanacearum among tomato, eggplant and petunia and potato cultivars.